Dynamic routing --RIP theory + practice papers (a)

Dynamic Routing

Based on some kind of routing protocol

Dynamic Routing Features

Reducing the administrative tasks
Take up network bandwidth

Dynamic Routing Protocol Overview

Routers used to exchange information between the language of

metric

Article number (as possible)
Bandwidth (the bigger the better)
Load cutover routing is generally done at night
Delay (in the case of multi-broadcast, when routing long ....)
reliability
Cost (path cost, bandwidth, link costs)

convergence

So that all routing tables are consistent state of the process

Comparative static routing and dynamic routing

Network, static routing and dynamic routing complement each other

According to the classification routing algorithm executed

Distance vector routing protocol

Based router from a source network to a target network through which the number of routing
RIP、IGRP

Link-state routing protocol

Considering all network paths from source to destination network routing case
OSPF、IS-IS

RIP routing

RIP routing protocol works

RIP is a distance - vector routing protocol

The basic concept of the RIP

Regularly update
neighbor
Radio Update
Full routing table updates

Forming the routing table

Routing learn to direct routes
When the update cycle to the 30s, the router sends a routing table to neighbors
A few 30s, the second update cycle to again transmit routing table

RIP metric value Article Number

The maximum number of 15 hops 16 hops is unreachable

RIP update

Every 30s sends routing update messages, UDP520 port

RIP routing update messages

Transmitting entire routing table information

Routing loops

While maintaining the routing table information, if changes in the topology, the network had a slow convergence of contradictory or inconsistent entries in routing, route loops will occur under these conditions, the router can not reach the network routing ignored, causing the user's data packets sent over the network constantly circulating, eventually leading to serious waste of network resources.

Perform split horizon prevents routing loops may occur

Learn from one interface to the routing information is no longer sent out from this interface
While also reducing the link bandwidth resource occupied by routing update information

RIP configuration

Enable RIP

router rip

Declared the network ID

network network-number

View the configuration of routing protocols

show ip portocols

The difference between RIP v1 and RIP v2 of

version	RIP v1	RIP v2
the difference	There are class routing protocol	Classless routing protocol
	Radio update (255.255.225.255)	Multicast update (224.0.0.9)
	Does not support VLSM	Support VLSM
	Automatic route summarization, can not be closed	Automatically closable summary, the summary can be manually
	It does not support discontinuous subnets	Support discontinuous subnets

RIP v2 Configuration

Enable version v2

router rip

version 2
RIP v2 turn off the automatic route summarization

no auto-summary

Demo

Transformation experiments:

GNS 3 installed software, and the software installed in the routing mirror

GNS 3 download use c3725 routing image files

Construction of the experiment topology

1, constructed in GNS 3 network topology, using three routing device provided in the dynamic routing RIP routing device, PC1 and PC2 are interconnected. (Note that the interface is divided into segments)

Dynamic routing --RIP theory + practice papers (a)

2, all the equipment is turned on, and the first routing device R2, and adds information network interfaces

R2#conf t              //进入全局模式
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
R2(config)#int f0/0      //进入f0/0接口
R2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0       //添加网段
R2(config-if)#no shut      //开启接口
R2(config-if)#
*Mar  1 00:03:21.759: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
*Mar  1 00:03:22.759: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
R2(config-if)#exit         //退出接口
R2(config)#int f0/1         //进入f0/1接口
R2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.252  //添加网段
R2(config-if)#no shut        //开启接口
R2(config-if)#
*Mar  1 00:04:13.043: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
*Mar  1 00:04:14.043: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
R2(config)#do show ip rout          //查看路由表，查看网段是否成功添加
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area 
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

C    192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0       //成功添加网段
     192.168.20.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       192.168.20.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1

3, into the routing device R1, and adds information on the interface network

R1#conf t                    //进入全局模式
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config)#int f0/0           //进入f0/0接口
R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.20.2 255.255.255.252      //添加网段
R1(config-if)#no shut           //开启接口
R1(config-if)#
*Mar  1 00:11:18.063: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
*Mar  1 00:11:19.063: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
R1(config-if)#exit           //退出接口
R1(config)#int f0/1          //进入f0/1接口
R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.30.1 255.255.255.252     //添加网段
R1(config-if)#no shut         //开启接口
R1(config-if)#
*Mar  1 00:12:22.463: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
*Mar  1 00:12:23.463: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#do show ip rout        //查看路由表，查看网段是否成功添加
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area 
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

     192.168.30.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       192.168.30.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1            //成功添加网段
     192.168.20.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       192.168.20.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

