How to read a good book

This year, for the sale of middle-aged anxiety is a common thing, especially for programmers. 35-year-old is a threshold, whether domestic Huawei, Ali, or foreign facebook, anxiety and panic forced programmers have to keep charging. There are many ways to learn, to do the project, online courses offline, reading, watching blog, look at the source code and so on.

Compared to other methods, the benefits of reading (especially classic books) that systematically comprehensive knowledge points to explain more clearly, but also the guarantee of quality.

This year, read some books, there are technical and non-technical, but looking back, I remember how much, and what used to real point, seems to be little. So, what went wrong suspect, is older bad memory? Or method of reading out of the question?

Therefore, in order to better read, we have to first master the scientific and efficient way to read, and how to read a book (How to Read a Book) is a science to guide our reading of the weapon.

“how to read a book” is a metabook about how to read a book

This article addresses: https://www.cnblogs.com/xybaby/p/11873450.html

Reading initiative

how to read a book repeatedly stressed the initiative to read : In order to learn the knowledge, enhance understanding and reading, and not in order to obtain advice. Access to information, advice needed understanding happens to be owned by the readers, and active reading for knowledge is required to perform the effort readers, of course, the only way readers can grow.

Reading is the exchange of authors and readers, the author throws questions, then answers, but readers need to judge the reasonableness of the answer given by the authors, readers think of this process is needed.

So, how is considered the initiative to read it, read the initiative to do, at least to answer the following four questions:

• Overall, this book discuss what issues
• Around the core issues of what are the main ideas, arguments
• The author is reasonable, rational part or all of the reasonable. Of course, this is based on the reader to answer the two questions
• What is the relationship with readers of this book, what inspiration, how to use

About out of comfort zone

Read stressed that the initiative works hard to master reading knowledge, in fact, to put it another popular argument is out of the comfort zone, each time the need to progress.

However, whether out of the comfort zone is not a simple problem of 0 or 1, how far out of it? Such as reading a book a new field, basically can not read, I force myself to read very painful.

Just some time ago to see a very interesting article on Jane book: heavy research! Optimal learning 85% rule . In this article, first of all is to give the picture below:

As can be seen, for learning this matter, out in three zones from within

• Comfort zone, conform zone
• Study areas, learning zone
• District panic, panic zone

Read the comfort zone, read about is to get advice, information and carried out. And you have to take the initiative to read out of the comfort zone, you need a small mind is, do not jump too far, but there will be about to jump panic zone negative effect.

So, jump far it is appropriate, in this article refer to an experimental machine learning, pointing out that 15.87% is ideal. In other words, reading time, there should be 85% of the content readers can understand both so happy to learn it, but also the highest efficiency.

Of course, the specific values ​​vary, to say the least, if skimming a book, most do not understand the concept, then perhaps this book you might not be the best choice at this stage.

Four levels of reading

Reading level, according to the requirements of readers from lowest to highest, are:

• Basic reading (elementary reading)
• View Reading (inspectional reading)
• Read the analysis (analytical reading)
• Theme Reading (syntopical reading)

A typical problem is the foundation of reading, "This sentence say?" The basis of reading ability, should be at the time of basic education to culture, but for most people, the problem should not exist. Unfortunately, the programmer - need to read the original English books, papers programmer -, this is sometimes a real problem. Although it also had English six, but still possible because of the vocabulary, grammar and reading English materials stuck in time.

Read the review is actually skimming, coarse reading a book to grasp the focus of the overall structure in a short period of time. A typical question is: "What is this book talking about?" Or: "How this book architecture?" Or: "What part of the book contains?"

The analysis of the overall reading is reading, complete reading, or that the quality of reading. That is, we often say, To read a book thick. Read the analysis requires repeated chewing, digestion, is naturally very time-consuming, so we read books should be analyzed is the result of the selection of classic books.

The final theme of reading, in fact, with questions to read. View previous reading and analysis of reading it refers to read a book while reading theme usually require several books to read, to think from different perspectives in order to solve a problem.

The following brief review in order to read, analyze reading, reading theme basic methods, rules.

Reading View

View read either as an independent way of reading, but also as a pre-step analysis of reading or topic to read.

