If you want to design your own PCB circuit board, then you must have these conditions

Share your personal experience with friends who need it

(I have about five years of experience in electronic design. I started self-study from Xiaobai. I can't count how many circuit boards I have drawn, and I added dry goods at the end.) Personally, I think two things need to be clarified first:
1. Designing PCB is not the purpose, but It is a tool or means;
2. The best way to get started with designing PCB is to complete a board of your own, and then remember to write "Designed By XXX" on the silk screen, and the sense of accomplishment is overwhelming!

///Interlude: At the beginning of this year, I recorded a relatively systematic introductory single-chip microcomputer tutorial. If you want, you can just ask me to get it. It's free, and you can send me a private message~ Click on my avatar in black font and add 隱重呺 also I can get it///

Regarding the first item, I say this because, when you want to make a high-end toy with XX function: a remote-controlled moving car / a "signal generator" that can generate a sine wave / can convert 12V DC to 5V DC" "Transducer" / a positioning device that can identify the position of the sound source in different directions, and PCB design is essential. However, don't think that it is enough to design a PCB. There are many, many tasks to be done: theoretical framework analysis -> hardware system design, device selection, schematic design, PCB design, closing, hardware debugging - -> Mechanical structure selection, design -> software code design, debugging -> can be completed.

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So, what subjects do you need to learn to design PCB?
This problem is actually very complicated. Specifically, it depends on what you want to do, and the requirements for drawing circuit boards for different products/applications are different.

Of course, if your PCB is the smallest system of a 51 single-chip microcomputer, then, in addition to paying attention to the fact that the only high-frequency device crystal oscillator is close to the clock pin, the other places are connected to the wire, which is basically a usable board.

However, there are two directions that require high PCB design: one is the PCB with high power, such as the power electronics field; the other is the PCB with high speed, such as the signal especially the RF field. In these two fields, in addition to connecting wires, there are many advanced skills: such as how large the wire diameter should be (is the current capacity enough?), how to route the wires (90 degrees or 45 degrees), and the relationship between wires (parasitic inductance). , how much parasitic capacitance), the distance between lines (is the withstand voltage enough?), the mutual influence of the generated magnetic field/electric field, etc.), how to layout the device, how to distribute the power supply system... It's really a lot!

But at the beginning, you don't have to care about these, but if you want to concentrate on cultivating skills in this area, it is still necessary to know a little bit!

Briefly sort out:
1. Primary skills: tools + information search + basic knowledge
tool learning must be mastered, otherwise you can't start working, Altium designer is very easy to use, recommended and easy to crack.
With this software, combined with checking data (such as datasheet), you can go from knowing to being familiar with each device you need, you can make your own component library, and you can also gradually familiarize yourself with common devices (analog, digital) through this process. , connectors, etc.).

Of course, you will gradually need to know how to use an op amp, how to calculate the resistance, and how to get it. This is the knowledge of analog circuits... Or if you want to make a Buck circuit, then you need circuit knowledge... This is systematic Electronic design knowledge... You can find prototypes of knowledge from books such as "Analog Circuit Design", "Digital Circuit Design", "Circuit", "Power Electronics Technology", etc., but I still recommend that you learn and use it through practice~

2. Intermediate Skills: General Design Specifications

When you have designed ten boards, and you are always drawing boards as you like, it's not interesting. You need to know some design specs too.

For example, the analog ground and the digital ground need to be isolated, the principle of minimizing the main power loop of the power supply, the principle of the consistency of the differential signal line diameter, the power supply filter capacitor should be closest to the Vin pin, and so on.

In addition, how to make the layout more scientific, more beautiful, and less space-saving should also be a problem that you need to think about slowly.

3. Advanced skills: SI/PI/EMC... master
When I can't count the number of boards I draw, the quantity is no longer important, and the quality is very important.

For example, I may design a 220V to -48V board, which has been designed for many years, then the layout and wiring may have been deeply engraved in my mind. At this time, the question of how a certain sense line goes, It may take me a long time to analyze because it involves voltage regulation accuracy. For example, how a drive line goes may also need to be carefully studied, because it involves whether the EMC of the power supply can pass.

And masters, interconnect design experts, EMC experts, and SI/PI experts are all honed over time.

So, you can learn anything, as long as you learn it well enough.

