Sharing cycling - had mentioned this gas "outlet", what is your first reaction?
Ofo account is lying helpless 299 deposit? It was recently hit billions of losses for the US Mission Mount worship?
After the "new four great inventions" aura faded, shared bicycle handful of positive news, ofo credit bankruptcy, Morocco thanks to huge losses, hello come from behind, the industry structure almost nothing new.
However, you may not know is that in faraway America, shared bicycle industry just from the "Copy from China" - an unprecedented sense of "copy China" coming out, the military situation being burned in full swing. In this competition, the industry starting from the shared bicycles, electric cars turn sharing, shared electric scooters, further introduce the concept of "micro-travel" (Micro-Mobility), and even led to the American tradition "is built on the wheels" of new thinking about the future development of the city.
From the domestic bicycle crazy sea, to the US travel giant Uber, Lyft a series of actions, cycling increasingly intense war, the United States share the bicycle industry has gone through in the end what? China will repeat the mistakes it? We January of view.
Uber, Lyft have entered the bicycle market share
Earlier this year, Uber disclose information sharing travel giant, plans to expand the autopilot to share power assisted bicycles, electric scooters research and development, science and technology so that the intention of driving the vehicle with automatic automatic charging station arrived, but also better vehicle scheduling, greatly reduced daily operating costs.
Last April, Uber approximately $ 200 million acquisition of New York start-ups JUMP, entered the industry, it will be attributed to their own "traffic service" under (Transportation as a Service, TaaS) grand blueprint to stop with the ride with no piles bicycle sharing basis, the development of a shared electric bikes, electric scooters share, becoming the first player to be reckoned with weight.
(Jump share power assisted bicycles, images from the network)
At the same time, as Uber's biggest competitor in the North American market, the only fast pace Lyft not slow.
Last November, Lyft share acquisition bicycle company Motivate, became the nation's largest bike share company, is sitting on more than 80% market share.
Today, Manhattan, New York Citi Bike (Citibank title shared bicycle), Ford Bike in downtown San Francisco (Ford shared the title of the bicycle) are attributable Lyft's, April 10, Lyft Chicago scored more bicycle Divvy 9-year concession system, to further expand its bicycle business.
(San Francisco have shared bicycle Ford Bike pile, now owned by Lyft operations)
Mount worship, OFO, from the sea to rout
As a pioneer in the shared bicycle industry, thanks to friction and ofo overseas business at the time described as highly anticipated.
In 2017, ofo carrying one thousand small yellow car coming out of Seattle, the United States turned the battlefield. After that year, more than forty thousand vehicles a small yellow car stationed in more than 30 major cities, the United States became the leading pack pile no shared bicycle.
(Ofo in the United States: one US dollar for an hour, drawing from Fortune)
About the same time, in September 2017, thanks also settled in Mount Washington, DC, and gradually expand to more cities San Diego, Charlotte and so on.
So far, coupled with the Chinese in the United States and other start-up companies founded by Limebike, the United States share the bicycle industry is basically in a rare "Copy from China" - copy the Chinese model, such as the bit is known as "China Uber" in general, the US market a rare appearance on the "American ofo" in the title.
However, it did not last long, less than a year's time, ofo, Morocco thanks to successive defeat.
Why defeat? ofo put the blame on restrictive policies and regulations .
In China, the early development of the industry, ofo friction and worship almost unlimited delivery bicycle, to seize the market, but this greatly occupied public space resources, sidewalks full of parked bicycles situation everywhere, followed by a more bicycle Cemetery It is shocking.
(Cycling cemetery, FIG from the network)
××× United States to the government from the outset to develop a detailed settled restrictions Each business can only get a fixed quota, which greatly limits the ofo order to win the "China model."
Attendant, ofo, Morocco thanks to a series of financial trouble, a refund of the deposit farce staged, Chinese bicycle industry bubble halted share, overseas operations naturally became the lowest priority to protect themselves under.
Operating less than a year, in July 2018, ofo out of the US market. Earlier, in April 2018, Morgan Stanley announced its withdrawal thanks to all overseas operations.
