ES提供了多种编程语言的链接方式，有Java API，PHP API，.NET API
官网可以详细了解
https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/client/index.html下面阐述ES支持的客户端链接方式：
1：REST API
可以通过浏览器请求get方法进行链接；
利用Postman等工具发起REST请求；
Java发起HttpClient请求；
2：Transport链接
通过socket链接,用官网一个的TransPort客户端，底层是netty
特别提示：
ES在7.0版本开始将废弃TransportClient，8.0版本开始将完全移除TransportClient
取而代之的是High Level REST Client。
Java High Level REST Client 为高级别的Rest客户端，基于低级别的REST客户端，增加了编组请求JSON串，解析响应JSON串等相关API，使用的版本需要和ES服务端的版本保持一致，否则会有版本问题。
首先在使用Java REST Client的时候引入maven的Jar包依赖：
<dependency>
<groupId>org.elasticsearch.client</groupId>
<artifactId>elasticsearch-rest-high-level-client</artifactId>
<version>6.2.4</version>
</dependency>将log4j2.xml编译到classes路径下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration status="OFF">
<appenders>
<Console name="Console" target="SYSTEM_OUT">
<PatternLayout pattern="%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%t] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n"/>
</Console>
</appenders>
<loggers>
<root level="info">
<appender-ref ref="Console"/>
</root>
</loggers>
</configuration>Java High Level REST Client 初始化以及增加修改，批量操作使用示例：
package com.herbert.test;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.apache.http.HttpHost;
import org.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchException;
import org.elasticsearch.action.DocWriteRequest;
import org.elasticsearch.action.DocWriteResponse;
import org.elasticsearch.action.bulk.BulkItemResponse;
import org.elasticsearch.action.bulk.BulkRequest;
import org.elasticsearch.action.bulk.BulkResponse;
import org.elasticsearch.action.delete.DeleteResponse;
import org.elasticsearch.action.index.IndexRequest;
import org.elasticsearch.action.index.IndexResponse;
import org.elasticsearch.action.support.replication.ReplicationResponse;
import org.elasticsearch.action.update.UpdateResponse;
import org.elasticsearch.client.RestClient;
import org.elasticsearch.client.RestHighLevelClient;
import org.elasticsearch.common.xcontent.XContentType;
import org.elasticsearch.rest.RestStatus;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.*;
/**
* Created by Herbert on 2019/1/28.
*/
public class ESUtil {
protected RestHighLevelClient client;
/**
* Java High Level REST Client 初始化
*/
public ESUtil (){
client = new RestHighLevelClient(
RestClient.builder(
new HttpHost("localhost", 9200, "http")));
}
/**
* 新增，修改文档
* @param indexName 索引
* @param type mapping type
* @param id 文档id
* @param jsonStr 文档数据
*/
public void addData(String indexName,String type ,String id,String jsonStr) {
try {
// 1、创建索引请求 //索引 // mapping type //文档id
IndexRequest request = new IndexRequest(indexName, type, id); //文档id
// 2、准备文档数据
// 直接给JSON串
request.source(jsonStr, XContentType.JSON);
//4、发送请求
IndexResponse indexResponse = null;
try {
// 同步方式
indexResponse = client.index(request);
} catch (ElasticsearchException e) {
// 捕获，并处理异常
//判断是否版本冲突、create但文档已存在冲突
if (e.status() == RestStatus.CONFLICT) {
System.out.println("冲突了，请在此写冲突处理逻辑！" + e.getDetailedMessage());
}
}
//5、处理响应
if (indexResponse != null) {
String index1 = indexResponse.getIndex();
String type1 = indexResponse.getType();
String id1 = indexResponse.getId();
long version1 = indexResponse.getVersion();
if (indexResponse.getResult() == DocWriteResponse.Result.CREATED) {
System.out.println("新增文档成功!" + index1 + type1 + id1 + version1);
} else if (indexResponse.getResult() == DocWriteResponse.Result.UPDATED) {
