Disadvantages of static routing:
1. Huge amount of configuration in medium and large networks.
2. Can not converge the routing table in real time based on topology changes
. Advantages of static routing:
1. It will not occupy additional hardware resources of the device-CPU, broadband
2. No There are algorithm errors.
3. The probability of being attacked is lower and the difficulty is greater
. Disadvantages of dynamic routing: (Contrary to the advantages of static routing above)
Classification of dynamic routing protocols: Classification
based on AS:
IGP—Interior Gateway Routing Protocol—In The internal work of an AS realizes that the entire network is reachable.
EGP—External Gateway Routing Protocol—working between ASs. The realization of the entire network is reachable.
AS—autonomous system standard number 0-65535, 16-bit binary, of which 1-64511 is public 64512 Private
extension number 32-bit binary
IGP classification :
1. Based on whether the subnet mask is carried during the update.
There is a category—no subnet mask—assignment by the main class mask No category—the subnet mask is carried
2. Based on work characteristics Classification
DV—distance vector type—routing table shared between neighbors—rumor protocol, neighbor notification routing—
RIP (huawei0/EIGRP(csico)
LS link state type—shared topology information between neighbors—locally calculated routing—OSPF ISIS
RIP: V1/V2/NG (IPV6)
routing information protocol works based on UDP520 port; standard distance vector protocol
uses hop count as metric; there is trigger and periodic update; supports equal overhead load balancing; there are two versions of V1/V2: difference
1. V1 broadcast update—255.255.255.255
V2 multicast update—224.0.0.9
2. V1 is classified and V2 is unclassified —support VLSM (subnet division), subnet summary does not support supernet
3. V2 supports manual authentication— Carry identity verification information in the update data packet—Improve update security.
RIP does not have hello and ACK packets, so periodic updates are used for keep-alive and confirmation; —Asynchronous cycle
breaking mechanism:
1. Split horizon—no import from here Exit from here-avoid loops in straight-line topology and avoid repeated
MA multiple access in the MA-unlimited number of nodes in a network segment
2. Maximum number of hops-15 hops 16 hops are not reachable
3. Poison reverse split horizon- 4. Trigger update
4. Suppress timer-for updated routing information, without warning, the metric increase proof loop appears; add the timer suppression entry to the table; guide the timer to end or the updated information metric to return to normal;
related configuration ：
V1：
[r1]rip? The process number can be defined at startup, only has local meaning
INTEGER<1-65535> Process ID
[r1]rip 1
[r1-rip-1]q
[r1-rip-1]version 1 selection Version number
announcement: RIP can only announce the main class number. 1. The active interface—the interface has the ability to send and receive RIP information.
2. The announced routing information will be passed to the local neighbor
[r1-rip-1]network 1.0.0.0
[r1-rip-1]network 172.16.0.0
[r1-rip-1]network 192.168.1.0
V2 :
[r1]rip Start
[r1-rip-1]version 2 Select version 2
[r1-rip-1]undo summary Close automatic summary
Announcement
[r1-rip-1]network 12.0.0.0
[r1-rip-1] network 1.0.0.0
Second, the extended configuration of RIP
1. Manual summary of V2 —On the update source router, configure on all the updated interfaces
[r1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
C[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]rip summary- address 1.1.0.0 255.255.252.0
2. V2 authentication -In the RIP update package, carry the identity verification key; if the verification is successful, the routing information of the peer can be learned
. Configure
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]rip authentication-mode md5 on the interface directly connected to the neighbor Usual cipher 123456 (password)
remember that the format of the secret key at both ends must be exactly the same as the password
3. Silent interface (passive interface) -only receives and does not send routing protocol information, and is used to connect to the terminal PC user interface;
decided not to connect to the interface directly connected to the neighbor;
[r1]rip
[r1-rip-1]silent -interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
4. Accelerate the convergence RIP timer 30 180 120 300
By modifying the timer, the convergence can be accelerated; however, it should not be modified too small to increase resource occupation; and the timers of the entire network equipment need to be consistent, and try to maintain it when modifying the timer. The original multiple relationship
[r1-rip-1] timers rip 30 180 300
5. The default route —just define it on the border router. After the definition, the default information will be sent to the internal network; make the internal router generate a default route, and the next hop points to the border router
[r3]rip
[r3-rip-1 ]default-route originate
3. Dynamic experiment (the relevant commands are discussed above)
1. IP address division and basic allocation
2. Configure the relevant IP for the router port, create a loopback (and perform IP summation)
3. Perform RIP configuration and perform Announcement
4. Add a loopback mechanism at R3
5. Achieve the entire network reachability