4, into the routing device R3, and adds information network interfaces

R3#conf t                        //进入全局模式
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
R3(config)#int f0/0              //进入f0/0接口
R3(config-if)#ip add 192.168.30.2 255.255.255.252     //添加网段
R3(config-if)#no shut           //开启接口
R3(config-if)#
*Mar  1 00:15:54.763: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
*Mar  1 00:15:55.763: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
R3(config-if)#exit            //退出接口
R3(config)#int f0/1            //进入f0/1接口
R3(config-if)#ip add 192.168.40.1 255.255.255.0      //添加网段
R3(config-if)#no shut         //开启接口
R3(config-if)#
*Mar  1 00:16:36.811: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
*Mar  1 00:16:37.811: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
R3(config-if)#exit
R3(config)#do show ip rout           //查看路由表，查看网段是否成功添加
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area 
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

     192.168.30.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       192.168.30.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0        //成功添加网段
C    192.168.40.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1

5, respectively, configured IP addresses on both the PC

PC1> ip 192.168.10.2 192.168.10.1          //添加IP地址及网关
Checking for duplicate address...
PC1 : 192.168.10.2 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.10.1      //成功配置IP地址

PC2> ip 192.168.40.2 192.168.40.1           //添加IP地址及网关
Checking for duplicate address...
PC1 : 192.168.40.2 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.40.1     //成功配置IP地址

6, back to the R2 routing device, add the RIP routing protocol

R2(config)#router rip                      //进入路由进程
R2(config-router)#network 192.168.10.0     //宣告直连网段
R2(config-router)#network 192.168.20.0     //宣告直连网段
R2(config-router)#version 2                //启用版本 2
R2(config-router)#no auto-summary          //关闭路由自动汇总功能
R2(config-router)#exit                     //完成后退出路由进程

7, the routing device R1, the RIP routing protocol is added

R1(config)#router rip                      //进入路由进程
R1(config-router)#network 192.168.20.0     //宣告直连网段
R1(config-router)#network 192.168.30.0     //宣告直连网段
R1(config-router)#version 2                //启用版本 2
R1(config-router)#no auto-summary          //关闭路由自动汇总功能
R1(config-router)#exit                     //完成后退出路由进程

8, the routing device R3, the RIP routing protocol is added

R3(config)#router rip                    //进入路由进程
R3(config-router)#network 192.168.30.0   //宣告直连网段
R3(config-router)#network 192.168.40.0   //宣告直连网段
R3(config-router)#version 2              //启用版本 2
R3(config-router)#no auto-summary        //关闭路由自动汇总功能
R3(config-router)#exit                   //完成后退出路由进程

9, respectively, view the routing device in the routing table, the success of automatic learning network segment information

R2(config)#do show ip rout                //查看R2路由设备路由表
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area 
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

     192.168.30.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
R       192.168.30.0 [120/1] via 192.168.20.2, 00:00:14, FastEthernet0/1     //成功学习网段
C    192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
R    192.168.40.0/24 [120/2] via 192.168.20.2, 00:00:14, FastEthernet0/1     //成功学习网段
     192.168.20.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       192.168.20.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1

R1(config)#do show ip rout                   //查看R1路由设备路由表
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area 
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

     192.168.30.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       192.168.30.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
R    192.168.10.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.20.1, 00:00:05, FastEthernet0/0     //成功学习网段
R    192.168.40.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.30.2, 00:00:05, FastEthernet0/1     //成功学习网段
     192.168.20.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       192.168.20.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

R3(config)#do show ip rout                     //查看R3路由设备路由表
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area 
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

     192.168.30.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       192.168.30.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0         
R    192.168.10.0/24 [120/2] via 192.168.30.1, 00:00:15, FastEthernet0/0     //成功学习网段
C    192.168.40.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
     192.168.20.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
R       192.168.20.0 [120/1] via 192.168.30.1, 00:00:15, FastEthernet0/0     //成功学习网段

10, use the ping command in the PC to see if two PC communicate with each other

PC1> ping 192.168.40.2               //使用ping命令查看是否与PC2通信
192.168.40.2 icmp_seq=1 timeout
192.168.40.2 icmp_seq=2 timeout
192.168.40.2 icmp_seq=3 timeout
84 bytes from 192.168.40.2 icmp_seq=4 ttl=61 time=52.159 ms        //成功通信
84 bytes from 192.168.40.2 icmp_seq=5 ttl=61 time=52.522 ms