2017 "Introduction to the Basic Principles of Marxism" Practice (Single Choice Questions)
1. Multiple choice questions (100 questions in total)
1. Marxism is (A)
A．The system of basic theories, basic viewpoints and doctrines established by Marx and Engels, including Marxism, which is constantly being developed by its successors in practice.
B．The theoretical system of philosophy and political economy founded by Marx and Engels.
C．The theoretical system of scientific socialism and political economy founded by Marx and Engels.
D．The theoretical system of political economy and philosophy founded by Marx and Engels.
2. An important symbol of the formation of Marxism is (B)
A．Publication of The German Ideology b. Publication of the Communist Manifesto
C．The publication of Das Kapital D. Publication of Anti-Dühring
3. The most fundamental world outlook and methodology of Marxism is (C)
A．scientific socialism b. political economy theory
C．Dialectical materialism and historical materialism D. class struggle theory
4. The major historical events that contributed to the spread of Marxism-Leninism in China were (B)
A．The Revolution of 1911 b. October Revolution c. The May Fourth Movement D．Communist Party of China Founded
5. The most distinctive political position of Marxism is (D)
A．To overthrow the capitalist system b. Establish a dictatorship of the proletariat C. achieve communism
D．Committed to realizing the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people with the working people as the main body
6. The direct theoretical source of Marxist philosophy is (C)
A．British classical political economy b. French Utopian Socialism
C．German classical philosophy D. French philosophy
7. Among the essential attributes of Marxism , the most important one is its ( D )
A．Hierarchy b. Revolutionary C．practical D. scientific
8. The most important theoretical quality of Marxism is (B)
A．Letting go of the old and bringing in the new B. keep pace with the times
C．scientific rigor d. serve the people
9. Marxist philosophy holds that the only properties of matter are: ( D )
A．Existence B. _ exercise C. _ Structural D．objective reality
10. The decisive link for the generation of consciousness is: ( D )
A. The evolution of the human brain B. The production of language C. The formation of the animal mind D. Labor
11. "ideal things are nothing but material things that have been transferred into and transformed in the human brain . " This point of view shows that ( B )
A. Consciousness is a unique substance in the human brain B. Consciousness is a subjective image of the objective world
C. The human brain is the source of consciousness D. Consciousness is the objective reflection of the subjective world
12. The only constant in the world is change , which means ( C )
A. Movement is the origin of the world B. There is only movement in the world, there is no stillness
C. Movement is absolute and stillness is relative D. Movement and stillness are absolutely opposite
13. Social life is essentially ( C )
A. Material B. Sports C. Practice D. Spiritual
14. The general characteristics of materialist dialectics are (B)
A. Commonality and individuality perspectives B. Linkage and developmental perspectives
C. The view of unity of opposites D. The view of finite and infinite
15. "If the nails are missing, the shoe will fall; if the shoe is falling, the horse will fall; if the horse falls, the knight will die; if the knight will die, the battle will break; if the battle will break, the country will perish" The philosophy revealed by this ballad is: ( A )
A. Things are universally connected B. Things are the accumulation of chance
C. Things are qualitative changes D. The essence of things is expressed through phenomena
16. "Everything is transferred by time, place and condition", this point of view is: ( C )
A. Mechanical determinism view B. Metaphysical view
C. Materialist dialectical viewpoint D. Idealist dialectical viewpoint
17. The philosophical basis of the theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics is: (A)
A. The relationship between the universality and particularity of contradictions B. The relationship between the identity and struggle of contradictions
C. The relationship between form and content D. The relationship between essence and phenomenon
18. The signs that distinguish the quantitative and qualitative changes in the development process of things are: ( D )
A. Is the development and change of things rapid? B. The critical point of material change
C. Whether the development of things is significant D. Whether the changes of things exceed the range of "degree"
19. The "sublation" mentioned in dialectics refers to: (D)
A. Overcoming and abandoning B. Pure affirmation
C. Pure negation D. Both overcome and retain
20. The two viewpoints of "one cannot step into the same river twice" and "one cannot step into the same river once" ( C )
A．are the same, but with different emphasis B. The former is metaphysics, the latter is dialectics
C．The former is dialectics, the latter is sophism D. Both are dialectics, the latter being a development of the former
21. Xunzi said, "If you don't accumulate steps, you can't reach thousands of miles; if you don't accumulate small streams, you can't form rivers." This shows that (A)
A．Quantitative change is a preparation for qualitative change B. Qualitative change is the inevitable result of quantitative change
C．Quantitative change and qualitative change include each other D. Quantitative change and qualitative change interpenetrate
22. The sign that distinguishes new things from old things lies in looking at them (B)
A．Did it appear under new historical conditions? B. Is it in line with the law of development of things?
