X86 architecture
X86 architecture computer language instruction set executed by the microprocessor, based on the Intel 8086 CPU and backward compatible instruction set architecture, including Intel 8086,80186,80286,80386 80486 and, since the "86" as the end, so the architecture is known as "x86"
Application areas: personal computers, servers, etc.
category
IA: Intel (Intel) processor-based servers called IA (Intel Architecture) server architecture
IA-32: Intel 32-bit architecture, X86 is modified based on the original framework from 16 to 32 (Intel referred to as IA-32)
x86-32: Now the Intel IA-32 called x86-32
x86-64
AMD64: 64 Wei to expand the x86 architecture, backward compatible with 16-bit and 32-bit x86 architecture. x64 AMD in 1999 by the design, AMD first public 64 set to expand to x86, called "AMD64", AMD64, and basically the same Intel64
Intel64: EM64T (Extended Memory 64 Technology) extended 64bit memory technology, are essentially the same as IA-32 AMD64 enhanced version.
-64-IA: 64-bit Intel architecture, Intel Itanium architecture (Intel Itanium architecture), using the Itanium processor family of 64-bit instruction set architecture, jointly developed by Intel and Hewlett-Packard. IA is an abbreviation for Intel Architecture (Intel architecture), and 64 refers to 64-bit systems. Using this architecture CPU, including the Itanium and Itanium 2. This architecture with x86 and x86-64 and incompatible operating system and software need to use a special version of IA-64.
ARM architecture
ARM Architecture: RISC machines RISC (Advanced RISC Machine, earlier known as: Acorn RISC Machine), is a 32-bit reduced instruction set (RISC) processor architecture, widely used in many embedded system design. Due to energy-saving features, ARM processors ideal for mobile communications, consistent with its primary design goals for the low power consumption characteristics. ARM family accounts for 75% of the proportion of all 32-bit embedded processor, making it one of the world accounted for the largest number of 32-bit architecture. ARM was founded in 1991 in Cambridge, England, sells chip design technology licensing.
Applications: mobile phones, PAD, navigation systems, and other network devices are ARM architecture, currently the most widely used CPU is ARM world
MIPS architecture
MIPS is the world's very popular as a RISC processor. MIPS means "no internal interlocked pipeline stages of the microprocessor" (Microprocessor without interlocked piped stages), the mechanism is the use of software as much as possible way to avoid data-related issues in the pipeline. It was first developed in the early 1980s by a research team led by Professor Hennessy of Stanford (Stanford) University. MIPS R series is the company's microprocessor on the basis of the development of RISC industrial products. These series of products for many computer companies adopt a variety of workstation and computer systems constitute.
Applications: workstations and other computer platforms, currently the main use of the MIPS architecture Godson machine
PowerPC architecture
PowerPC is a reduced instruction set (RISC) architecture中央处理器(CPU), the basic design from IBM (IBM Business Machines Corporation) of the IBM PowerPC 601 microprocessor POWER (Performance Optimized With Enhanced RISC; "IBM Connect Electronics News "in August 2007 translated as" enhanced RISC performance optimization ") architecture. 1990s, IBM (International Business Machines Corporation), Apple (Apple) and Motorola (Motorola) PowerPC chips developed successfully, and create the PowerPC-based multiprocessor computer. Features PowerPC architecture is scalability good, convenient and flexible.
PowerPC processors have a broad scope, ranging from high-end servers such as CPU Power4 to the embedded CPU market (Nintendo Gamecube uses a PowerPC). PowerPC processor embedded has a very strong performance, since it has excellent performance, low energy consumption and low heat dissipation. In addition to serial and Ethernet controller such as the integrated I / O, there is a very significant difference between the embedded processor and the "desktop" CPU.
SPARC architecture
Scalable Processor Architecture "(Scalable Processor ARChitecture), is a RISC microprocessor one architecture. It was first designed in 1985 by Sun computers, is one of the registered trademarks of SPARC International.
Microprocessor instruction set architecture type
CISC : complex instruction set, the English name CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computer acronym), in a CISC microprocessor, each program instruction is executed in serial sequence, each instruction in the sequence order of each operation is also line execution. The advantage of performing the sequence control is simple, but the utilization of various parts of the computer is not high, slow execution speed, but the work can be processed by each instruction is very rich.
Common CISC microinstruction set mainly in: AMD, Intel, VIA and so on IA-32, X86 architecture CPU products
RISC: Reduced Instruction Set, English name is RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer acronym), the number of instructions and addressing modes have done a streamlined, making it easier to achieve, the degree of parallel instruction execution better, more efficient compiler , better execution performance, but complicate things, requires multiple instructions simultaneously to completion.
Common RISC microinstruction set mainly in: DECAlpha, ARC, ARM, AVR, MIPS, PA-RISC, IBM (PowerArchitecture (including PowerPC)), SUN (SPARC)
EPIC: Explicitly Parallel Instruction Set, English name is EPIC (Explicitly Parallel Instruction Computing abbreviation), efficient parallel processing designed capable of simultaneously processing a plurality of instructions or programs. Parallel processing may increase the effective amount of work each processor clock cycle, thereby greatly enhancing application performance.
EPIC common microinstruction set focused on: pure Intel's IA-64 architecture 64-bit microprocessors Itanium / Itanium2
VLIW: Long Instruction, English name is VLIW (Very Long Instruction Word abbreviation), the plurality of instructions into an instruction word, effectively improves the efficiency of the various components calculation function CPU, the improved performance of the program
EPIC common microinstruction set focused on: pure Intel's IA-64 architecture, 64-bit Itanium microprocessor