Blind obedience and rebellion
Author: [English] Michelle Baddeley
Press: CITIC Publishing Group
The wisdom of the herd, anti herd behavior and decision-making: subtitle
原作名: Copycats and Contrarians: Why We Follow Others…and When We Don’t
Translator: Ding Min Midsummer
Published: 2019-5-20
Pages: 376
Price: 68.00 yuan
Binding: Hardcover
ISBN: 9787521701371
01
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Review of basic herd and anti herd behavior, involving the professions: economics, psychology, sociology, neurology, behavioral ecology, evolutionary biology. These professionals are given and conclusions from the study, the anti-herd behavior.
Important information and conclusions are:
1: Conformity and anticonformity, for both individual and collective good, individual behaviors which take depends on individual preferences for risk and return;
2: Social media so that more people herd could break crowd of Conformity and Counter herd balance.
English is copyright 2018. No comments amazon US, Amazon UK have a bad review. The book is a relatively small minority.
02
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The following are some of the content of the book excerpt:
1: Behavioral ecologists have found a clever solution: the use of some form of aversion therapy, a small group of ferret bags were trained to become a "toad avoid" (toad-smart) bags ferret, they were fed a harmless added emetic toad sausage ingredients, to train them to learn to avoid toads. These "toad avoid" ferret bags are then released into the wild, they will learn to pass the offspring, while others follow the example of these bags ferret circumvention through the process of social learning. P Preamble 6
2: than Hyuk Chang Dani, Hirshleifer and Welch borrow a very powerful metaphor to describe this process herd: Information Falls (Information cascade). An individual to make a choice, followed by another observed with this choice and to follow, then the individual will be more determined to make the same choice, because this time he observed that more than one person to make this choice. In this way, with the increase in the number of people to follow, "choose herd," the signal more strongly, P11
3: at least on the surface, hippies can not spend what it costs to send a message to potential investors: they are non-mainstream creative. In addition to the business community, when we want to join certain groups composed by other blind obedience, we can release a signal to others to join the group confirmed that we deserved, but this is not difficult, we do not need to spend any tangible or intangible costs can successfully join a group. In this way, the collective herd behavior can type homeopathy, P58
4: In the book, Le Pen with a biological analogy to describe the violent crowd. He explained that a group of violent public like a human body. Violent minority groups where individuals are like the body's cells, they did not separate life. P119
5: Older killer whales play in imparting knowledge and social support role is complex and subtle. Researchers noted that the relationship between the "old grandmother" and it is particularly closely son. Killer whale male much shorter than the life of a female killer whales, killer whales females generally survive 80 years, the male killer whales can only live to about 30 years. With "grandmother" Like, J other group of elderly female killer whales will spend a lot of time with adult son - not the daughter - to be together. P123
6: In any case, an individual who is blind obedience for various reasons, before choosing the herd with the group, many of them because of their own interests and (improve) their correlation in the probability of survival in an uncertain world. P146
7: We can start from egoistic herd model economists begin our discussion of the unconventional behavior of drivers. These economic models show that there is no difference on blind obedience and rebel nature, are rational pursuit of maximizing their own interests, but to make a different choice after weighing nothing. P147
8: "The Prophet" holds better private information (and he is very aware of this), and therefore less likely to be affected by the action of others; "overconfident fool" who have failed to grasp is better information but self-righteous guy , arrogant and incorrectly own judgment placed on group behavior reflects the information society; finally, "rebels", P149
9: Most blamed for a total of obvious trait is that, for purposes of blind obedience to avoid the risk of less of, but they take up with relish. This is most evident in the financial sector against the market trend traders who, in the financial industry, trading against the market trend is the usual routine. P150
10: Adventure maverick who they want to be better than others and the desire to be associated, sometimes the winner will do account for the money, or reputation applause, leaving the second place award is depleted, or even nothing. In order to beat everyone, maverick who often are willing to pay or invest personal money, to withstand extreme risk. Invention and innovation can become a good interpretation of the importance of the first copy of other scientific studies found rarely recognized. P153
11: How to help us understand the difference between blind obedience and traitor compared to the potential benefits it brings adventure, blind obedience more concerned if you choose rebellion might lose something?. P156