C．Does it have new forms and features D. Is it recognized by the majority of people?
23. Which of the following phenomena does not belong to the qualitative change caused by the quantitative change (C)
A．The nine-story platform rises from the base of soil B. The tree of the embrace is born at the end of the millet
C．Refers to a deer as a horse D. Chicks hatch from eggs at a certain temperature
24. The criterion for dividing historical materialism and historical idealism lies in whether to recognize (C)
A．The role of the individual in history b. The class struggle will inevitably lead to the dictatorship of the proletariat
C．Social existence determines social consciousness D. The role of human consciousness in social life
25. On the issue of population, historical materialism advocates (D)
A．Unconditionally reduce the population B. Efforts to keep population growth low
C．Rewards population growth D. Balance population growth with material production
26. The leading factor among the factors of productivity is (C)
A．Labor object b. labor data c. laborer d. labor tool
27. Among the contents of production relations, the most important and dominant one is (A)
A．Ownership of the means of production B. The position and role of people in production
C．Product distribution and consumption relationships D. The exchange relationship between people in production
28. In a class society, the most fundamental means and way to resolve basic social contradictions is (B)
A．Develop productivity b. Make a social revolution c. Carry out a technological revolution d. make a political revolution
29. From the perspective of the subject of consciousness, social consciousness can be divided into (A)
A．Individual consciousness and group consciousness b. advanced consciousness and backward consciousness
C．Forms of social psychology and social awareness D. Non-superstructural social consciousness and superstructural social consciousness
30. The relative independence of social consciousness tells us (C)
A．Backward social consciousness disappears with the destruction of its material basis
B．Backward social consciousness will be wiped out before its material base is wiped out
C．Backward social consciousness will exist for a period of time after its material foundation is eliminated, but it cannot exist forever
D．Backward social consciousness will continue to exist forever after its material basis has been wiped out
31. The role of population factors in social development is expressed as (D)
A．Determine the nature of social institutions B. Determine the basic direction of social development
C．Decide whether the country is rich or poor D. Restrict and influence the development of society
32. The independent entity factor in productivity refers to (B)
A．Economic management, division of labor and cooperation, forecasting and decision-making B. laborer, means of labor, object of labor
C．Basic science, technical science, applied science D. education, culture, health
33. The nature of superstructure reaction depends on (C)
A．Does it fit the economic base B. Is it suitable for all production relations
C．Does the economic base it serves promote the development of productive forces D. Whether it can directly promote the development of productivity
34. The basic driving force for the development of human society is (D)
A．class struggle b. reform and opening up c. scientific and technological revolution d. basic social contradictions
35. On the question of whether individuals or the masses are the creators of history, the fundamental mistake of historical idealism lies in ( C )
A．Acknowledging the role of the intellectual motives of great men in the development of history
B．Acknowledging the role of political power and violence in historical development
C．Denying the decisive role of the masses in promoting historical development
D．Deny that heroes and masses make history together
36. The objective basis for distinguishing the nature of different social and economic structures is (A)
A．The nature of the relations of production b. The nature of the superstructure
C．The class in power d. The degree to which productive forces and relations of production are united
37. Under the capitalist system, the relationship between capitalists and laborers is (D)
A. A relationship of equality and mutual benefit B. A relationship of mutual benefit
C. The relationship in which labor employs capital D. The relationship in which capital employs labor
38. The main aspects of the capitalist production process are (B)
A. Labor process B. Value appreciation process C. Value formation process D. Value realization process
39. The essence of capitalist production is (C)
A. Socialized mass production B. Internationalized mass production C. Surplus value production D. Modern commodity production
40. The periodic material basis of capitalist reproduction is (C)
A. Production of material materials B. Socialization of production C. Renewal of fixed capital D. Capitalist private ownership
41. The basic contradiction of commodity economy based on private ownership is (C)
A. The contradiction between use value and value B. The contradiction between concrete labor and abstract labor
C. The contradiction between private labor and social labor D. The contradiction between mental labor and manual labor
42. The relative surplus value obtained by capitalists is (D)
A. Consequence of absolute lengthening of the working day B. Consequence of worker wages below the value of labor power
C. The result of an oversupply of labor D. The result of technological progress and increased productivity
43. The essence of capitalist wages is (C)
A. The value or price of labor B. The value or price of abstract labor
