从本讲开始，我们开始正式地将组件。如果你参与过窗体设计，你肯定会了解什么是组件。Element的所有组件都经过精心的设计，以至于其非常美丽。
Element 03~Element 10主要讲述Basic组件，分别是
Layout 布局
Container 布局容器
Color 色彩
Typography 字体
Border 边框
Icon 图标
Button 按钮
Link 文字链接
今天我们将Layout 布局。
布局，就是把一块内容通过特定的方式来分布。比如我的博客就是25%+50%+25%来布局的。使用Element，可以轻松地对于网页进行单排甚至多排的平行布局，同时可以使网页多布局化，以适用于企业网站。
首先我们来将什么是 基础布局。基础布局，就是使用单一分栏创建基础的栅格布局。通过el-row和el-col组件，并通过el-col组件的span属性我们就可以自由地组合布局。
这里说明一下，Element的所有组件都是由el-开头。这也是和Foundation可以共存的原因。
首先给大家查看普通布局的效果：
每一种颜色都可以代表其内容。
代码实现：
<el-row>
<el-col :span="24"><div class="grid-content bg-purple-dark"></div></el-col>
</el-row>
<el-row>
<el-col :span="12"><div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div></el-col>
<el-col :span="12"><div class="grid-content bg-purple-light"></div></el-col>
</el-row>
<el-row>
<el-col :span="8"><div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div></el-col>
<el-col :span="8"><div class="grid-content bg-purple-light"></div></el-col>
<el-col :span="8"><div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div></el-col>
</el-row>
<el-row>
<el-col :span="6"><div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div></el-col>
<el-col :span="6"><div class="grid-content bg-purple-light"></div></el-col>
<el-col :span="6"><div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div></el-col>
<el-col :span="6"><div class="grid-content bg-purple-light"></div></el-col>
</el-row>
<el-row>
<el-col :span="4"><div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div></el-col>
<el-col :span="4"><div class="grid-content bg-purple-light"></div></el-col>
<el-col :span="4"><div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div></el-col>
<el-col :span="4"><div class="grid-content bg-purple-light"></div></el-col>
<el-col :span="4"><div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div></el-col>
<el-col :span="4"><div class="grid-content bg-purple-light"></div></el-col>
</el-row>
<style>
.el-row {
margin-bottom: 20px;
&:last-child {
margin-bottom: 0;
}
}
.el-col {
border-radius: 4px;
}
.bg-purple-dark {
background: #99a9bf;
}
.bg-purple {
background: #d3dce6;
}
.bg-purple-light {
background: #e5e9f2;
}
.grid-content {
border-radius: 4px;
min-height: 36px;
}
.row-bg {
padding: 10px 0;
background-color: #f9fafc;
}
</style>提示：这里的颜色使用CSS效果实现。
如何在分栏里面实现间隔呢？不要急，马上就来。
是不是你要的效果？el-row 组件 提供gutter属性来指定每一栏之间的间隔，默认间隔为 0。
<el-row :gutter="20">
<el-col :span="6"><div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div></el-col>
<el-col :span="6"><div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div></el-col>
<el-col :span="6"><div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div></el-col>
<el-col :span="6"><div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div></el-col>
</el-row>
<style>
.el-row {
margin-bottom: 20px;
&:last-child {
margin-bottom: 0;
}
}
.el-col {
border-radius: 4px;
}
.bg-purple-dark {
background: #99a9bf;
}
.bg-purple {
background: #d3dce6;
}
.bg-purple-light {
background: #e5e9f2;
}
.grid-content {
border-radius: 4px;
min-height: 36px;
}
.row-bg {
padding: 10px 0;
background-color: #f9fafc;
}
</style>怎么样，样子出来了吧！
如果你想要多个布局，（混合布局），就像这样：
其实也简单，官方的解释是：通过基础的 \(\frac {{1}} {{24}}\) 分栏任意扩展组合形成较为复杂的混合布局。通过制定el-col组件的offset属性可以指定分栏偏移的栏数。
代码：
<el-row :gutter="20">
<el-col :span="16"><div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div></el-col>
