In computer knowledge base, for some non-majors in college students is concerned, it has been a pain in their hearts, and for technical education students, many students after work, is also aware of shortcomings and lack the knowledge of their own, want to go back Bubu basics. Many courses on computer-based content complicated, but whether it is books or university courses, are a bit out of work. In particular, numerous and basic computer knowledge and want to learn from zero or review are time-consuming.
In view of this, this series of articles will take you faster to make up the necessary basic knowledge of programming, covering the three basic computer knowledge areas: Principles of Computer, operating systems, computer networks, select the article that the most part as a programmer should master knowledge, its essence, abandoned in that part of the programmer unimportant.
The purpose is to:
- Help you form a computer architecture knowledge
- Help you understand the underlying principles of computer
- Help you learn where the practical work of outstanding design
Benpian is classified computer composition principle articles of the computer.
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1. Supercomputer
Is the most powerful supercomputer, the fastest calculation, the maximum storage capacity of a computer, and the National Research advanced high-tech fields used for, including weather forecasting, marine monitoring, biopharmaceutical, scientific computing, nuclear fission nuclear fusion analog, encryption and decryption arithmetic operations, military war simulation and so on.
Supercomputer used to measure the speed of operation units TFlop / s, 1TFlop / s = one trillion floating point calculations per second.
Up to now, the world's top three supercomputers are shown below.
Why is the number of processors divinity Taihu light far beyond Summit, but the force has not considered Summit high? This is because the divinity of the light used in the Taihu Lake all have independent intellectual property rights of domestic chip.
The following are the top three in China range of supercomputers.
2. mainframe computers
Mainframe computers, also known as mainframes, mainframe, host, etc., with high-performance, large amounts of data and complex calculations, data like banking and financial transactions, stock exchange data processing, census, enterprise resource planning projects which will be used to mainframe computers, in the fields of the mainframe market, IBM occupies a large share.
Mainframe mentioned, have to mention is - to "IOE" action.
What is the IOE?
I - IBM, server provider, O - Oracle, a database software provider, E - EMC, the storage device providers, the three companies make up a database system from software to hardware. Database system by the troika composed at that time occupied almost the majority of the world commercial database systems market share. In addition to Alibaba requires large amounts of data operations such commercial enterprises, others such as oil, the financial industry is also widely use the system.
What is going "IOE"?
It is a concept proposed by Alibaba. Its intention is, in Ali Baba's IT infrastructure, remove the IBM minicomputer, Oracle database, EMC storage devices, instead of developing their own systems based on open source software.
Why go "IOE"?
Because of the high maintenance costs on behalf of the IOE storage system, a three-year sales price only Oracle system reached number eight, and the IOE system scalability is poor, poor scalability, unable to meet the growing business needs of Ali.
3. A mini-computer (server)
Mini-computers, also called minicomputers, common server, with a good operator force, can complete more complex operations. It is unlike the previous supercomputers and mainframe computers, many companies (like Huawei, wave, Lenovo, etc.) can be manufactured. The modern context, many companies have replaced traditional mainframe server became common, become the hub of a large-scale enterprise computing. Cloud service vendors (such as Ali cloud, cloud Tencent, etc.), but also to build their own cloud services and data centers use ordinary server.
4. Workstation
High-end workstations are general-purpose microcomputers, provide greater performance than a personal computer, similar to an ordinary desktop computer, a larger volume, but strong performance, mainly for image processing, animation, computer aided design and manufacturing CAD / CAM and other fields .
5. The microcomputer
The microcomputer, also known as a personal computer, is the most common type of computer, it can be divided into desktop and notebook computers, one.
Small but complete. In essence constituted in terms of the personal computer is no different with the previous classification, it contains some of the necessary computer hardware. So, when we learn the computer, as long as the study of the personal computer, you will be able to comprehend by analogy, to understand all of this inside a computer classification. Because we learn the theory of the personal computer, the computer also apply to several previously described.
to sum up
Computer divided into five categories, namely, supercomputers, mainframes, mini-computers (ordinary servers) , workstations, mini-computers (PC) , which, supercomputers, mainframes, workstations, we usually contact less, microcomputer, mini the computer we touch more. The microcomputer is the personal computer we usually use, and mini-computer is an ordinary server.
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