Read the first chapter level
Read the first chapter of vitality and art
Reading goal: entertainment, access to information, enhance understanding
this book is written as for those who want to read the main purpose is to enhance people's ability to understand.
What reading of art? This is a virtue of the mind works, in addition to reading some interesting words outside, do not leave any foreign aid, single-handedly to improve themselves in the process.
The second chapter reading level
Reading the book will be divided into four levels: basic reading, reading view, analyze reading, reading theme
The first chapter of the third level of reading: basic reading
The fourth chapter of the second level of reading: reading View
Read a review ※: a systematic skimming or coarse reading
(1) look at the title page, and then if you look at the orderly sequence.
(2) Research Contents page, this basic structure of the book do general understanding.
(3) If the book with an index, but also review what - most books will have a discourse of class index.
(4) if it is wrapped in this new book books clothing, you may wish to read the description of the publisher.
(5) from the directory you're outline of a book, even a little vague impression of them, began to pick out a few themes seem closely linked with the chapter point of view.
(6) The final step, to open the book, looking east looking west, one read a paragraph or two. Sometimes continuously read a few pages, but not too much. On this way the book turned over again, ready to look for signals of the main arguments, pay attention to the basic theme of pulsation. Most importantly, do not ignore the last two or three pages.
※ View Reading II: superficial reading
The first time the face of a difficult book to read when you have read it again from beginning to end, encountered do not know where or queries do not stop thinking.
※ reading speed
The so-called reading speed Ideally, not only to be able to read faster, but also can be read at different speeds - to know when to use what speed is appropriate. View Reading is a highly trained rapid reading, but this is not just because you read fast pace - although you really read quickly - but because a small part in the reading view, you just read in, and It is read in a different way, a different target to read.
The fifth chapter how to do a self-requested by our readers
※ active reading foundation: the four basic questions to be raised by a reader
(1) On the whole, the book in the end were talking about? You must find a way to figure out theme of this book, how the author followed the theme of development, step by step how to break down a key issue subordinate to the central theme.
(2) details of what to say, how to say? You must find a way to find out the main idea, statements and arguments. These combined into a special message the author wants to convey.
(3) This book is right in saying it? All is justified, or partially justified? Unless you can answer the first two questions, otherwise you can not answer this question. Before you judge whether the book makes sense, you must first understand the whole book talking about the job. However, waiting for you to understand a book, but if you read very carefully, you will find this book to be a have a responsibility to their own judgment. Just know that the author of the idea is not enough.
(4) This book has anything to do with you? If this book has given you some information, you have to ask what is the point of these information. Why did the author think it is important to know? You really need to know? If the book not only provides information, but also inspire you, the more necessary to find other related, or suggestions deeper meaning, to get more inspiration.
The second reading of the third level: analysis reading (emphasis)
Read analysis
First, the analysis of the first phase of reading (finishing content outline): Find a book rules were talking about the (architectural: to find and part of the overall structure of the work)
(1) In accordance with the type and theme of the book for classification.
(2) with the most short sentences tell the whole book were talking about.
(3) the relationship between the order listed important part of the book. After the proposed outline of the book came out, and then outline the various parts are also listed.
(4) identify the author asked questions or author wants to solve the problem.
Second, the second stage (interpretation of the content) analysis read: diagnostic interpretation of the rules of the contents of a book (interpretation: the consensus definition and interpretation of the book, the theme and discussion)
(5) the interpretation of keywords used to reach a consensus with the author.
(6) to catch the gist of important authors from the most important sentence.
(7) to find the author's argument, causes and consequences of re-structure these discussions in order to understand the author's claims.
(8) The authors have determined which problems were, what is unresolved. In the unresolved issues, determining what the author thinks he can not solve the problem.
Third, the analysis of the third reading stage: like the communication of knowledge as to review a book of rules (Comment: the comment author doctrine to endorse or oppose the views of the completion of our understanding of his work)
A. The general rule of etiquette wisdom
(9) unless you have completed the outline architecture, but also the interpretation of the whole book, and do not easily criticize. (You say: "I read!" Before, do not say you agree, disagree or suspend the comments.)
(10) Do not belligerent, non-defense in the end is not.
(11) before saying a comment, you must be able to prove that they really come to distinguish different knowledge and personal point of view (ask the reader to find the theoretical basis for their different views).
B. critical views of specific criteria
(12) of insufficient proof of knowledge.
(13) proof of knowledge of error.
(14) proof of the illogical.
Analysis and rationale (15) proved the author is not complete.
