Windows Server 2016 Network Services (1)

• Network Basics

• IPv4 network

• TCP4 layer

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• IP address: V4 version: 32 binary numbers, each group of 8 bits, representing the identity of each computer in the network        

• 192.168.1.1             192.168.2.1

• Divided into network bits and host bits, the same network bits, different host bits can communicate        

• 5 kinds of networks are defined according to the usage environment of IP

• Divided into public IP and private IP

• Special IP : Beginning with 169 - Automatic private IP address ( IP address conflict and unable to get IP address)

•  127.0.0.1 - local loopback -Localhost

• Subnet mask: 32 binary numbers, each 8 -bit group, consists of consecutive identical 0&1 from left to right

• 192.168.1.100/30             192.168.1.1/24

• 255.255.255.252          255.255.255.0

• 11000000.10101000.00000001.01100100        

• 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111100        

• 11000000.10101000.00000001.01100100        

• 192.168.1.100

• 11000000.10101000.00000001.00000001        

• 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000        

• 11000000.10101000.00000001.00000000        

• 192.168.1.0

• The result of the " AND " operation between the subnet and the IP defines the network segment to which the IP belongs, and the IPs on the same network segment can communicate with each other.

• More network & host = subnetting can be achieved by defining subnets to help configure IP addresses

• Display mode: 255.255.255.0&/24

• Gateway ( GW )

• When IP addresses of two different networks need to communicate

• You can use a device (router & switch) with IP address forwarding , the device is configured with the desired IP address of the currently connected network

• 在不同的网络的计算机上，将能够转发IP地址设备的和当前计算机的IP地址网络匹配的IP，添加到本地计算机的“网关”的信息中

• 当本地计算机向不同网络发送数据时，首先将该数据发送给“网关”信息中的IP地址

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• DNS：域名解析

• 客户端先DNS服务器提交需要解析的域名，DNS返回客户端提交的域名的信息（IP地址）

• 客户端域名解析的顺序：本地缓存：ipconfig               /displaydns

• /flushdns

• 本地Hosts文件

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• 网卡设置中的DNS服务器的IP地址

• Get-DnsClientServerAddress            

• nslookup 通过本地计算机的DNS的IP地址，去查询DNS服务器中的信息

• set   type=A，TXT，MX 记录类型

• 设置IP地址：Get-NetIPAddress

• Set-NetIPAddress

• 常见使用工具：ipconfig，ping，tracert，telnet（需要手动安装）

• 网络信息分析工具        Microsoft Message       Analyzer（协议，报文）

• IPv6：

• 巨大的地址池：2001:DB8:0:2D4C:1CC:DD:1122:1234          建议通过DHCP分配

• IPv6安全：要求必须端到端的加密

• 典型IPv6地址：fe80开头=169开头的本地私有地址

• ：：1=127.0.0.1

• Configuration: some important servers ( DC , mail) in no IPv6 network environment, disable the IPv6 protocol

• https://github.com/bannedbook/fanqiang/wiki