<el-col :span="8"><div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div></el-col>
</el-row>
<el-row :gutter="20">
<el-col :span="8"><div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div></el-col>
<el-col :span="8"><div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div></el-col>
<el-col :span="4"><div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div></el-col>
<el-col :span="4"><div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div></el-col>
</el-row>
<el-row :gutter="20">
<el-col :span="4"><div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div></el-col>
<el-col :span="16"><div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div></el-col>
<el-col :span="4"><div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div></el-col>
</el-row>
<style>
.el-row {
margin-bottom: 20px;
&:last-child {
margin-bottom: 0;
}
}
.el-col {
border-radius: 4px;
}
.bg-purple-dark {
background: #99a9bf;
}
.bg-purple {
background: #d3dce6;
}
.bg-purple-light {
background: #e5e9f2;
}
.grid-content {
border-radius: 4px;
min-height: 36px;
}
.row-bg {
padding: 10px 0;
background-color: #f9fafc;
}
</style>要移一点位置？很简单，偏移就可以了。
<el-row :gutter="20">
<el-col :span="6"><div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div></el-col>
<el-col :span="6" :offset="6"><div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div></el-col>
</el-row>
<el-row :gutter="20">
<el-col :span="6" :offset="6"><div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div></el-col>
<el-col :span="6" :offset="6"><div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div></el-col>
</el-row>
<el-row :gutter="20">
<el-col :span="12" :offset="6"><div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div></el-col>
</el-row>
<style>
.el-row {
margin-bottom: 20px;
&:last-child {
margin-bottom: 0;
}
}
.el-col {
border-radius: 4px;
}
.bg-purple-dark {
background: #99a9bf;
}
.bg-purple {
background: #d3dce6;
}
.bg-purple-light {
background: #e5e9f2;
}
.grid-content {
border-radius: 4px;
min-height: 36px;
}
.row-bg {
padding: 10px 0;
background-color: #f9fafc;
}
</style>通过flex布局来对分栏进行灵活的对齐。
对齐方式：
将 type 属性赋值为 'flex'，可以启用 flex 布局，并可通过 justify 属性来指定 start, center, end, space-between, space-around 其中的值来定义子元素的排版方式。
<el-row type="flex" class="row-bg">
<el-col :span="6"><div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div></el-col>
<el-col :span="6"><div class="grid-content bg-purple-light"></div></el-col>
<el-col :span="6"><div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div></el-col>
</el-row>
<el-row type="flex" class="row-bg" justify="center">
<el-col :span="6"><div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div></el-col>
<el-col :span="6"><div class="grid-content bg-purple-light"></div></el-col>
<el-col :span="6"><div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div></el-col>
</el-row>
<el-row type="flex" class="row-bg" justify="end">
<el-col :span="6"><div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div></el-col>
<el-col :span="6"><div class="grid-content bg-purple-light"></div></el-col>
<el-col :span="6"><div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div></el-col>
</el-row>
<el-row type="flex" class="row-bg" justify="space-between">
