Introduction
In recent years, there have been many traffic accidents in which vehicles out of control occurred successively across the country, arousing social concern. Today, Yanzhuan brings you the "Thoughts on Key Technologies for Active Prevention and Control of Road Transportation Accidents" shared by Zhou Wei, director of the Automobile Transportation Center of the Highway Research Institute of the Ministry of Transport and a foreign academician of the Russian Academy of Engineering, at the 2023 China Road Traffic Safety and Innovation Conference. explore content.
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The State Council issued the "14th Five-Year" National Road Traffic Safety Plan, which clearly stated that the goal for the next five years is to solve the deep-seated, root-cause, and bottleneck problems that restrict road traffic safety, and will "strengthen the intrinsic safety and operation safety of vehicles" Listed as an important task to improve road traffic safety in our country. According to the "2022 Road Transportation Safety Production Analysis Report" issued by the Transportation Service Department of the Ministry of Transport, collision accidents are still the main form of road transportation safety accidents, and the number of accidents and deaths accounted for 70.5% and 68.4% of the total number of accidents, respectively. There are deficiencies in the prevention and control of road transport vehicle collision accidents.
1. Reasons affecting the intrinsic safety level of vehicles
Vehicle loss of control is an important factor leading to traffic accidents, and it is a key issue to deeply solve road traffic safety. Public opinion is highly sensitive to vehicle out-of-control accidents, which exposes two key issues that seriously affect the intrinsic safety level of vehicles: one is insufficient vehicle collision prevention and control capabilities;
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Insufficient vehicle collision prevention and control capabilities
▼ Collision prevention and control speed coverage is incomplete
There are shortcomings in the ability to prevent and control collision accidents under low-speed conditions. Collision accidents under low-speed conditions such as vehicle starting or turning right due to reasons such as vehicle blind spots and driver distraction occur from time to time, causing casualties. At present, AEBS (Emergency Brake Assist System) is well applied above 15km/h, and it can be extended to full speed application, which can effectively make up for the shortcomings of low-speed accident prevention and control capabilities.
▼ Incomplete coverage of collision prevention and control elements
AEBS has limitations in identifying traffic elements. AEBS has been able to effectively prevent collisions between vehicles and motor vehicles, and between vehicles and pedestrians. It needs to be extended to non-motor vehicles, fixed obstacles, etc., and gradually realize the collision avoidance of all traffic elements.
▼ The space-time coverage of collision prevention and control is incomplete
The ability to prevent and control collisions in bad weather and key road sections is insufficient. Rain, snow, fog, icing and other adverse weather conditions reduce visibility and seriously affect driving safety. Road sections such as sharp bends, steep slopes, tunnels, and waterfronts and cliffs have complex environments, and there are risk points where accidents occur frequently.
▼ Incomplete coverage of collision prevention and control models
There is still a lot of room for improvement in the coverage of AEBS models. First, the configuration of operating passenger cars with a vehicle length of less than 9m accounted for more than 50%, and the configuration of operating trucks with a total mass of less than 12,000kg accounted for about 70%; second, there was a problem of avoiding installation by limiting the maximum speed (such as 89km/h).
2
Lack of emergency measures for out of control
▼ The driver's misoperation caused the vehicle to lose control
One is that the driver is not familiar with the road conditions and lacks driving experience; the other is that the driver has not fully mastered intelligent vehicle control functions such as driving assistance; the third is that in an emergency, the driver panics and misuses.
▼ Sudden driving incapacity and malicious operation of the driver
The driver loses driving ability, such as the driver suddenly loses driving ability during driving due to extreme fatigue, drug effects, sudden illness, interference with driving and other reasons. Malicious operation of the driver, such as the driver's tendency to commit suicide or maliciously retaliate against society, and the vehicle is out of control caused by dangerous driving.
▼ Intelligent electric vehicle system failure
The control system of the smart electric vehicle is faulty, and the driver cannot control the vehicle according to the driving intention, which is manifested by brake failure, sudden acceleration or sudden steering.
▼ Unmanned vehicles exceed the safe use conditions
At this stage, unmanned vehicles are still in the stage of conditional autonomous driving. In the actual application process, when the unmanned vehicle is driven beyond the safe use conditions, it will cause the vehicle to lose control and even cause a vehicle accident.
2. Countermeasures to improve the level of vehicle safety
1
Vehicle "three fusion" automatic emergency braking technology
Refers to the fusion of sensory information outside the vehicle, information fusion inside the vehicle, and vehicle-road coordination information fusion, supporting accident prevention and control in all working conditions, all elements, and all time and space.
2
Vehicle one-button emergency braking technology
The severity of injuries caused by traffic accidents is closely related to the speed of vehicles, and reducing the speed of vehicles can effectively avoid or reduce the loss of out-of-control accidents. Therefore, regardless of whether it is a manned vehicle or an unmanned vehicle, in any case where the vehicle is out of control, braking immediately to stop is the safest and most effective emergency response strategy.
The vehicle one-button emergency braking system has the highest priority independent braking control authority. When the vehicle is at risk of losing control, the vehicle braking function can be triggered simply and quickly through manual buttons. At present, the one-button emergency braking function is maturely applied in rail transit, engineering operations and other equipment, and has been configured and installed on some self-driving cars.
3. Suggestions and prospects for future work
1
Strengthen the application of automatic emergency braking technology
▼ Promote the application of "three-integration" technology. Promote the development and application of outside-vehicle perception information fusion technology, AEBS in-vehicle information fusion technology, and vehicle-road collaborative information fusion technology.
▼ Revised JT/T 1242, JT/T 1094, JT/T 1178.1, JT/T 1178.2. Requirements such as perception performance, start-up speed, vehicle-road coordination, and test functions are updated, and the application of AEBS to all models is comprehensively promoted in stages.
▼ Strengthen publicity, education, use and management. Strengthen publicity to increase social recognition of AEBS technology; focus on education and training to improve drivers' awareness and adaptability of AEBS functions; strengthen use management and standardize the daily and regular inspection and maintenance of AEBS.
2
Accelerate the application of one-button emergency braking technology
▼ Promote technical standardization. Accelerate the establishment of technical standards for vehicle one-button emergency braking, and incorporate relevant technical standards into the vehicle safety technical standard system such as GB 7258-2017.
▼ Promote the loading application in stages. Incorporate the vehicle one-button emergency braking standard into the road transport vehicle technology management system, determine the principle of priority promotion, and scientifically promote the application of technology in a classified and phased manner. It is recommended to take the lead in promoting the application on road transport vehicles with high driving intensity, high degree of vehicle intelligence, and accidents that are likely to cause mass casualties and injuries, and gradually expand it to all models as a standard feature of automobiles.
▼ Strengthen publicity and education on usage management . Pay attention to the warning education of vehicle out-of-control accidents, and further improve the awareness of the prevention and control of out-of-control accidents among the people in the vehicle; formulate the specifications for the use of vehicle one-button emergency braking technology, and clarify the principles and methods for different personnel to reasonably use the vehicle one-button emergency braking function, Guide personnel to take correct emergency measures when the vehicle is out of control, and improve the effectiveness of technology applications.
(Text/Zhou Wei, director of the Automobile Transportation Center of the Highway Research Institute of the Ministry of Transport and foreign academician of the Russian Academy of Engineering)
Editor | Zhang Yifei Gao Haiyan
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