C. The value or price of labor D. The value or price of mental work
44. The primary feature of the capitalist democratic system is (A)
A. Parliamentary system B. Separation of powers C. Two-party or multi-party system D. Universal suffrage
45. The sign of the end of the post-war bipolar world is (B)
A．Upheaval in Eastern Europe B. The collapse of the Soviet Union c. China's strength D. Rise of the third world
46. Which of the following statements about the law of value is incorrect (C)
A. It is a law that works in several societies B. It is a basic law of commodity economy
C. It is a unique economic law of capitalism D. It also works in the primary stage of socialism
47. Absolute surplus value production and relative surplus value production both rely on (D)
A. obtained by prolonging the working day B. obtained by increasing labor productivity
C. What is obtained by reducing the necessary labor time of workers D. What is obtained by increasing the surplus labor time of workers
48. Capital turnover speed (B)
A. Proportional to turnaround time and inversely proportional to turnaround times B. Inversely proportional to turnaround time and directly proportional to turnaround times
C. It is directly proportional to both the turnaround time and the number of turns D. It is inversely proportional to both the turnaround time and the number of turns
49. Excess profit reflects (B)
A. The relationship between different departments B. The relationship between different enterprises within the same department
C. The relationship between industrial capital and commercial capital D. The relationship between capital ownership and use rights
50. Commercial capital implements (C) in the movement of industrial capital
A. money capital function B. productive capital function C. commodity capital function D. working capital function
51. The emergence of state monopoly capitalism is fundamentally (D)
A．The result of competition in the domestic market B. The result of intensified international competition
C．The result of strengthening monopoly rule D. Result of the development of contradictions between the socialization of production and capitalist private property
52. The main form of contemporary capitalist international monopoly organization is (C)
A．international cartel b. Mixed joint company C. multinational corporation d. International Concern
53. Financial capital is composed of (C)
A．Formed by the fusion or mixed growth of industrial capital and commercial capital
B．Formed by the fusion or mixed growth of banking capital and industrial capital
C．Monopoly banking capital and monopoly industrial capital are fused or mixed
D．Formed by the fusion or mixed growth of monopoly bank capital and bank capital
54. On the relationship between money and capital, the correct conclusion is ( D)
A．Money itself is capital b. Any amount of currency can become capital
C．All money used to buy means of production is capital D. Only money that can increase its own value is capital
55. Capitalism has entered the monopoly stage from the stage of free competition. The most fundamental sign is (A)
A．Monopoly instead of free competition rules in economic life
B．Capital export replaces commodity export to dominate economic life
C．Bank capital instead of industrial capital dominates economic life
D．State monopoly instead of private monopoly dominates economic life
56. The development of state monopoly capitalism (B)
A．Changes the capitalist nature of the economy B. in the interests of monopoly capitalists as a whole
C．Represents the interests of individual capitalists D. Eliminates the foundations of private monopoly capitalism
57. State monopoly capitalism is (C)
A．Monopoly Capitalism to Eliminate Production Anarchy
B．Monopoly capitalism in which the bourgeois state is separated from monopoly capital
C．Monopoly capitalism in which the bourgeois state merges with monopoly capital
D．Monopoly Capitalism with Socialist Elements
58. The macro-management and regulation of state monopoly capitalism embodies (C)
A．The economic interests of all working people B. Economic interests of individual financial oligarchs
C．The overall interests of the monopoly capitalist class D. Economic interests of state-owned enterprises
59. Financial oligarchs in monopoly capitalist countries rule economically mainly by means of (D)
A．"Agency system" b. "Personal association" c. "Consolidation" d. "Participation"
60. The essence of economic globalization determines that its development must be (B)
A．Good for all countries B. in favor of developed capitalist countries
C．benefit developing countries d. beneficial to socialist countries
61. The historical trend of the development of capitalism is (D)
A．Planned economy replaces market economy B. Market economy replaced planned economy
C．A planned economy replaces a commodity economy D. Socialist public ownership replaces capitalist private ownership
62. State monopoly capitalism has prepared material conditions for the transition to socialism (A)
A．Comprehensive socialization b. comprehensive commercialization
C．full marketization d. comprehensive modernization
63. The intervention of state monopoly capitalism in the economy (D)
A．Fundamentally solve the class contradictions in monopoly capitalist countries B. Changed the nature of capitalist private ownership
C．Aligning the interests of the bourgeoisie and the working class D. Does not change the exploited status of workers
64. The highest form of state monopoly capitalism is (A)
A．State-owned enterprises b. State and private joint ventures
C．State-private partnership D. Macro-regulation and micro-regulation
65. Historical materialism and the theory of surplus value are (B)
