turtle的学习笔记

turtle库概述：

turtle（海龟）库是turtle绘图体系的python实现，1969年诞生，主要勇与程序设计入门

turtle的原理：

turtle（海龟）在窗体正中心，在画布上游走，走过的轨迹形成了绘制的图形

turtle的绘图窗体：

turtle的一个画布空间最小单位是像素

turtle.setup(width,height,startx,starty)

turtle的空间坐标体系：

turtle.goto(x,y)

turtle的基本概念：

1、turtle.penup 别名 turtle.pu()

表示抬起画笔，turtle在飞行

2、turtle.pendown 别名 turtle.pd()

表示落下画笔，turtle在爬行

3、turtle.pensize(width) 别名 turtle.width(width)

表示画笔宽度

4、turtle.pencolor(color)，期中colour为颜色字符串或RGH值

表示画笔的颜色

5、turtle.forward(d) 别名 turtle.fd(d)

表示向前进（直线），其中d表示行进距离

6、turtle.circle(r,extent=None)

表示半径r绘制extent角度的弧形，其中r表示默认圆心在turtle左侧r距离位置，extent表示角度默认369°整圆

7、turtle.sethesding(angle) 别名 turtle.seth(angle)

表示改变前进的方向

turtle绘图实例：

一、玫瑰花的绘制

import turtle

# 设置初始位置
turtle.penup()
turtle.left(90)
turtle.fd(200)
turtle.pendown()
turtle.right(90)

# 花蕊
turtle.fillcolor("red")
turtle.begin_fill()
turtle.circle(10,180)
turtle.circle(25,110)
turtle.left(50)
turtle.circle(60,45)
turtle.circle(20,170)
turtle.right(24)
turtle.fd(30)
turtle.left(10)
turtle.circle(30,110)
turtle.fd(20)
turtle.left(40)
turtle.circle(90,70)
turtle.circle(30,150)
turtle.right(30)
turtle.fd(15)
turtle.circle(80,90)
turtle.left(15)
turtle.fd(45)
turtle.right(165)
turtle.fd(20)
turtle.left(155)
turtle.circle(150,80)
turtle.left(50)
turtle.circle(150,90)
turtle.end_fill()

# 花瓣1
turtle.left(150)
turtle.circle(-90,70)
turtle.left(20)
turtle.circle(75,105)
turtle.setheading(60)
turtle.circle(80,98)
turtle.circle(-90,40)

# 花瓣2
turtle.left(180)
turtle.circle(90,40)
turtle.circle(-80,98)
turtle.setheading(-83)

# 叶子1
turtle.fd(30)
turtle.left(90)
turtle.fd(25)
turtle.left(45)
turtle.fillcolor("green")
turtle.begin_fill()
turtle.circle(-80,90)
turtle.right(90)
turtle.circle(-80,90)
turtle.end_fill()

turtle.right(135)
turtle.fd(60)
turtle.left(180)
turtle.fd(85)
turtle.left(90)
turtle.fd(80)

# 叶子2
turtle.right(90)
turtle.right(45)
turtle.fillcolor("green")
turtle.begin_fill()
turtle.circle(80,90)
turtle.left(90)
turtle.circle(80,90)
turtle.end_fill()

turtle.left(135)
turtle.fd(60)
turtle.left(180)
turtle.fd(60)
turtle.right(90)
turtle.circle(200,60)

二、“捂脸”表情

import turtle
# 画指定的任意圆弧
def arc(sa,ea,x,y,r):#start angle,end angle,circle center,radius
    turtle.penup()
    turtle.goto(x,y)
    turtle.setheading(0)
    turtle.left(sa)
    turtle.fd(r)
    turtle.pendown()
    turtle.left(90)
    turtle.circle(r,(ea-sa))
    return turtle.position()
 
turtle.hideturtle()
#画脸
turtle.speed(5)
turtle.setup(900,600,200,200)
turtle.pensize(5)
turtle.right(90)
turtle.penup()
turtle.fd(100)
turtle.left(90)
turtle.pendown()
turtle.begin_fill()
turtle.pencolor("#B26A0F")#head side color
turtle.circle(150)
turtle.fillcolor("#F9E549")#face color
turtle.end_fill()
 
