Part 1 Holistic Learning Strategies
What is holistic learning
Mechanical memory is the repeated memory of information in the hope of keeping it in mind.
Holistic learning is a learning theory that describes how our brains learn to work. The brain is a network that absorbs, organizes, and creates information with a rich network of neurons. Holistic learning is based on associating knowledge for the purpose of remembering and applying knowledge. The best techniques are metaphors, internalization, process-based note-taking and diagramming.
How information is stored: structures, models, highways
structure
A structure is a set of closely related knowledge. For example, if you want to learn Java, you must first have the knowledge structure of Java. The knowledge points of Java and their connections constitute the structure of the language.
For example, a city includes many buildings, and there are road connections between the buildings. Learning is like building a well-designed city. Knowledge points are like buildings. For better learning, build more roads between new buildings and existing buildings, so that you can reach the building quickly and easily.
Building a structure requires continuous refinement of the structural model and additional points of contact. Learning new knowledge can start with familiar structures. For example, all object-oriented languages can be divided into basic concepts, advanced concepts, and class libraries.
Model
The model is the simplification of the structure, the model is used to learn new concepts, it is the seed of the structure, it is the foundation and frame of the building. In general, the model of a book is the table of contents. Models are used to start a structure or add content to the current structure. For example, to learn the Java language, first extract the model of the Java language by reading the catalog, and then start to enrich the content based on the model, understand and correct errors, and finally form the knowledge structure of Java. When learning new knowledge, if there is a similar knowledge model, it can be used for comparison.
highway
Highways are used to connect two cities, and here highways are used to represent connecting two knowledge structures. Thinking in terms of knowledge structures from different domains expands the mind and stimulates creativity.
holistic learning sequence
1. Acquiring Acquiring is getting information into your eyes and ears, reading and life experiences are all acquisitions. The information should be accurate and the information should be compressed.
The acquisition phase represents the process of information from being collected to entering the brain. Three goals for obtaining information: simplicity, capacity, speed.
Test: Have I seen or heard this knowledge before?
The performance of the problems obtained: 1. Slow reading and listening speed 2. Need to read repeatedly. The reasons are bad study habits, bad note-taking habits, and lack of understanding of basic nouns and grammar.
2 Understanding Understanding is understanding the basic meaning of information and putting it in context.
Understand the surface meaning of information. A preliminary understanding of the contextual meaning of information. When you come across something you don't understand, break it down into smaller problems, narrow it down, read deeper, and jump over the hurdle.
Test: Do I understand the meaning of knowledge? At least literally.
Poor comprehension performance: Not knowing what the author is saying, not understanding what it means. Reason: poor learning material, learning too fast, skipping details.
3 Expansion Expansion will form a model, various connections, so as to obtain a good structure.
The expansion phase connects this information with other information. This phase applies models to simplify and expand your structure, while expanding your understanding of the information. Ask the information why?
There are three main ways of outreach: deep outreach (background exploration of knowledge), horizontal outreach (connections around knowledge), and vertical outreach (connections with other knowledge).
Test: Do I know where knowledge comes from and what knowledge is it related to?
Poor expansion performance: Can't draw inferences about knowledge from one case to another, by analogy.
4 Error correction Error correction is to find errors in models and connections and delete invalid information.
Error correction can be seen as pruning in a holistic knowledge network.
Test: Did I delete inappropriate links? Did I delete those wrong conclusions?
Insufficient error correction performance: Too many false connections.
5 Application Application is to bring knowledge into the real world to run and adjust.
Application is the ultimate purpose of learning, for practice. Create ways to apply what you learn in your work life.
Quiz: Have I used my knowledge in my work life?
Remarks: The order of holistic learning is not a fixed linear order, and you can go back and forth between steps and jump.
information structure
Different types of knowledge have different types of structure, and learning must be appropriately adjusted according to different types of knowledge.
Weak structures are difficult to learn holistically. When learning weak structures, try to refine the knowledge points to integrate them into the knowledge of strong structures.
Strong structure, such as specific information and process information. Such as compilation, including specific information and process information.
Arbitrary information is a series of facts, dates, definitions, or rules that lack logic, have no rules, cannot be processed, and need to be memorized by rote.
Associative idea hook method compression method
Opinion information is is contested. Speed tricks are very important for searching for information.
Process information is information that teaches you how to act, information that describes a series of actions and operations. To learn this kind of information, it is necessary to establish the correct background concept, and the specific operation should be practiced and repeated repeatedly.
Specific information is the information that can be observed, heard and touched in practice. Internalization helps connect information to multiple senses.
Abstract information lacks direct connection with the senses and is difficult to understand, but logically strong. The understanding and expansion stages are unbearable. When it is difficult to understand, reduce the speed of receiving information and explore the previous information in depth. This kind of information is characterized by one link and one link, and it is very important to lay a good foundation.
Remark
To learn knowledge, if you want to go beyond knowledge itself, passion is not enough. You need to find various ways to apply knowledge. Knowledge should be "used" to gain new meaning. Discover the practical use of whatever you have learned, especially to improve yourself.
For example, learning a new codified language and using that language to complete a project in the learning process.
Part II Holistic Learning Techniques
Holistic learning links ideas together, applies models, and builds structures to understand different types of knowledge. When learning a new knowledge, you need to make appropriate adjustments according to your own situation, combined with the overall learning strategy, and formulate your own learning practice.
obtain knowledge
1 Speed reading finger reading method, practice reading method, active reading method
Here are three things to consider when doing active reading
- What is the main point of this section.
- How can I remember the main point.
- How do I extend the main idea and apply it.
2 Note Stream
Start by writing down the main point and then connect that point to other points.
Contact point of view
1 Metaphors Metaphors are all about building a bridge between unfamiliar knowledge and familiar knowledge.
2 Internalization Internalization refers to the appearance of images, sounds, touches and emotions in the mind of knowledge.
3 Chart method
Processing of Random Information
1 Association idea
2 hook method
3 Information compression technology
knowledge expansion
1 Practical application
2 Model error correction
3 Project-based learning