The first stage is a systematic review of reading or skimming crude read.

1. Look at the title page, and then if you look at the orderly sequence
   read the prologue after, in fact, this concept has been the subject of this book, it can be classified into this book.
2. Research Contents page , this basic structure of the book do general understanding
3. If the book with an index, but also review it.
4. If that is wrapped in this new book books clothing, you may wish to read the description of the publisher.
5. Your very outline of a book catalog, even a little vague impression of them, began to pick out a few themes seem closely linked with the chapter point of view. If these chapters at the beginning or end summary (there are many), it is necessary to carefully read these instructions.
6. Most importantly, do not ignore the last two or three pages , very few authors can refuse the temptation, and not at the end of a few pages will consider themselves both new and important point rearrange over again.
   To read a book a book, each chapter's end, the author will summarize the how, generalization.

Through the above steps, you can learn from a book on the subject, architecture, at least be able to judge whether the book is worth the time to more in-depth reading .

Read the review of the second stage is superficial reading, that is the first head-to-tail quickly read it again, the focus is part of the understanding, not because of a temporary halt can not understand the part, read it again after this also will be gainful.

Read analysis

Analysis of the first phase of reading, or to find a book about what to four rules: the
first rule : In accordance with the kind of theme books for classification.

how to read a book on the classification of books is this: First, according to whether it is fiction, fiction and discourse into classes. Discourse of class books for the transfer of knowledge, but also to explore the focus.

For discourse class, divided into practical work and theoretical work. Theoretical work is teaching you what this is, practical work teaching you how to do what you want to do, or do you think should be done.

how to read a book itself is a practical book

The second rule : most short sentences about what to say in the whole book.

The second rule is to be able to say to the effect of the whole book, hold up a whole book. This part, by reading books and Prologue can basically have the answer

The third rule : the order and relations, sets out the essential part of the book. After the proposed outline of the book came out, and then outline the various parts are also listed.

A good book is like a good house, each part must be very orderly lined up. Each part must have a significant degree of independence.

This is somewhat similar to the pyramid principle in MECE (Mutually Exclusive Collectively Exhaustive), good architecture books will show every part of the theme related to the order logical.

The fourth rule : ask questions to find out, or want to solve the problem of the author.

Author of a book at the beginning of writing, there is a problem or series of problems, and this book is the content of an answer, or many answers. In the first stage of the analysis of reading, the reader understand the author will answer what kind of problems.

Read the analysis of the second stage, or find a book in the end what the rules in detail (interpretation of the contents of a book):

The fifth rule : the interpretation of keywords used to reach a consensus with the author.

The same words have different semantics in different contexts, such as "business" the word, the meaning of which vary in different areas. In which specific areas, we often call this special terminology and vocabulary for the term. To understand what a book was talking about, first of all have to find these terms, then tell terminology in this book among the most precise sense.

How to find out what terms, if the more familiar areas where books, so naturally will be able to find these specialized vocabulary; in turn, they see not the usual vocabulary used to see, you know that those words must have specialized terminology.

How to measure whether the authors have reached consensus on the precise meaning of a term it? Readers can use their own words to explain the term.

The sixth rule : catch the gist of important authors from the most important sentence.

The subject, but also a statement. It is the author expresses his judgment on something of. The thrust of the statement of knowledge or opinions. This is why we say that this statement is a sentence expressing narrative sentence (declarative), while the sentence is interrogative questions (interrogative)

How to determine if they are absorbed by the thrust of a book it? The following method

• Ability to re-express in their own words?
• Give an experience of his own experienced subject matter described by, or with the subject have some relevant experience?
• It is a special case of set forth, which are common to the general description of the truth?

Seventh rule : to identify the author of the discourse, re-structure the causes and consequences of these discussions in order to understand the author's claims.

The eighth rule : Determine what the author has solved the problem, what is unresolved. In the unresolved issues, determining what the author thinks he can not solve the problem.

The third stage of the analysis read: like the communication of knowledge as to review the rules of a book

The ninth rule : Unless you have completed the outline architecture, but also the interpretation of the whole book, and do not easily criticize. (You say: "! I read" Before, do not say you agree, disagree or suspend the comments.)

