Recently, due to study reasons, I need to set up the computer as a dual system and install the Ubuntu operating system on the Windows 10 system. At first, there were a lot of related installation tutorials on the Internet, and I thought it would be relatively simple. However, I went through five levels and defeated six generals. I was confused and confused. After struggling for a long time, the installation was completed.
Here, the system installation process of Ubuntu20.04 is summarized and recorded for application.
Tools to prepare:
- A USB flash drive is used to make a boot disk, preferably larger than 8g, although in fact such a large space is not needed. At the same time, if there are files in the USB flash drive, be sure to transfer the files and back them up first;
- UltraISO floppy disk startup creation tool;
1. Download and install the image
To install the Ubuntu system, first you need to prepare the corresponding installation image.
First, open the Ubuntu official website. Enterprise Open Source and Linux | Ubuntu
Click "Get Ubuntu 20.10" on the page.
Because you are installing an operating system rather than a virtual machine, just click "Ubuntu Desktop".
Then click "Download" to get an "ubuntu-20.04.1-desktop-amd64.iso" image file.
The download speed of the official website may be slow, so you can also choose to enter the Tsinghua University open source software mirror station to download.
2. Make a USB boot disk
1. Download and install the UltraISO tool. After opening, the interface is as follows:
2. Click "File" ==> "Open" to enter the file selection interface and select the previously downloaded image file to open.
Ps: Because I installed version 20.04 before, the version numbers may not match, but the impact is not big.
3. After confirming that the USB disk has been inserted, click "Start" ==> "Write to Hard Drive", a write interface.
Keep the options on the interface unchanged,
Check if the hard drive is the USB flash drive you inserted,
Is the image file the image file you downloaded?
Whether the writing method is "USB-HDD+".
Please refer to the figure below for details:
After everything is ready, although formatting will also be performed when writing, it is best to click "Format" to complete it yourself to prevent possible errors during the burning process.
Ps: Reminder again, first transfer and back up all the files in the USB flash drive.
4. Finally click "Write". After waiting for the writing to complete, the contents of the USB disk have become the contents required for the boot disk.
At this point, the USB drive launcher is completed.
3. Enter the installation interface
Before entering the installation interface, be sure to disconnect the computer from the Internet and unplug the network cable.
If you are installing on this computer, you do not need to pull out the USB disk, just hold down the "shift" key to restart and enter the following interface.
In the "Use Device" column, click on your USB flash drive and wait to enter the installation interface.
If it is executed on another computer, insert the USB flash drive, restart the computer, and keep pressing the shortcut key at the same time. You can also select your own USB flash drive to enter the quick startup interface, and then pause the operation until entering the installation interface.
Some computers may display the following interface after restarting:
At this time, there is no way to operate. You need to press "Reset" or long press the power button to reset the computer.
After re-entering the quick boot interface and selecting the USB disk, press "e" on the next grub interface, and then move the cursor in the new interface Enter "nomodeset" before "quiet", pay attention to space separation, and then F10 to save.
4. Install Ubuntu
1. Enter the installation interface, first select English or Chinese interface according to your requirements, and click Continue.
2. The keyboard layout is the default.
3. Select normal installation. It is best not to check download updates and third-party software, otherwise the installation process will be very slow.
4. Select Other installation as the installation type and enter the partition interface.
5. System partition (important)
A total of 5 system partitions are divided.
1. Set up efi boot
Because it is a uefi boot from a USB disk, an efi boot item is set.
Specific parameters:
Size: 500 to 1024mb is enough
(Depending on your own storage space)
Type of new partition: Logical partition
The position of the new partition: The starting position of the space
Use: EFI system division
2.swap
Swap is used as virtual memory, which is determined based on its own physical memory.
If the physical memory is less than 8G, the swap is set to the same size as the physical memory. If it exceeds 8G, generally setting the virtual memory to 8G is enough. According to your own usage needs, you can also increase the swap size appropriately.
My computer uses two 8g memory sticks, so the size is set to 16g*1024=16384MB.
Specific parameters:
Size: (depending on its ownphysical memory)
Type of new partition: Primary partition
The position of the new partition: The starting position of the space
is used for: swap space
3. Mount point/
Mainly used to store ubuntu system files. If you have a solid state drive, you can install it in the solid state drive.
Specific parameters:
Size: 75G
(Depending on your own storage space)
Type of new partition: Logical partition
The position of the new partition: The starting position of the space
is used for: Ext4 journaling file system
挂载Point： /
4. Mount point /usr:
Store user programs. Generally, programs provided by the distribution are stored in /usr/bin. Programs installed by users are installed in /usr/local/bin by default.
Specific parameters:
Size: 180G
(Depending on your own storage space)
Type of new partition: Logical partition
The position of the new partition: The starting position of the space
is used for: Ext4 journaling file system
挂载Point： /usr
5.Mount point/home
Store user files. Try to make this partition as large as possible because I installed a mechanical disk, so I allocated 300g of storage space to it.
Specific parameters:
Size: 300G
(Depending on your own storage space)
Type of new partition: Logical partition
The position of the new partition: The starting position of the space
is used for: Ext4 journaling file system
挂载Point： /home
After the partition is completed, set and install the launcher device. Note that the efi partition just separated is selected here. It is best to check the data in the table again and again for the specific device number.
After completion, a confirmation interface will pop up to confirm again whether the partition is correct.
6. The last part
After the partitioning is completed, the installation process is basically over. In the end, only the interface for selecting the area and setting the password is left.
It is best to set the password as short and simple as possible. Because you will often need to enter the password when operating in the system terminal.
Ps: After installing the system, try not to change the password to prevent errors.
After the installation is completed, the system prompts to restart the computer. At this time, pull out the USB flash drive and press the "enter" key.
Ps: Some computers may have a black screen or colored stripes on the screen after restarting. It will be delayed. Do not go to the system interface.
This is a normal phenomenon, because after the system is installed, it does not come with a graphics card driver, so you cannot enter the login interface.