<el-col :span="6"><div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div></el-col>
<el-col :span="6"><div class="grid-content bg-purple-light"></div></el-col>
<el-col :span="6"><div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div></el-col>
</el-row>
<el-row type="flex" class="row-bg" justify="space-around">
<el-col :span="6"><div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div></el-col>
<el-col :span="6"><div class="grid-content bg-purple-light"></div></el-col>
<el-col :span="6"><div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div></el-col>
</el-row>
<style>
.el-row {
margin-bottom: 20px;
&:last-child {
margin-bottom: 0;
}
}
.el-col {
border-radius: 4px;
}
.bg-purple-dark {
background: #99a9bf;
}
.bg-purple {
background: #d3dce6;
}
.bg-purple-light {
background: #e5e9f2;
}
.grid-content {
border-radius: 4px;
min-height: 36px;
}
.row-bg {
padding: 10px 0;
background-color: #f9fafc;
}
</style>响应式参考了BootStrap，预设5个响应尺寸：xs、sm、md、lg 和xl
<el-row :gutter="10">
<el-col :xs="8" :sm="6" :md="4" :lg="3" :xl="1"><div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div></el-col>
<el-col :xs="4" :sm="6" :md="8" :lg="9" :xl="11"><div class="grid-content bg-purple-light"></div></el-col>
<el-col :xs="4" :sm="6" :md="8" :lg="9" :xl="11"><div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div></el-col>
<el-col :xs="8" :sm="6" :md="4" :lg="3" :xl="1"><div class="grid-content bg-purple-light"></div></el-col>
</el-row>
<style>
.el-col {
border-radius: 4px;
}
.bg-purple-dark {
background: #99a9bf;
}
.bg-purple {
background: #d3dce6;
}
.bg-purple-light {
background: #e5e9f2;
}
.grid-content {
border-radius: 4px;
min-height: 36px;
}
</style>此外，提供基于断点的隐藏类：Element 额外提供了一系列类名，用于在某些条件下隐藏元素。这些类名可以添加在任何 DOM 元素或自定义组件上。如果需要，请自行引入以下文件：
import 'element-ui/lib/theme-chalk/display.css';包含的类名及其含义为：
hidden-xs-only - 当视口在 xs 尺寸时隐藏
hidden-sm-only - 当视口在 sm 尺寸时隐藏
hidden-sm-and-down - 当视口在 sm 及以下尺寸时隐藏
hidden-sm-and-up - 当视口在 sm 及以上尺寸时隐藏
hidden-md-only - 当视口在 md 尺寸时隐藏
hidden-md-and-down - 当视口在 md 及以下尺寸时隐藏
hidden-md-and-up - 当视口在 md 及以上尺寸时隐藏
hidden-lg-only - 当视口在 lg 尺寸时隐藏
hidden-lg-and-down - 当视口在 lg 及以下尺寸时隐藏
hidden-lg-and-up - 当视口在 lg 及以上尺寸时隐藏
hidden-xl-only - 当视口在 xl 尺寸时隐藏
el-row元素列表：
| 参数 | 说明 | 类型 | 可选值 | 默认值 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| gutter | 栅格间隔 | number | - | 0 |
| type | 布局模式，可选flex，现代浏览器下有效 | String | — | — |
| justify | flex 布局下的水平排列方式 | string | start/end/center/space-around/space-between | start |
| align | flex 布局下的垂直排列方式 | string | top/middle/bottom | top |
| tag | 自定义元素标签 | string | * | div |
el-col元素列表
| 参数 | 说明 | 类型 | 可选值 | 默认值 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| span | 栅格占据的列数 | number | — | 24 |
| offset | 栅格左侧的间隔格数 | number | — | 0 |
| push | 栅格向右移动格数 | number | — | 0 |
| pull | 栅格向左移动格数 | number | — | 0 |
| xs | <768px | 响应式栅格数或者栅格属性对象 | number/object (例如： {span: 4, offset: 4}) | — |
| sm | ≥768px | 响应式栅格数或者栅格属性对象 | number/object (例如： {span: 4, offset: 4}) | — |
| md | ≥992px | 响应式栅格数或者栅格属性对象 | number/object (例如： {span: 4, offset: 4}) | — |
| lg | ≥1200px | 响应式栅格数或者栅格属性对象 | number/object (例如： {span: 4, offset: 4}) | — |
| xl | ≥1920px | 响应式栅格数或者栅格属性对象 | number/object (例如： {span: 4, offset: 4}) | — |
| tag | 自定义元素标签 | string | * | div |
表格、源代码搬运自官方文档：https://element.eleme.cn/#/zh-CN/component/layout