Note: For this last four points, three points is a former guidelines disagreement, if you can not make relevant evidence, we must agree with the author of the statement, or at least a portion of the statement. Because the last thing you can reason, this book defer comment.
More than 15 rules is to read the general method of discourse works (philosophy, science, mathematics, etc.) does not apply to reading fiction and poetry. In addition, analysis of reading skills only for a single work, the main goal is to understand this book. It does not apply in the case of a topic you read a lot of books.
But no matter what kind of books to read, you must be able to raise four questions :
1, the book was a largely were talking about?
2. What are the details of the content of this book? How it is manifested?
3, the book says is true (justified) do? All true or partially true?
4, this book make sense? It closed with me?
Fourth, the auxiliary reading
According to the general knowledge of reading it, and then you try to read a book in accordance with the internal rules of reading, but there are still some or all of the time do not understand do not understand, they should be looking for outside help.
External aid sources can be divided into four sections.
First, relevant experience.
Second, other books.
Third, the introduction and summary.
Fourth, books.
However, here to remind readers not to place undue reliance auxiliary reading.
Part III read books in different ways
Chapter XIII of practical how to read the book
Chapter XIV imagine how to read literature
Read the general rules of literary imagination
Discourse of the work is to convey knowledge - experience in the readers have had knowledge or been seen before. Imagine literature describes an experience in itself - it is the reader's experience can only be owned or shared by reading ability - if successful, will give the reader a pleasure. Because different attempts, two different works on the mind will have different demands.
※ imagine reading literature, "not"
Do not resist the literary imagination to bring your influence.
In the literary imagination, do not look for consensus, the spirit or discussed.
Do not apply to the transfer of knowledge, consistent with the criterion of truth to criticize the novel.
First, the outline of the proposed rule:
(1) You have to imagine literature classification. Such as lyrics, fiction and drama.
(2) the effect you want to be able to seize the whole book (brief description of the story, as a story to the effect always in the episode).
(3) found that the whole book is how to structure the various parts together.
Second, the interpretation of the rules:
(1) familiar with the details of each event and character.
(2) at home in this imaginary world. You will find the association between fiction elements, giving them a real survival vitality.
(3) track the development of the plot.
Third, criticized rules:
Before you sincerely appreciate the experience of trying to create for you, do not criticize a work of imagination.
In other words, for fiction, we should not oppose or favor, but like it or not like it. Before you say that they like or dislike a literary work, first you have to really worked hard and appreciate the job of. You just can not explain why you like or dislike, but also can express in this book which places are good and which are bad, and explain the reasons for the job.
Chapter XV to read stories, plays and poetry of some of the recommendations
※ How to read story books
Fast read, and read wholeheartedly.
※ emphasis on epic
We hope you will make a determined effort, began to read it five epic, Homer's "Iliad" and "Odyssey", Virgil's "Aeneid," Dante's "Divine Comedy" and Milton "Paradise Lost." You will develop an understanding of these works. If you do, we are sure you will not be disappointed. This five books with the "Bible" is any serious reading program indispensable books.
※ How to read theater
In reading the script is the best one go, in order to grasp the overall feeling.
The script read out aloud, slowly read, is like listening to the audience as you speak, or read with feeling - that is to let those sentences you do not have meaning.
※ focus on tragedy
First, remember that the essence of the tragedy at the time, or that the lack of time. If you have enough time in the Greek tragedy, there is no can not solve things. The problem is never enough time. Decision or choose to be in a certain time to complete, there is no time to think, to measure the severity. Because even tragic hero also make mistakes - perhaps especially be wrong - the decision taken is wrong. For us, it is easy to see what to do, but we can see in a limited time in everything? In reading Greek tragedy, you have to put this issue on the mind.
Secondly, we do know that in Greek drama, all of the tragic actor wore one kind of boots a few inches above the ground (they also wear a mask). While the narrative voice-over actors sometimes wear a mask, but will not wear these boots. Therefore, one side is the tragic hero, the other side is a narrative voice-over actor, under Comparing the two, we can see a great difference. So you have to remember, when part of the reading aside, you have to imagine that these lines are with you generally tall man said out of it, but when reading tragic figure of speech, you have to imagine this is from a big man's mouth, they do not just in the image, you also higher than a length in the actual height.
※ How to read lyrics (Lyric Poetry)
Rule 1: Whether you think you understand it or not, must be read in one breath, do not stop.
Rule 2: reread - read it out loud.