A．The direct theoretical source of scientific socialism B. It is the theoretical basis for the establishment of scientific socialism
C．Theoretical sources of Marxist political economy D. It is the core content of the theory of the proletarian party
66. Lenin’s major contribution to Marxist theory lies in his proposition (C)
A．The theory that the socialist revolution will first occur simultaneously in the capitalist developed countries
B．The theory that the socialist revolution will triumph in the most economically and culturally backward countries
C．The theory that a socialist revolution will be victorious first in one or more countries
D．Theory on Socialist Reform
67. The essence of the dictatorship of the proletariat is (B)
A．The proletariat controls the means of production b. The proletariat as the ruling class takes power
C．Participation of the proletariat in material productive labor D. The proletariat manages social public affairs
68. The ultimate goal of the dictatorship of the proletariat is (C)
A．Establish public ownership of the means of production B. develop social productivity
C．Eliminate exploitation, eliminate classes, and enter a classless society D. Dictatorship over the enemy
69. The essence and core of socialist democracy lies in (A)
A．The people are the masters of the country B. Dictatorship over the enemy
C．Comprehensively transform the old society and develop social productivity D. Defend the nascent socialist system
70. The most important feature of socialism is (A)
A．Public ownership as the main body and realization of common prosperity
B．Guided by Marxism, Vigorously Develop Socialist Culture
C．The distribution system of "from each according to his ability, to each according to his work" shall be implemented for personal consumer goods
D．Develop socialist democratic politics and build socialist political civilization
71. The philosophical theoretical basis of the Party's mass line work method of "coming from the masses, going to the masses" is (D)
A．Matter determines the principle of consciousness B. The principle that contradiction promotes the development of things
C．Recognize the principles of motility D. Recognize the principles of dialectical motion process
72. The method of relative surplus value production is (A)
A．Shorten the necessary working hours b. Extend the necessary working hours
C．Increase the length of the working day d. shorten the length of the working day
73. The rate of residual value reflects ( D )
A．The degree of growth in the value of constant capital B. How profitable capitalists are
C．The degree of appreciation in the value of fixed capital D. The extent to which capitalists exploit workers
74. The development of capitalism has gone through two stages (A) and the stage of monopoly capitalism.
A．The stage of free competition capitalism b. stage of market competition capitalism
C．The stage of private monopoly capitalism D. state monopoly capitalism
75. The theoretical basis for the establishment of scientific socialism is (C)
A．utopian socialism b. German classical philosophy
C．Historical materialism and the theory of surplus value D. British Classical Political Economy
76. The report of the Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out: "To build a well-off society in an all-round way and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, it is necessary to promote the great development and prosperity of socialist culture, raise a new upsurge in socialist cultural construction, improve the country's cultural soft power, and give full play to culture to lead fashion. , educate the people, serve the society, and promote development.” This is because (B)
A．The development of social consciousness and social existence is unbalanced
B．Social consciousness has a dynamic counteraction to social being
C．The active role of social consciousness on social existence is reflected through culture
D．Advanced social consciousness is advanced culture
77. The duality of labor in producing commodities refers to (D)
A．individual labor, abstract labor b. general work, specific work
C．Social labor, abstract labor D. abstract labor, concrete labor
78. In terms of the relationship between freedom and necessity, Marxist philosophy believes that freedom refers to (C)
A．People make history according to their own will b. creative activity free from inevitability
C．Understanding of Objective Inevitability and Transformation of the Objective World
D．Engage in activities to transform the world according to plans made by people together
79. The function of the law of value is through (A)
A．The realization of price mechanism, supply and demand mechanism and competition mechanism B. competition among producers
C．Competition among consumers is achieved D. competition between producers and consumers
80. The factors that play a decisive role in social development are (C)
A．geographical environment b. Demographic factors c. mode of productionD . material living conditions
81. In social life, the function of the superstructure on social development depends on (C)
A．Class attributes of state power B. The nature of social ideology
C．The nature of the economic base it serves D. The nature of social productive forces
82. The source of social spiritual wealth is (D)
A．The objective material world B. The Collective Intelligence of Brain Workers
C．The creative thinking of thinkers D. The social practice of the masses
83. In the primary stage of socialism in our country, the basic economic system with public ownership as the main body and the common development of various ownership economies has been implemented, which has promoted the development of productive forces. It shows that the implementation of this system follows (A)