#画嘴
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(77,20)
turtle.pencolor("#744702")
turtle.goto(0,50)
turtle.right(30)
turtle.fd(110)
turtle.right(90)
turtle.pendown()
turtle.begin_fill()
turtle.fillcolor("#925902")#mouth color
turtle.circle(-97,160)
turtle.goto(92,-3)
turtle.end_fill()
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(77,-25)
#画牙齿
turtle.pencolor("white")
turtle.begin_fill()
turtle.fillcolor("white")
turtle.goto(77,-24)
turtle.goto(-81,29)
turtle.goto(-70,43)
turtle.goto(77,-8)
turtle.end_fill()
 
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(0,-100)
turtle.setheading(0)
turtle.pendown()
 
#画左边眼泪
turtle.left(90)
turtle.penup()
turtle.fd(150)
turtle.right(60)
turtle.fd(-150)
turtle.pendown()
turtle.left(20)
turtle.pencolor("#155F84")#tear side color
turtle.fd(150)
turtle.right(180)
position1=turtle.position()
turtle.begin_fill()
turtle.fillcolor("#7EB0C8")#tear color
turtle.fd(150)
turtle.right(20)
turtle.left(270)
turtle.circle(-150,18)
turtle.right(52)
turtle.fd(110)
position2=turtle.position()
turtle.goto(-33,90)
turtle.end_fill()
#画右边眼泪
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(0,0)
turtle.setheading(0)
turtle.left(90)
turtle.fd(50)
turtle.right(150)
turtle.fd(150)
turtle.left(150)
turtle.fd(100)
turtle.pendown()
turtle.begin_fill()
turtle.fd(-100)
turtle.fillcolor("#7EB0C8")#tear color
turtle.right(60)
turtle.circle(150,15)
turtle.left(45)
turtle.fd(66)
turtle.goto(77,20)
turtle.end_fill()
#画眼睛
turtle.penup()
turtle.pencolor("#6C4E00")#eye color
turtle.goto(-65,75)
turtle.setheading(0)
turtle.left(27)
turtle.fd(38)
turtle.pendown()
turtle.begin_fill()
turtle.fillcolor("#6C4E00")#eye color
turtle.left(90)
turtle.circle(38,86)
turtle.goto(position2[0],position2[1])
turtle.goto(position1[0],position1[1])
turtle.end_fill()
 
#画手
turtle.pencolor("#D57E18")#hand side color
turtle.begin_fill()
turtle.fillcolor("#EFBD3D")#hand color
#第一个手指
arc(-110,10,110,-40,30)
turtle.circle(300,35)
turtle.circle(13,120)
turtle.setheading(-50)
turtle.fd(20)
turtle.setheading(130)
#第二个手指
turtle.circle(200,15)
turtle.circle(12,180)
turtle.fd(40)
turtle.setheading(137)
#第三个手指
turtle.circle(200,16)
turtle.circle(12,160)
turtle.setheading(-35)
turtle.fd(45)
turtle.setheading(140)
#第四个手指
turtle.circle(200,13)
turtle.circle(11,160)
turtle.setheading(-35)
turtle.fd(40)
turtle.setheading(145)
#第五个手指
turtle.circle(200,9)
turtle.circle(10,180)
turtle.setheading(-31)
turtle.fd(50)
#画最后手腕的部分
turtle.setheading(-45)
turtle.pensize(7)
turtle.right(5)
turtle.circle(180,35)
turtle.end_fill()
turtle.begin_fill()
turtle.setheading(-77)
turtle.pensize(5)
turtle.fd(50)
turtle.left(-270)
turtle.fd(7)
turtle.pencolor("#EFBD3D")
turtle.circle(30,180)
turtle.end_fill()
#测试
# res=arc(70,220,90,50,300)
# print(res[0],res[1])
 
turtle.done()