共享单车——这一“中国创造”的行业出海之旅，至此画上句号。
从“共享单车”到“微出行”，硅谷创企的本地化与革新
ofo、摩拜的失利，让“照抄中国”的水土不服显露无疑。美国共享单车行业逐渐走向本地化，美国本土创业企业崭露头角。共享单车之外，共享电动滑板车、共享电助力自行车接连登场，行业从共享单车逐渐走向多模态的“微出行”时代。
2017年9月，共享电动滑板车创业企业 Bird 率先在圣莫尼卡展开业务，并迅速推广至100多个城市，成为了目前为止最快4个月就达到20亿美元估值的“独角兽”创业企业。
与遍布神州大地的小黄车不同，共享电动滑板车更易上手，更适应于美国人的习惯。据北卡罗来纳州夏洛特市的数据，共享电动滑板车平均每天有4单左右的出行记录，相形之下，无桩共享单车只有惨淡的0.6次，其优势可见一斑。
与此同时，电动滑板车也成功地绕过了诸如“骑车必须佩戴头盔”、“共享单车专营权限制”等地方法规限制，得以在美国大小城市遍地开花，成功复刻了 ofo、摩拜的早期风潮。
就美国 2018 年全年数据来看，在合计 8400 多万次的共享微出行中，电动滑板车占据半数以上，成为微出行的主流。
如果再细分来看，共享单车出行中，仅有 300 万左右是由小黄车式的无桩共享单车提供，甚至不到总数的零头，剩余的 3000 多万则由旧有的城市有桩共享单车提供。
（Bird 共享电动滑板车，图自网络）
在上一阶段致力于普通无桩单车的 Lime，也不由得投身电动滑板车的热潮，将之作为运营主力。2018年5月，Lime 投放了其第一批共享电动滑板车，正式入局。截止当年年底，Lime 已经在 65 个美国城市和5个海外城市成功布局，成为共享电动滑板车的重要玩家。
（Lime 共享电动滑板车动态热力图）
除去共享电动滑板车，共享电助力单车成了另一发展方向。
电助力单车，顾名思义，在你骑行的时候通过电机提供助力，让你更轻松、更快地到达目的地。对于大多数美国用户来说，他们对稍高的价格并不太敏感，对出行的体验则有更高的要求。
这一情形下，共享电助力单车甫上市，便博得了众多美国用户的青睐。后来被 Uber 收购的 Jump 和 Lime 也纷纷在这一领域投入研发，为更高的速度、更轻的负荷、更广的适用性买单。
在硅谷的大本营，旧金山市区，这一优势显得更为显著。
若你曾到访过旧金山，不会不对旧金山市内陡峭的道路留下深刻印象，传统共享单车在频繁的上坡下坡中体验极差，完全无法满足需求，电助力单车便成功弥补了这一缺憾，在旧金山的大街小巷频频露面。
至此，共享单车行业的本地化初步稳定，从单一的共享单车行业转变为被誉为“第二代共享出行”的综合性微出行行业。（第一代共享出行即以Uber、Lyft、滴滴为代表的共享汽车行业）
共享出行行业的整合、发展、未来
再过之后的故事便显得出乎意料却又理所当然。
Lyft 收购了近乎一统有桩共享单车出行的 Motivate（记得吗，2018年有桩共享单车出行在微出行中近乎占据半壁江山），一跃成为微出行第一巨头。之后，更推出合作研发的 Lyft 自有品牌无桩共享电助力单车和电动滑板车，为市场的白热竞争增温添焰。
Uber 则转向风头十足的 Jump，成功补全共享出行大体系的最后缺口。
（Jump 也是有桩的电动助力单车）
他们都将微出行视为其“交通即服务”的大体系的重要构件，致力于将共享汽车、公共交通、微出行融为一体，让传统上构建于汽车之上的美式生活成为过去式。
在这之中，也让社会对美国城市的未来展开探讨。
下图是 NACTO（National Association of City Transportation Officials，美国国家城市交通协会）的微出行逐年数据，其增长态势可见一斑。这也显露出，美国普罗大众对于汽车替代品的需求日渐旺盛，更与当今美国年轻人更偏好住在市区公寓而非郊区别墅，更倾向共享出行而非自有汽车的趋势相吻合。
（微出行发展趋势：×××是共享电动滑板车，蓝色是共享无桩自行车，绿色是共享有桩电动车，横坐标：出行次数（百万次））
美国的城市真的要继续为汽车设计下去吗？过去当然如此，未来却未必。
说了这么多欣欣向荣，美国的微出行行业当然不能避免中国同侪的根源问题，甚至更甚于之，那就是：亏损。
简单举例，Citi Bike（纽约曼哈顿花旗银行冠名的共享单车），在2018年5月运营报告显示，有 650 万美元总收入—— 包括 460 万美元的会员费以及 180 万美元的赞助费以及其他费用。但从 2012 年开始，花旗银行支付了 4100 万美元，成为纽约自行车共享系统的企业赞助商。
而另一个不可忽视的因素是——美国高昂的人力成本，让微出行设备的调度和管理成本高居不下。相比传统共享单车，电助力单车和电动滑板车更增添了充电的需求，亏损随规模逐年扩大，为本就盈利无望的 Uber 和 Lyft 添上新负担。
美国微出行于中国
随着 ofo、摩拜的出局，中国共享出行厂商的美国路化为泡影，但是，作为源自中国的行业，美国微出行欣欣向荣的背后，中国又能获得什么呢？
最直接的利益：生产、制造。
在共享电动滑板车发展的初期，为了尽快占领市场，不少微出行初创企业直接选择诸如小米电动滑板车等中国消费级产品进行改造、部署。直到后来，企业纷纷展开自主研发，研制自有电动助力单车、电动滑板车，其生产与制造仍大多在中国进行，为共享单车泡沫破灭后的过剩产能寻得了出处。
创新反哺：电助力单车入局中国
After the US harvest a good response, earlier this year, hello electric bicycle will also help to introduce motorcycles picture, to put in hundreds of cities, provide a better experience for Chinese consumers.
Sea Reflection: localization, localization, localization
As "China Innovation" industry, but also the basis of experience to lose ground, ofo and still worship Mount fiasco, geometric reasons? Excuse policies and regulations on the one hand, the localization of defects come more deadly.
In fact, this Amazon store and stationed in China acclimatized helpless to get away defeat exactly the same.
Without proper localization of the transformation, blindly copy the experience of the mother country, last only as familiar with the local market characteristics of the local business beat.
The internationalization of the road Chinese Internet companies, but should be combined with local conditions, tailored to avoid "strong dragon does not push local snakes" ending, a place in the fierce competition in the international market.
More exciting, so stay tuned Silicon Valley insight official website ( http://www.svinsight.com )