** "How to Read a Book" study notes **
1. When a person to read what they do not understand, he and authorship are unequal. Read the man must take the unequal understanding of customer service within a certain extent.
2. Reading is an active thing, take the initiative to read more, the better.
3. In the process of reading, not only to understand the meaning of author want to express, but also know why the author should say so.
4. We need it as a kind of dialogue with the author, through dialogue, further tap the author's ideas and thoughts, and get something other than a reading.
5. Read divided into four levels: basic reading, reading view, read and analyze the topic to read. It is followed by progressive four levels, but is based on a hierarchical basis of the former.
6. Read the foundation for acquiring the content of a book; what the sentence says? Get rid of illiteracy.
View reading, get a book of architecture and themes; systematic skimming, understanding a book in a limited time. What this book talking about? Worth in-depth read on?
Read the analysis, deeper chewed and digested a book; the pursuit of reading, read this book to become their own so far.
Theme Reading, on the same subject of several books overall analysis and research. On a theme, I read a lot of books rather than one. And outlines the key point of the book, dig out the theme, there might not mentioned all the books, but can be summed up by excavated.
7. Read the four basic stages:
First, the reading readiness: Birth to pre-primary school. Hearing, vision, mental (stay focused)
Second, learn reading, basic vocabulary: primary school, can read simple books and love to read
three or quickly build vocabulary: from context to "expose" and guess unfamiliar words
four , refining and enhancing: a move from one point to another point raised in the book. On the same theme, the author's comparison of different perspectives.
8. Read the review in two ways:
There are a skimming system: to determine whether it is worthwhile to continue reading a book, or to find something related to the target in a limited time. Goal is to have a whole book knowledge, which can decide whether it should continue to spend time in this book, this book can also be classified for future lookups.
Specific implementation: 1, to see the title, subtitle, preface; Research Contents; Index view; read the beginning and end; and it seems to find a few closely related to the theme of the book chapters toot; continuous reading a few pages.
Two superficial reading: the first time encountered a book difficult to read, read again from beginning to end, I do not understand or do not stop to think about the query. Read through understanding, enhance mutual understanding, even when only 50% less can also help you re-read.
Read speed is not the only one, the focus is different sense of speed reading, skimming can let you in a limited time a comprehensive understanding of a book, to determine next steps.
9. There are three stages of analysis Reading
The first stage (control structure)To address a fundamental question: what is this book talking about?
Rule number one: You have to know what kind of reading books, know the sooner the better. It is best to know before you start reading.
How do i do this? In one aspect, you may use the title, sub-header, directory, etc. have a general sequence determination of the category of the book. On the other hand, the book can be divided into fiction (fictional) class and Essays (convey knowledge). The book can be divided into class discourse practical (how to do) and the theoretical model (which is what, why). Which can be divided into theoretical type of book history (story-telling way of saying thing of the past), science (something could happen at any time and place. Scientists at the results of a special experience as an illustration), philosophy (general pursuit of truth to humanity as a common example)
rule 2: use a sentence, or at most a few words to describe the contents of the whole book
rule number three: will list out important chapter in the book, how they order up a whole architecture ( i.e., each part listed in outline).
Not have to follow the chapters of the book to summarize a book outline, according to their own understanding of the proposed outline just fine. More divergent speaking, not every book needs / worth intends to outline.
Rule Four: to identify the author to ask questions. You should be able to say what you want to answer questions throughout the book Yes.
If the main problem is complex, divided into many parts, you should be able to say what the problem is minor, able to integrate these issues out of sequence, which is mainly, which secondary logical relationship of each part.
== The second stage (interpretation of intent) == address the second fundamental problem: This book details what and how narrative?
Rule 5: Find common semantics. That is important to find the words to reach a consensus with the author through them.
The goal of this rule is not listed architectural outline of the book, but all content and message.
There are two steps to implement: 1, Processing Language. 2, understand the meaning behind the language. Specifically: 1, identify keywords, such as specialized vocabulary and specific vocabulary, such as author repeatedly emphasized vocabulary; italic, bold vocabulary; author of a dispute with other authors such as 2 terms, to find out the meaning of words, with context to refine the meaning of the word can not understand.
It must first determine that there is a word or more sense. How to look at the relationship between meaning there are multiple meanings, supplemented by contextual clues, we can understand the different meanings, and the reasons for the significance of the exchange.
The authors used here to describe the reading puzzle: puzzle, the location has been determined that the more pieces, the more easily determine the location of fragments of undetermined location. Of course, this process may require repeated errors, but it must go through the process. Reading as well.
Rule Six: identify important sentences in the book and find out what their subject.
Find the sentence: from the author's point of view, the most important sentence of the judgment is set forth in part in the whole discussion, is the affirmation and negation of the judgment under which he and the reasons why he is doing.