Tenth rule : Do not belligerent, non-defense in the end is not.

Eleventh rule : Before you say a comment, you must be able to prove that they really come to distinguish different knowledge and personal point of view.

Theme Reading

Reading is reading the theme of the highest level, that is, with a specific problem to read a lot of books in the relevant sections. Read the review and analysis are based on reading the book as the center, and the theme is based on specific reading problem at the core .

There are two phases in the subject reading. One is the preparation phase, the other is the subject of reading itself.

Read the theme of the preparation phase is to observe, study selection range, will be used to read the rules of view to some extent,

• On topics you want to study, design an experimental bibliography. You can refer to the bibliographic suggestions and book library catalog, experts.
• Browse all the books on the bibliography determine which related to your topic, and establish a clear idea on your topic.

Read the second phase of the theme: reading books all the first phase collected

• View all been identified books related to your topic in the first phase, to identify the most relevant chapters.
• According theme to create a set of neutral words with lead authors agree with you - regardless of whether the actual use of these terms, all authors, or at least the vast majority of authors can use this vocabulary to interpret.
• The establishment of a neutral subject, listed a series of problems - regardless of whether he understands talked about these issues, all authors, or at least most of the authors must be able to interpret them to provide answers to these questions.
• Definition of primary and secondary issues. Then each of the different views of the problem of finishing on display next to each topic of. You have to remember, between the various authors or among certain there is not necessarily an issue. Sometimes, some of the things you need for a range of major concern not the author, the interpretation of his views in order to construct this issue.
• Analysis of these discussions. This was the problem and issues in sequence, in order to highlight the theme. We have more commonality of issues to be placed before the comparison is no commonality of issues. The relationship between the various issues should be clearly defined it.

Note: Ideally, we want to keep dialogue with the objective of alienation. To do this, whenever you want to interpret a writer's point of view on a topic, you must quote a passage from his article to tie.

How to practice reading

How to read a book in the last chapter, "Reading and mental growth", there are two points of view, is deeply personal identity

• If you read the books in your sphere of competence, you would not be able to upgrade their reading skills. You must be able to manipulate the books go beyond your ability, or said, reading a book beyond your mind
• If the reader a practical book, and his points of view, I agree with his proposal is appropriate and effective, then the reader must act follow that advice

The first point is actually learning from comfort zone to jump area, take the initiative to read. In this regard, in the first chapter of this paper we have been discussed.

The second point is to apply their knowledge.

We often say, heard a lot of sense, but still had a bad life, I might have to understand the truth, but not carried out, naturally there will be no change. For reading even more so, in terms of teaching reading compared to the more need for active learners, and reading itself is relatively slow, there is rarely very intense time pressure and performance goals, if the reader does not take the initiative to deliberately use, then a high probability over a period of time to forget.

Practical books to read

The previous books divided into fiction, practical classes, theory classes. For technical programmers to read, most of the time are practical classes. Read the goal is to improve their ability to apply that knowledge to work.

When reading any practical book, be sure to ask yourself two key questions.
First : What is the author's purpose?
Second : He suggested that the method used to achieve this goal?

For example, before I read the "clean code" of this book, the author's aim is to make us realize the importance of clean code, and how to write clean code. And how to write clean code for it, first author from small to large, he pointed out how should be named, write function, written note to write a class; then give a complete gradual improvement Liezi.

In how to read a book, the initiative is given a book to read, at least four questions to be answered, recap here

1. Overall, this book discuss what issues
2. Around the core issues of what are the main ideas, arguments
3. The author is reasonable, rational part, or all reasonable
4. What is the relationship with readers of this book, what inspiration, how to use

These four points suitable for reading books is very appropriate

The first point, practical books discuss the issue, in fact, is the author of purpose in writing this book, that want the reader to do.

Second, the main practical ideas and arguments in a book, even if the author is to explain why he does it, how to achieve this objective.

Third, the authors are correct, reasonable and practical for books, more of the author's purpose, and the way to achieve the purpose of whether you agree.

Fourth, for practical books, if you agree with the author's argument, then have to take job action.

The above four points, is the most difficult to implement, apply their knowledge, knowledge into action.