12: whistleblowers are another positive change in the world has the ability to be blamed. But different and rebels, blamed for whistleblowers is reluctant. They did not create, but they will be able to do other people want to cover up the problem public. P165
13: economists study how social interactions and blind obedience rebels promote or hinder business investment and financing behavior of Keynes can be described as the first person. P172
14: As we have seen, the preservation of reputation is another reason people choose to follow the herd and others. John Maynard Keynes once keenly observed, regulatory compliance conservative to err is better than another way to success. P186
15: Another herd of factors drive financial speculators want to try to guess other people think. When we need to decide at what price to buy an asset, especially when we want to sell the property soon changed hands again, others are willing to pay the price of this property is an important reference point for our support and decision-making of the purchase price a. P188
16: Dr Squire could no longer testify as a professional witness. For this reason, some experts are now no longer willing to testify. Another name for "shaking baby syndrome" reservations doctor, Irene Shemuboge (Irene Scheimberg) told the BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) evening news programs, for fear will fall into the same situation, she will no longer provide expert advice to the court. P213
17: We expect some experts paradox: we want to be able to unique expertise and innovation, but at the same time we would like to see the views between the experts can confirm each other before they can feel at ease. From the economy to the weather forecast, we are always an afterthought be critical of these forecasts Africa mainstream point of view. P216
18: especially when the mass media involved, the quality of expert opinions will be as bad to worse as the used car market. Even an expert insightful, and how we can boast experts and those with insight, and only expect to accumulate reputation separately for their own area people do? It's not easy, and in most cases is not just about right and wrong. In fact, we often can not distinguish between a careful investigation, the distinction between strict and meticulous analysis of reliable experts and experts in a sloppy second-rate data processing. P223
19: and how those misguided consensus of experts to follow the universal conducted in the right area to separate widely recognized, it is a challenge we must face. Another challenge is similar to this, when the Rebels experts interpret the concept of how just the right balance between the different motivations behind dissent: To what extent are driven by personal interests, but also to what extent is simply out of a reasonable challenge erroneous consensus. P241
20: Whether voters respected their political leaders or political decision-making voter enthusiasm, reflecting the system thinking style emotional factors are everywhere. Daniel Kahneman discovered the dominant emotional factors during the 2016 British referendum on Europe off, voters spread the play. He fears that the devastating psychological effects of long-off for Europe turn a blind eye. P278
21: Only when we can be sure that he was not manipulated by others, shortcuts herd thinking and social learning strategies in order to be effective. As we learn from the others because of the emergence of "false news" and more complex. P280
22: In addition to the impact can not trust the news and social media questionable, stoked that we have access to the amount of information is so great. We live in this networking, and indeed over-connected world, we are exposed to endless information from various sources into. P285
23: In today's "post-truth" political era, if the public image of politicians can skillfully cater to our fast system-style emotional and instinctive decision-making, then we can effectively about our choice of leaders. False news is also quite in-1 formula appetite way of thinking system, because it is generally easy to digest, it contains only simple perceptual information we borrow quick decisions thinking shortcut can be easily handled. P287
24: In the foregoing have seen us in every aspect of daily life is blind obedience. Clearly, the traitor after all, is a minority, and to follow and followers of rebel leader is often interdependent. Bigots bunching up, and pushing into the leader of the rebel groups need to lead them, a clear way forward together. P287
25: In the foregoing, we have repeatedly hinted an impact of social media is particularly harmful is that it is the carrier and the channels of communication of false information and wrong information, it would disrupt any process of rational society with System 2 egoistic herd related to learning . Social media and can be effectively induced in response to system 1 and the collective thinking inductive impulse behavior of the herd, and break the balance between the collective type and egoistic herd herd. P293
26: According to experts, the elite and the vulnerability of immigrants showed varied rather than rational manner, and the rise of extreme political positions, should be attributed in part to follow public opinion emotional, rather than a strong tendency to focus on the facts themselves. Social media is almost in order to cater to this fast, instinctive and irrational behavior tailored. P294
The End
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