Rule 3: Do not bother to look for information on the author and background, as long as a person willing to work hard, almost anyone can read any poetry. To understand a poem, be sure to read it - read over and over again. Great lyrics worth pondering over and over again.
Chapter XVI how to read history books
Read the history of the two main points: first, event or period you're interested in reading more than one book of history as much as possible. Second, when reading history, not just a concern in the past time, place really what happened, but also to read in any time and space, especially now that the reason why people have such and such action.
※ problem reading history books to be presented
※ How to Read a biography and autobiography
※ How to read about current events
※ About Digest Notes
How to Read Chapter XVII Science and Mathematics
We recommend that you at least want to read some of the great scientific classic masterpiece.
※ recommend reading the classics of science
※ problems facing mathematics
※ grasp mathematical problems in science works
As long as you remember, your responsibility is not to become an expert on this topic, but try to understand the relevant issues, when it will be much easier to read.
※ focus on the Popular Science
Chapter XVIII how to read books on philosophy
When reading any philosophical works, the most important thing is to find problems, or find the book you want to answer the question. These problems can elaborate on it, it could hide in them. Either way, you should try to find out.
To use your thinking, to find their own central idea. Do not advocate you take a shortcut, go read some books on the philosopher living or observation point.
Philosopher views do not fit together is not important, but your responsibility to clarify their own ideas.
※ focus on theology
※ How to read the "classics"
Chapter XIX How to Read Social Sciences
※ What is social science?
Social sciences including all of anthropology, economics, political science, sociology, and most of the works of the law, education, public administration, and part of the business, social work services.
※ easy to read at the social sciences
※ reading difficulties at the social sciences
※ read works of social science
About the best reading several books a theme. That topic to read.
Title IV of the ultimate goal of reading
Chapter Twenty-fourth level of reading: reading theme
Customize Theme reading: on the same topic, read two or more books.
Theme Reading There are two stages. One is the preparation phase, the other is the subject of reading itself.
First, the scope of the study observed: Read the topic of the preparatory phase
(1) for the topic you want to research, design an experimental bibliography. You can refer to the bibliographic suggestions and book library catalog, experts.
(2) see all the books on the bibliography determine which related to your topic, and establish a clear idea on your topic.
Second, the subject of reading: reading books all the first phase collected
(1) View all books related to your topics identified in the first phase, to identify the most relevant chapters.
(2) the subject matter of creating a set of neutral words with lead authors agree with you - regardless of whether the actual use of these terms, all authors, or at least the vast majority of authors can use this vocabulary to interpret.
(3) the establishment of a neutral subject, listed a series of problems - regardless of whether he understands talked about these issues, all authors, or at least most of the authors must be able to interpret them to provide answers to these questions.
(4) define the primary and secondary issues. Then each of the different views of the problem of finishing on display next to each topic of. You have to remember, between the various authors or among certain there is not necessarily an issue. Sometimes, some of the things you need for a range of major concern not the author, the interpretation of his views in order to construct this issue.
(5) analysis of these discussions. This was the problem and issues in sequence, in order to highlight the theme. We have more commonality of issues to be placed before the comparison is no commonality of issues. The relationship between the various issues should be clearly defined it. Note: Ideally, we want to keep dialogue with the objective of alienation. To do this, whenever you want to interpret a writer's point of view on a topic, you must quote a passage from his article to tie.
CHAPTER reading and mental growth
※ good books give us what help
If your reading purpose is to become a better reader, you can not touch any books or articles are read. You need to read the book you go beyond the mind.
Recreational or entertaining book can not make you promote reading skills.
Make an active and self-demanding readers.
Books back: first, to promote reading skills. Second, a good book can teach you about the world and yourself. You know more than how to read better, but also more aware of life. You become wiser, more knowledgeable and not just - as provided only as a message of the book is formed. You will become a wise man, a deeper realization of the eternal truths of human life.
※ pyramid book
99% of the books will not help your reading skills.
1% of the book allows you to learn how to read, how to live.
Less some books - probably less than one hundred kinds - read through again, I can not do it exactly. But over time re-read, you will find the contents of the book seems much less than the memory of you, because your mind, enhance understanding and so, you have gone beyond the book.
A higher level of the book - when you re-read will find this book seems to grow with you together. This is because you initially read this book, this book will far exceed your level, still more than you when you re-read now, the future is likely more than you have been.
※ life and mental growth
The most obvious trait of a human body can not be unlimited growth, and our minds able to grow indefinitely and develop.
Good reading, reading is active, not just useful for reading itself, not just help our work or career, to better help our minds to maintain the vitality and growth.