System.out.println("修改文档成功!");
}
// 分片处理信息
ReplicationResponse.ShardInfo shardInfo = indexResponse.getShardInfo();
if (shardInfo.getTotal() != shardInfo.getSuccessful()) {
System.out.println("分片处理信息.....");
}
// 如果有分片副本失败，可以获得失败原因信息
if (shardInfo.getFailed() > 0) {
for (ReplicationResponse.ShardInfo.Failure failure : shardInfo.getFailures()) {
String reason = failure.reason();
System.out.println("副本失败原因：" + reason);
}
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* 批量插入ES
* @param indexName 索引
* @param type 类型
* @param idName id名称
* @param list 数据集合
*/
public void bulkDate(String indexName,String type ,String idName ,List<Map<String,Object>> list ){
try {
if(null == list || list.size()<=0){
return;
}
if(StringUtils.isBlank(indexName) || StringUtils.isBlank(idName) || StringUtils.isBlank(type)){
return;
}
BulkRequest request = new BulkRequest();
for(Map<String,Object> map : list){
if(map.get(idName)!=null){
request.add(new IndexRequest(indexName, type, String.valueOf(map.get(idName)))
.source(map,XContentType.JSON));
}
}
// 2、可选的设置
/*
request.timeout("2m");
request.setRefreshPolicy("wait_for");
request.waitForActiveShards(2);
*/
//3、发送请求
// 同步请求
BulkResponse bulkResponse = client.bulk(request);
//4、处理响应
if(bulkResponse != null) {
for (BulkItemResponse bulkItemResponse : bulkResponse) {
DocWriteResponse itemResponse = bulkItemResponse.getResponse();
if (bulkItemResponse.getOpType() == DocWriteRequest.OpType.INDEX
|| bulkItemResponse.getOpType() == DocWriteRequest.OpType.CREATE) {
IndexResponse indexResponse = (IndexResponse) itemResponse;
//TODO 新增成功的处理
System.out.println("新增成功,{}"+ indexResponse.toString());
} else if (bulkItemResponse.getOpType() == DocWriteRequest.OpType.UPDATE) {
UpdateResponse updateResponse = (UpdateResponse) itemResponse;
//TODO 修改成功的处理
System.out.println("修改成功,{}"+ updateResponse.toString());
} else if (bulkItemResponse.getOpType() == DocWriteRequest.OpType.DELETE) {
DeleteResponse deleteResponse = (DeleteResponse) itemResponse;
//TODO 删除成功的处理
System.out.println("删除成功,{}"+ deleteResponse.toString());
}
}
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void main(String ags[]){
Map<String,Object> map1 = new HashMap<String, Object>();
map1.put("id","2");
map1.put("user1","bbherbert1");
map1.put("postDate","2018-08-30");
map1.put("username","aa");
map1.put("message","message");
Map<String,Object> map2 = new HashMap<String, Object>();
map2.put("id","3");
map2.put("user2","bbherbert1");
map2.put("postDate","2018-08-30");
map2.put("username","aa");
map2.put("message","message");
Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
map.put("id","1");
map.put("user","bbherbert1");
map.put("postDate","2018-08-30");
map.put("username","aa");
map.put("message","message");
List<Map<String,Object>> list = new ArrayList<Map<String, Object>>();
list.add(map);
list.add(map1);
list.add(map2);
ESUtil esUtil= new ESUtil();
esUtil.bulkDate("book15","boo","id",list);
// Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
// map.put("user","herbert1");
// map.put("postDate","2018-08-30");
// map.put("username","aa");
// map.put("message","message");
// String jsonString = JSON.toJSONString(map);
// esUtil.addData("hh","d","4",jsonString);
// esUtil.addData("hh","d","4","{" +
// "\"user\":\"kimchy\"," +
// "\"postDate\":\"2013-01-30\"," +
// "\"username\":\"zhangsan\"," +
// "\"message\":\"trying out Elasticsearch\"" +
// "}");
}
}上述简单的介绍了增加文档的操作示例。详情可参照官方API