A．Productivity determines the principle of production relations B. The principle that the economic base determines the superstructure
C．The principle by which social existence determines social consciousness D. The Principle of Economic System Determines the State of Productivity
84. The deepest root of social revolution lies in (A)
A．Sharpening of basic social contradictions B. The contradiction between the exploiting class and the exploited class
C．Contradictions between the masses of the people and various hostile elements D. The tension between large populations and poor resources
85. The decisive condition for the emergence and existence of commodity economy is (C)
A．social division of labor b. the advent of the machine
C．Means of production and products belong to different owners D. use of currency
86. The order of the four stages in the development of value forms is ( D )
A．simple or accidental value-form, aggregated or expanded value-form, money-form, general value-form
B．Aggregate or expanded value-form, simple or contingent value-form, money-form, general value-form
C．Form of money, form of aggregate or magnified value, form of value in general, simple or accidental form of value
D．simple or accidental form of value, aggregated or expanded form of value, general form of value, money form
87. The residual value comes from (C)
A．unequal exchange b. Deductions from workers' wages C. Workers' surplus labor D. value of labor
88. The basic contradiction of capitalism is ( D )
A．Conflict between production and demand b. The contradiction between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie;
C．The contradiction between productivity and superstructure D. The contradiction between socialization of production and capitalist private ownership of the means of production
89. The total formula of capital is ( D )
A．G----G B．W----G----W C．G----W----G D．G----W----G’
90. During the period of monopoly capitalism, the capital occupying a monopoly position is (C)
A．industrial capital b. bank capital c. financial capital d. business capital
91. Marx said: "The activities of spiders are similar to those of weavers, and the ability of bees to build hives makes many architects in the world feel ashamed. However, the worst architects are better than dexterous bees from the beginning. It was he who built the hive in his own mind before he built it with beeswax", this passage shows: ( C )
A. Animals, like human beings, have subjective initiative and can change the world B. The activities of animals are instinctive
C. Human practice is a conscious and purposeful activity D. Human consciousness is not as good as animal instinct
92. "Once there is a technical need in society, this need will push science forward more than ten universities." This shows (C)
A. Practice is the source of knowledge B. Technology promotes the development of science
C. Practice is the driving force for the development of knowledge D. Scientific progress is the purpose of practice
93. "If you listen to their words, you must blame them for their actions, and if you observe their actions, you must seek their merits." ( B )
A. Emphasize the decisive role of understanding on practice B. Emphasize the testing role of practice on understanding
C. Think that knowledge can be divorced from practice D. Think that practice can be separated from knowledge
94. Among the following statements, the principle of particularity of contradiction cannot be reflected: (D)
A. Prescribe the right medicine and tailor the clothes to suit the individual B. Adapt measures to local conditions and teach students in accordance with their aptitude
C. A key can open a lock D. Know yourself and your enemy, and you will win every battle
95. "Steam, electricity, and automatic spinning machines are even more dangerous revolutionaries than the citizens of Barbes, Raspelle, and Blanqui." The meaning of this argument is (B)
A. Technological revolution is a great threat to the ruling class B. Technological revolution leads to socio-political revolution
C. The misuse of the achievements of the technological revolution will cause "danger" to human beings
D. The scientific and technological revolution has a direct decisive effect on the transformation of the social system
96. "Facts have eloquently proved that reform and opening up is a key choice that determines the destiny of contemporary China, and is the only way to develop socialism with Chinese characteristics and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation; ...Only reform and opening up can develop China , socialism, and Marxism. ” which shows that (C)
A. Reform is the ultimate driving force for the development of socialist society B. Reform is only an important driving force for promoting the development of socialist society
C. Reform is of great significance to the development of a socialist society
D. All the achievements of socialist China are due to reforms
97. Which of the following statements about Marx's labor theory of value is correct ( C )
① It is the criticism, inheritance and development of the labor theory of value in classical political economics
② It is the basis of the theory of surplus value ③ It is the theory of studying the distribution of value
④ Laid a theoretical foundation for revealing the essence of the capitalist mode of production
A.①②③ B.②③④ C.①②④ D.①③④
98. A complete cognition process is ( B )
A．Perceptual knowledge—rational knowledge—perceptual knowledge B. Practice—Know—Practice
C．Concept—judgment—reasoning D. Sensation - Perception - Representation
99. Which of the following phenomena does not belong to the basic characteristics of a communist society (B)
A．Social wealth is extremely rich, and consumer goods are distributed according to needs
