[Reprint] Russia's most cattle rocket engine: with the United States praised China also buy

Russia's most cattle rocket engine: with the United States praised China also buy

https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1591888022887428561&wfr=spider&for=pc

YF120 120 ton

Liquid engine abbreviation

There YF220 200-ton there YF480 500-ton being developed.

 

Positive energy weapons

Published: 18-02-10 05:45 high-quality original author

Recently, China hopes to introduce RD180 liquid oxygen kerosene engine as a backup YF460 rocket engines, in order to achieve double insurance future messages 9 rocket Long March to the spread of printing, for a time, the Russian side is promises, while the Chinese partner is mollified, so RD180 engine is the story behind it? To this former Soviet N-1 moon rocket start.

The 1950s and 1960s, the Soviet Union began the competition in the area of ​​the sky, the first to achieve the former Soviet Union to launch satellites and manned spacecraft, of course, the United States unwilling people, began the Apollo manned lunar landing program, followed by the United States to complete Saturn V carrier rocket and the Apollo spacecraft development, launch and implementation of "Apollo -11" spacecraft lunar login activity in July 16, 1969, this is the first successful human landing on the moon. The former Soviet Union to catch up naturally in the competition of the Cold War arms race. It began the development of the N-1 moon rocket, nearly 700 tons compared to the five F1 rocket engine Saturn V rocket of a core of a single thrust, when the Soviet Union still not developed a single rocket engine thrust so great the engine is the largest ever man-made thrust single liquid rocket engine combustion chambers; Soviet was clearly overwhelmed, thereby using the 30 Russian NK-15 rocket engine consisting of a combination of N-1 moon rocket mode core level, NK-15 has a single thrust of more than 150 tons, of course, heavy Falcon rocket launched today, two boost plus a core, a combination of a total of 27 units of rocket engine Merlin 1D ++, had relatively Soviet N-1 rocket engine combination, can be described as trivial, and its 90 tons of thrust compared to a single vacuum predecessors, but also can stick to your teeth.

回到N-1火箭的研制历程，前苏联完成N-1运载火箭设计后分别于1969年2月21日、同年7月3日及1971年6月和1972年11月进行了四次测试发射，但最终均告失败。随后库兹涅佐夫设计局基于NK-15和NK-15V完成了NK-33和NK-43火箭发动机，其中NK-33后来用于美国轨道科学公司的金牛座2号运载火箭，其主要用于发射美国轨道科学公司的天鹅座飞船，给国际空间站运送货物和给养。

当然NK33相比之后研制的RD170和RD171火箭发动机，可谓相去甚远，其研制研制最早要追溯到1973年。当时N-1运载火箭发射的失败后，就打算研制大推力的发动机，提议研制的RD-123发动机，推力要达到800吨，RD-150发动机的推力要达到1500吨。事实上RD-123和RD-150发动机达不到要求，此外还有用于UR-700火箭的RD-270发动机，推力也能达到640吨，当时在1967年到1969年进行了27次测试。但是测试中出现了问题，随后没有继续进行。

1974年到1980年间，对大推力的四燃烧室版本大推力火箭发动机进行了测试，这也是RD-170火箭发动机的研制先声，随后在进行了一系列测试和改进后，RD-170达到了超过800吨的真空推力，并在能源-暴风雪航天飞机上进行了测试，其另一个近似推力的型号RD-171则用于天顶系列运载火箭的发射。

进入90年代，俄罗斯完成了与美国普惠公司合作完成的较小推力400吨级版本的RD-180火箭发动机，并将其运用洛马公司的宇宙神V型运载火箭的第一级，洛马公司采用该火箭发动机的原因是当时，美国已经无法完成单台推力如此巨大的火箭发动机，主要是财政支持方面的原因，以及当年F-1火箭发动机技术的失效。就宇宙神V号火箭的近地轨道载荷来说，可以达到29吨，地球静止轨道的载荷则可达到13吨，是可以与美国德尔塔IV型重型火箭相媲美的重型运载火箭，不同是，宇宙神V号火箭主要用于军事发射及行星际探测器的发射。

而就中国来说，在上世纪末引入前苏联的RD120 80吨级推力液氧煤油火箭发动机样机技术后，中国随即完成了长七和长五运载火箭所采用的YF100火箭发动机的研发，并争取到本世纪30年前后实现装备YF460 500吨级液氧煤油发动机和YF220 200吨级氢氧发动机&千吨级固体火箭发动机的长征九号登月运载火箭的研制，并实现载人登月及进一步的载人登火。

就在YF460开始研制的当口，RD180引进的传言，应该也不是乌有之风，其中更多的是耐人寻味，综合来说，中国应该已经接近启动载人登月计划的临界点，嫦娥登月的美好传说，必将在当代中国人的手里得以实现！End！（利刃/时雨）