OSI architecture: the application layer, presentation layer, session layer, transport layer, network layer, data link layer, physical layer
TCP / IP architecture: the application layer, a transport layer (TCP or the UDP), Internet layer (the IP), Network Interface Layer
Five-layer protocol architecture: an application layer, transport layer, network layer, data link layer, physical layer
Application Layer :( gateway) to perform specific network applications through the interaction between the application process.
Interactive application layer packet data unit to become. HTTP, FTP
DNS Domain Name System (the machine name into an IP address)
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
Mail Access Protocol POP3, IMAP Internet message access protocol
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
Transport Layer : general data transmission service to provide communication between two host process.
Transmission Control Protocol TCP, provide reliable connection-oriented data transmission services, the data transmission unit segment .
User Datagram Protocol UDP, provides connectionless, best effort to make data transmission services, the unit of data transmission is user datagram .
Network layer :( router) network layer is responsible for providing communications service for a host of different packet switched network. When transmitting data, segment the transport layer, network layer or user-generated data packets encapsulated into packets or a packet is transmitted. Grouping also known as IP datagrams
The ARP Address Resolution Protocol (connected to the network layer and the network interface layer)
Internet Control Message Protocol ICMP, the IGMP Internet Group Management Protocol (network layer and the transport layer connection)
The data link layer :( bridge or bridge) between two adjacent nodes in the transmission of data, data link layer network layer down cross-assembled into IP datagram frame . Each frame comprising data and control information necessary (e.g., synchronization information, address information, error control, etc.)
Encapsulated in a frame, transparent transmission, error detection
The data link layer channels used: point channel (the PPP) (one communication), a broadcast channel (CSMA / CD) (to-many communication, complicated process, the host channel connection multiple, must use a dedicated shared channel protocol coordinator these hosts)
Hardware address of the Ethernet MAC layer: also known as a physical hardware address or MAC address
The physical layer :( transponder) physical layer unit is uploading data bits. The physical layer to consider how much the voltage representative of "1", "0", and how to identify the recipient of bits transmitted by the sender.
Various computer connected transmission medium to transmit data bit stream, as the difference in shielding off the transmission media and communication means.
ADSL technology (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) to transform the existing analog telephone digital subscriber line technology, it is possible to carry broadband digital service.
FTTx, FTTH fiber to the home.