Deliberate practice

Many times, we read a book, or watching an online course, we believe that mastered the knowledge. In actual fact, the need to acquire knowledge implicit knowledge, so that this part of knowledge as a habit, the subconscious. This process and no shortcuts, takes practice, but some of the knowledge, skills, be able to use every day, while some less frequently used, for the latter, you need special arrangements for time to deliberate practice .

For example, when we read the how to read a book this book want to master the skills of reading analysis. So you need to perform in accordance with the rules step by step, the process might be required at different speeds, attention repeatedly reading a book, and probably do not bother - why do not you go over to get? For an analysis of reading proficiency of people who may indeed be at the same time comply with these rules in the midst of reading, but only has mastered every rule.

Like learning to swim, for the novice, you will spend a lot of time to practice shifting arm, leg swing, ventilation, repeated over and over again these boring actions. But for veterans, it never seems to deliberately pay attention to these actions, if attention to these actions, but also travel well. However, in order to forget these single action, we must begin to learn each every single action, the only way you can link up all the action.

How deliberate practice practical books to read this thing? RIA demolition of calligraphy is a viable option:

RIA demolition of calligraphy

RIA demolition of calligraphy from this study is enough of a book, but I have not read the book, for RIA demolition of calligraphy, I feel this article why you read so many books, or too bad in this life? Introduction clearly.

As shown, RIA divided into four stages

• R: find valuable fragments, of interest
• I: Restatement of knowledge in their own language
• A1: describe their experience
• A2: think about how their own application, specify the schedule

Which, I, A1, A2 three steps require the reader to take notes with notes of different colors, attached to the original page at.

In fact, these points are how to read a book of rules embodied, for example, I and A1, in fact, read the analysis of the sixth rule to check whether they have mastered the method of the subject, and A2 is read practicality Books need to answer the fourth question.

RIA is that the benefits of these labels by forcing the reader to stop and think, records, and will reflect the results of the original problem to keep in the same place for easy review; notes of different colors is a good visual stimulation, easy to remember.

Finally, RIA also requires the demolition of calligraphy: After reading a book, all the A2 notes out on the wall, remind yourself to apply and implement action.

So RIA implement formal learning - thinking - the practice of this process, reference is worth learning.

Self-practice: read a good book next

Contents of the above, in fact, is "How to read a (practical) book" The knowledge I have learned, specifically how to implement it? Intends to use the "pyramid principle" this book to practice, this book has been heard for a long time, but also simple to know its contents, but have not read carefully.

How to read it, will follow the following steps (checklist)

• Think clearly what the purpose of reading a book, in order to decide whether to read the review, analysis or reading theme to read, even decide whether or not to read the book (reading books is not necessarily the most effective way to solve the problem, or the current own knowledge reserve can not read such a book). The following steps assume both decided to analyze reading
• If it is determined to be analyzed to read, it should be set up in accordance with the principles of smart target reading this book. The core output that is kind of how specific reading program (read every day how much, and when finished)
• Use of inspectional reading to find out the essence of this book (the author wants to explore the issue), the main structure, a brief answer to the question. Read the review will also help to adjust the reading program. Read the review focused on the following sections
  • Bibliography, Prologue
  • Directory, each chapter summary
  • Epilogue
• Analysis of reading this book, take notes. Analysis of Reading Notes:
  • Using the 8020 law, try to challenge in accordance with the importance of reading speed, time allocation, important chapters speed reading
  • The core part of the method using RIA (repeat, Lenovo, how to apply)
• After reading the analysis is complete, the answers reading a book should answer four questions of practicality. Then you can refer to aid reading, take a look at the summary and thinking about other readers.
• Enhance memory, internalization, divided into three steps:
  • Note: it should be done in the process of reading;
  • Blog, mind map a second election, to be concise notes, deep thinking;
  • Share, practice a second election, the general theory of knowledge for sharing, and practical knowledge to practice as much as possible.
• How to implement the practice, sum up all the RIA method A2, organized into a checklist (electronic or hard copy version), periodically check whether there is to do one by one

Fight for years to get!

references

read a book how to
heavy research! The 85% rule optimal learning
why you read so many books, or too bad in this life?