B．Social wealth is extremely rich, and consumer goods are distributed according to work
C．The social relationship is highly harmonious, and people's spiritual realm is greatly improved
D．Free and comprehensive development of each individual
100. The reason why there must be diversity if it does not belong to the road of socialist development is (C )
A．The development of productive forces and the stages of social development in each socialist country are different
B．There are differences in the historical and cultural traditions of various socialist countries
C．The guiding ideology of each socialist country is different
D．The continuous advancement of the times and the continuous development of practice
2017 "Introduction to the Basic Principles of Marxism" Practice (Judgment Questions)
2. True or False Questions (50 questions in total)
1. The theoretical basis for guiding China's socialist construction is Marxism founded by Marx and Engels. ( × )
2. The transformation of socialism from utopia to science has epoch-making significance in the history of human thought . ( √ )
3. Philosophy is the science of science. ( × )
4. The economic base is the ultimate decisive force for social development. ( × )
5. Subject and object are subjective and objective. ( × )
6. Economically backward countries can still play first fiddle philosophically. (√)
7. Social consciousness belongs to the ideological superstructure. ( × )
8. The most basic function of currency is the measure of value and means of circulation. (√)
9. Improving labor productivity can increase the use value and value per unit time. ( × )
10. Utilizing the role of the law of value can automatically realize the optimal allocation of resources. ( × )
11. Capital is not a thing, but a social relationship between people with things as the medium. (√)
12. The research issues of capital circulation and turnover are the same. ( × )
13. Monopoly capitalism is dominated by financial capital. (√)
14. Human thinking is both supreme and non-supreme . (√)
15. Time is like a uniform flow, space is like a big box, and the characteristics of time and space are eternal. ( × )
16. Scattered and accidental phenomena do not reflect the essence of things. ( × )
17. Matter is not the product of spirit, but spirit is the highest product of matter. (√)
18. When classic Marxist writers look forward to the future society, they not only base themselves on revealing the general characteristics of the future society, but also describe the details of the future society in detail. ( × )
19. Marxist political economy is the inheritance of British classical political economy. ( × )
20. On the issue of the unity of the world, dualism is wrong and monism is correct. ( × )
21. What most people in society recognize must be the truth. ( × )
22. "The benevolent sees benevolence, and the wise sees wisdom" is a denial of objective truth. ( × )
23. The law of contradiction is the essence and core of materialist dialectics . ( √ )
24. Materialism recognizes that social existence determines social consciousness. ( × )
25. Productivity can develop by leaps and bounds. (√)
26. Class struggle is the direct driving force for the development of class society. (√)
27. In the era of knowledge economy, the growth of value is not through labor, but through knowledge. ( × )
28. Labor is the source of all wealth and culture. ( × )
29. The generation of surplus value is neither in the field of circulation, nor can it be separated from the field of circulation. (√)
30. Monopoly prices are set by monopoly capitalists by virtue of their monopoly position, thus negating the law of value. ( × )
31. The value composition of capital determines the technical composition of capital. ( × )
32. History determines logic, and logic "corrects" history . (√)
33. Economic globalization is an irreversible objective historical process. (√)
34. Lenin's major contribution to the theory of socialist revolution is that he put forward the theory that the socialist revolution can win first in countries with relatively backward economy and culture. (√)
35. Marxism serves all mankind. ( × )
36. Democratic socialism is a special model of socialism, and China can experiment in some areas . ( × )
37. Dialectics and metaphysics are two basic schools of philosophy. ( × )
38. Identity and struggle are the two basic attributes of contradiction, both of which exist unconditionally and are absolute. ( × )
39. All history is the history of thought . ( × )
40. The epistemological difference between old materialism and dialectical materialism is whether to admit that the world is knowable. ( × )
41. Movement and development are the general characteristics of materialist dialectics . ( × )
42. The history of labor development is the "key" to understand the entire history of social development. (√)
43. People and heroes create history together. ( × )
44. The value of commodities has two sources, namely, the value of means of production and labor power. ( × )
45. The use value of labor force is the source of its value, and it is a source greater than its own value. (√)
46. What is useful is the truth. ( × )
47. The replacement of capitalism by socialism is a historical necessity, so there can be no repetition . ( × )
48. The common point of absolute surplus value production and relative surplus value production is that both prolong workers' surplus labor time . (√)
49. Phenomena express the essence, so illusions also express the essence of things . (√)
50. The kingdom of freedom can only be truly realized in a communist society . (√)
2017 "Introduction to the Basic Principles of Marxism" exercises ( thinking questions) (The yellow ones are the questions that the teacher said.)