A common mistake is to be of interest to suspend a sentence and not to get confused when people read the sentence suspended. In fact, it is important to understand the whole book rather than meet their own fresh, curious feeling.
Looking Subject: judgments are enough methods have identified the subject is in their own words to describe the subject of the sentence. If not, then passed to the representation of you, just "vocabulary" he uses, rather than his "thought or knowledge."
Rule Seven: the association of the relevant sentence in trying to discuss the basic architecture of a book.
If you can, find a paragraph in the book illustrates the important discussion, but if not, it would need the reader's own architecture out, from that period were selected for a sentence out, and then around the collating sequence, consisting of an overview.
Rule Eight: to identify the author of the answers
we have identified the issues of concern, then after reading a book, we need to draw Author answer to this question is, what he has answered part, did not answer the What section.
The third stage (like communication, the same judge a book debate) third and fourth solve the basic problem of reading: This is true? Make sense?
Taught or learning is an initiative can not have. If a person can not volunteered the use of independent judgment, he simply can not learn anything. Perhaps he can be trained, but can not be taught. Therefore, readers can learn the most, that is, the reader most criticism.
Remember, the goal is to learn something to read, instead of bickering.
An evaluation of courtesy
after making comments must be knowledgeable about the contents of the book: Rule IX. There are three comments, "I agree," "I do not agree", "I defer comment."
Rule Ten: express their opinions rationally, not unreasonably argue
Rule XI: distinction and respect different objective knowledge and personal views of the author. Before judgment to find the theoretical basis.
Two critical views of standard
rules 12: prove insufficient knowledge of
the rules thirteen: proof of knowledge Error
Rule 14: proof of illogical
rules of five: Analysis and prove the grounds of incomplete
More than fifteen rule, is very valuable suggestions discourse of reading books, but is not suitable for reading fiction, poetry class work.
10. How to read a book of practical
discourse of the works are usually divided into two kinds of practical and theoretical. Practical book talking about the issues related actions.
Practical book on the most important point is that any practical overview of the book can not solve the real issues of concern, because the real problem can only be resolved by action. Practical book can provide some general rules to be applied in the same type of special situation, but the actual action, people also need to add their own ideas to use.
Contain any rules (principles, guidelines or any general guidance) books are practical book. Practical book can be divided into two types, one is a rule, such as cooking directions; the other is to explain the principles of the formation of the rules, such as many economic, political work. A book to talk about the principle of using the book at first glance thought it was theoretical, it is the theoretical discussion in a special case, but in any case it is a practical book, it's always talking about in the field of human behavior, how likely do better or worse. An experienced reader will see that, but it can always be derived from the principles of the rule does not say though, and find out how these rules should further practical application.
Practical books are characterized by a number of authors orator. A man must be persuaded to take specific thought and action. Practical thinking and action in addition to the need for intellectual, emotional also an important factor, no one could have not been touched, but serious comment or take practical action. Because all practical books are mixed in an eloquent, author of "character" to be important even than the theoretical and practical books in the book.
When reading practical books, to ask four basic questions and theoretical type of books a little some changes: First, what the author's purpose is, what he wants to do?
Second, he suggested that the method used to achieve this purpose.
Third, to achieve the ultimate goal of the author plus method you can accept it?
Fourth, you can actually take action, whether the actions of your influence?
11. The three kinds of notes: Structure notes, concept notes, dialectical notes.
12. Under the cover of each book has its own set of frames, the reader to identify the skeleton.
13. A good book can tell you about the world and themselves. You do not just know better how to read better, but also more aware of life. You become wiser, not just more knowledge. You will become a wise man, have a more profound experience of human life in the eternal truth.
14. Some orator or propagandist usually do not trick is to leave some say these words very related to his arguments, but make it clear and easy to be challenged.
15. Unless already read the book, do not read this book Introduction or summary books.
16. History is a description of past events, many modern works is news about current events. In reading this type of work, should focus on the following issues:
1, the author wants to prove anything?
2, he wants to convince?
3, what he has special knowledge?
4, What special language he uses?
5, he really knows what he is talking about?
Problems when reading history books to be presented:
1, the theme of this book is concerned with what is
2, the author is the method used to tell the story of
3, which is all I care. History would suggest some feasible, because that was before people have done things
Personal summary
to communicate ideas and authors have to know what the authors say 1. reading? What To solve the problem? What to answer?
2. Read the first time to determine the frame structure of the book, each book has its own unique framework.
3. Timely identify causal relationships in the book.
4. Do not stop to think queries or encounter difficult to understand the knowledge points, from start to finish reading it again.
Think about their own dialectic have 5. reading.
6. find hidden information and may expand the application range of the book.