——————I hope there are dry goods you want ————————————————————————

In fact, I am at an intermediate level in PCB design (I have drawn a lot of boards, but I am not professional). In order to allow you to gain as much as possible, combined with some of the information you have accumulated, I will share it again~

Let's go in the order above...

======Beginner ======

For beginners, in fact, I don't want to share any book, because this stage belongs to your understanding of the "PCB design" skill and the establishment of the relevant knowledge system. You don't need to read any inscrutable theories or Standard, you only need to know this/that, how to use this/that, and then complete the design of a few simple systems.

Tool usage: Take altium designer as an example, you can refer to the software's own information, in the toolbar -> Help section, you can also search while using it, except for some rare and advanced usages, generally you can basically go all the way from Baidu to the end.

Device manual: You can find it from here or the official website of the device. Datasheet search site for Electronic Components and Semiconductors and other semiconductors.

Tips: For example, TI's official website analog, semiconductor, digital signal processing -Texas Instruments, we were only used to searching the datasheet of a certain device at first. In fact, if you try to search for some keywords, you will find that in addition to products, there are also technical documents. For reference Design, forum resources, blog resources, training resources, developer wikis, etc... A lot of information, and sometimes even downloadable to a big guy's PPT~ Of course, the conditions are: first registration + this resource is open.

======Intermediate ========

At this stage, the basic operations and some foundations have been established, and the specifications are very important. Juchang has a relatively authoritative design specification that has been posted on the Internet.

1. Huawei PCB Design Specification_Graphic_Baidu Library

2. EMC Design Guidelines for Huawei PCB_Picture_Baidu Library

3. Huawei Hardware Design Specification_Baidu Library

These three materials can be described as very comprehensive and exciting, including:

1. It not only includes the industry standard PCB development process, but also lists various common Layout specifications, which can be used as a Check List to view the boards you draw.

2. It is a systematic, all-round, no-dead-angle expansion introduction version of 1 from the EMC perspective, including layout (layer design, module area layout, filter design, ground plane design, etc.), wiring (transmission line model, wiring layer, impedance control) , vias, signal quality, etc.) and many, many more…

Personally, I think it is simply a collection of sunflowers, how can it be so awesome. Even, I think 2 can actually be put into the "high-level" god to savor it carefully!

3. In fact, this should be placed before 1, or tasted at the same time. The content includes the development process of Juchang hardware, design specifications, and of course there are many typical design cases. If you don't care about its complicated process, just skip to the part you are interested in~

=======Advanced =======

Asked the next SI/PI/EMC colleague, this is really difficult. Because electric field and magnetic field are strongly coupled, nonlinear, and invisible/intangible, the theory must be clarified first, and then simulation analysis can be made, and then PCB design suggestions can be given.

A few books recommended by my colleagues (also recommended to myself):

PCB design practice:

1. "High-speed circuit design practice" Wang Jianyu [Abstract Book Review Trial Reading] book

2. "Foreign Electronics and Communication Textbook Series: Signal Integrity and Power Integrity Analysis (Second Edition)" by Eric Bogatin, Li Yushan, Liu Yang, et al.

Theoretical basis:

3. "Graphical Intuitive Mathematics Translation Series: Intuitive Maxwell's Equations (Translation Version)" by Daniel Fleisch (Daniel Fleisch), Tang Lu, Liu Bofeng [Abstract Book Review Trial Reading] Book

4. "Feynman Lectures on Physics (Volume 1) (New Millennium Edition)" Richard Feynman (RP Feynman), Leighton (RB Leighton), Sands (M. Sands), Zheng Yongling, Hua Hongming, Wu Ziyi, etc. [Abstract Book Review Trial Reading] Books

5. "Foreign Electronics and Communication Textbook Series: Microwave Engineering (3rd Edition)" Pozar (David M. Pozar), Zhang Zhaoyi, Zhou Lezhu, Wu Deming, etc. [Abstract book review trial reading] book

In addition, there is a relatively well-known person in SI in China. He is interested in his books and website. "Signal Integrity Revealed: Dr. Yu's SI Design Notes" Yu Zheng [Abstract Book Review Trial Reading] Book and Signal Integrity Design_Dr. Yu Signal Integrity.

If you want to design your own PCB circuit board, then you must have these conditions

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