3. Thinking questions
▲ 1. How to understand the relationship between the proletariat and philosophy?
Answer: The proletariat is the material force to realize the liberation of all mankind, and advanced theories are the spiritual weapons for human liberation. Therefore, the proletariat must master philosophy as a spiritual weapon in order to realize the historical mission of the liberation of all mankind. Philosophy can only be mastered by the proletariat , in order to become a real material power! Therefore, for Marxism to play its role, it must rely on the revolutionary practice of the proletariat. This is what is meant by physical weapons. But at the same time, Marxism is the world outlook and methodology of the proletariat, it serves the proletariat, and it is the guide for proletarian revolutionary actions. This is the meaning of spiritual weapons. From the perspective of epistemology: theory can only play its important role when it comes back to practice. Theories must be mastered by the masses before they can be turned into material power to transform the world, and the transformation of reality by the masses requires scientific theories and philosophies as guidance.
2. How to understand the quantitative change, qualitative change, and dialectical relationship of things?
Answer: Quantitative change is the increase or decrease of the number of things and the change of order. It is an insignificant change that maintains the relative stability of the quality of things, and reflects the continuity of the gradual process of things. Qualitative change is a fundamental change in the nature of things. The leap from a qualitative state to another qualitative state reflects the gradual process and interruption of continuity of things.
The dialectical relationship between quantitative change and qualitative change is: (1) Quantitative change is the necessary preparation for qualitative change.
(2) Qualitative change is the inevitable result of quantitative change.
(3) Quantitative change and qualitative change are interpenetrating.
▲3. What is the nature of the contradiction? How to understand the relationship between the identity and struggle of contradictions?
Answer: The essence of contradiction: Contradiction is a philosophical category that reflects the unity of opposites within and between things.
The identity of contradiction and the relationship of struggle: the relationship between the identity of contradiction and struggle is the relationship of the unity of opposites: the identity of contradiction and the struggle of contradiction are interconnected and complementary, without struggle there is no identity, without identity Sex also has no struggle, and struggle resides in identity. The identity and struggle of contradictions are combined and work together in the development of things, but under different conditions, the status of the two will be different.
▲4. The relationship between the universality and particularity of contradiction?
Answer: The universality of contradictions means that there are contradictions in everything and from time to time. The particularity of contradiction means that the contradictions of various things have their own characteristics or individuality. The relationship between the universality and particularity of contradictions is a relationship of dialectical unity. Specifically, the relationship between them includes: ①The two are interrelated, the commonality resides in the individuality, and the individuality is the expression of the commonality;
②The two are different from each other, the commonality is unconditional and absolute, while the individuality is conditional and relative;
③ The two transform into each other under certain conditions.
▲5. How to understand the dialectical process of cognition?
Answer: (1) Practice determines knowledge, and practice is the foundation of knowledge: practice is the source of knowledge, the driving force for the development of knowledge, the purpose of knowledge, and the only criterion for testing the truth of knowledge.
(2) Movement process: practice, understanding. Practice again, understanding again. The cycle goes on and on to infinity.
▲6. How to uphold and develop Marxism in practice?
Answer: (1) The absoluteness and relativity of truth are dialectically unified, and the two are interdependent and contain each other.
(2) Grasping the principle of the unity of absoluteness and relativity of truth is of great significance for us to uphold and develop Marxism. (3) Because of the relativity of Marxism, we must persist in taking Marx as our guiding ideology; because of the relativity of Marxism, we must persist in enriching and developing Marxism in practice.
7. How to understand the law of value and its manifestations, functions and consequences?
Answer: The law of value: It is the basic law of commodity production and commodity exchange.
The basic content of the law of value: ① Commodity production should follow that the value of the commodity is determined by the socially necessary labor time for producing the commodity. ② Commodity exchange should follow the principle of equivalent exchange—based on the amount of value, implement equivalent exchange. The expression of the law of value: Prices are affected by supply and demand and fluctuate around value. The role of the law of value: (1) Spontaneously adjust the distribution ratio of production materials and labor in various sectors of social production (2) Spontaneously stimulate the development of commodity productivity. (3) Spontaneously adjust society distribution of income
Consequences: (1) lead to waste of social resources (2) lead to polarization (3) hinder technological progress
8. Briefly describe the principle of the dialectical relationship between productivity and production relations?
Answer: (1) Productivity determines the relationship of production: ① The status of productivity determines the nature of the relationship of production. ② The development of productive forces determines the transformation of production relations. (2) The production relationship has a negative effect on productivity: when the production relationship is suitable for the productivity situation, it can promote the development of productivity; when the production relationship is not suitable for the productivity situation, it will hinder or even destroy the development of productivity.
9. Briefly describe the scientific connotation of the masses. Why is it said that the masses of the people are the creators of history ?
Answer: The scientific connotation of the masses: the masses are the main body of social history and the creators of history. The masses of the people are a historical category. From the perspective of life, the masses of the people refer to all the people who play a role in promoting the development of social history. From the perspective of quantity, the masses of the people refer to the vast majority of the social population.
The reasons why the people are the creators of history: ①The people are the creators of social material wealth. ②The people are the creators of social spiritual wealth. ③The people are the decisive force for social change.
▲10. How to understand commodity production in a socialist market economy?
Answer: (1) Commodity production is not the criterion for dividing socialism and capitalism, and it is not the basic difference between the two. It can serve both capitalism and socialism.
(2) Socialism can supplement the shortage of self-sufficiency production through the development of commodity production, and can increase the wage income of laborers through commodity production and the development of productive forces, so that their material life needs can be satisfied to a certain extent. (3) The law of value still plays a role in socialist commodity production, and commodity production can satisfy people's material needs
▲11. Briefly describe the role of science and technology in social development?
Answer: 1. The scientific and technological revolution promotes the transformation of the mode of production: (1) It changes the constituent elements of social productivity;
(2) Changed people's labor forms; (3) Changed the socio-economic structure, especially leading to changes in the industrial structure. 2. It has had a huge impact on the way of life.
3. Promoted the transformation of the way of thinking.
12. How to understand that economic globalization is a double-edged sword?
Answer: Pros: In the process of economic globalization, social division of labor can be carried out on a larger scale, and production factors such as capital and technology can flow and be allocated in the international community, which will bring huge benefits of division of labor and promote the growth of world productivity. develop. Disadvantages: (1) The gap between developed and developing countries is widening
(2) Neglecting social progress, environmental degradation and economic globalization may occur simultaneously.
(3) Governance crises to varying degrees have emerged both within countries and in the international community
(4) An effective global economic coordination mechanism has not been established, making the outbreak of the global economic crisis inevitable.
13. How to understand the diversity of socialist development paths ?
Answer: 1. Reasons for the diversity of socialist development paths
(1) The development of productive forces in various countries is the economic reason for the diversity of socialist development paths
(2) The differences in the historical and cultural traditions of various countries are the historical reasons for the diversity of socialist development paths
(3) The continuous development of the times is the realistic reason for the diversity of socialist development paths
2. Efforts should be made to explore a socialist development path suitable for the national conditions of the country.
14. How to understand the relationship between the kingdom of necessity and the kingdom of freedom?
Answer: Necessity and freedom are a pair of contradictory categories, and there is a relationship of unity of opposites between them. Opposite aspects: must be the objective laws and external constraints. Freedom is the mastery and application of laws by human beings, and it is the subjective self-will. The aspect of dialectical unity: It must be relative to freedom, and it is the feeling of human subjective will for the objective world. Without human subjective understanding, there is no such thing as necessity. And freedom cannot exist independently of necessity, it must be premised on necessity, and there is no freedom without necessity. Freedom is the recognition of necessity and the transformation of the objective world; recognition of necessity and striving for freedom are a historical process.
15. What are the basic characteristics of a communist society ?
Answer: First, social productive forces are highly developed and material wealth is extremely rich. Second, members of society jointly own all means of production. Third, implement the principle of each according to his ability and according to his needs. Fourth, class differences and major social differences have been completely eliminated. Fifth, all members of society have a high degree of communist consciousness and moral character. Sixth, with the complete elimination of classes and class differences, the state as a tool of class rule will completely disappear.