Docker Image 命令详解
- 1、Docker 版本和信息查看
- 2、Docker Image Help Command 帮助信息查看
- 3、Docker Image Pull 下载镜像
- 4、Docker Image Ls 镜像查看
- 5、Docker Image Prune 清除镜像
- 6、Docker Image Rm 删除指定镜像
- 7、Docker Image Tag 对原有的镜像打 tag，生成新镜像
- 8、Docker Image Save 保存镜像
- 9、Docker Image Load 加载镜像
- 10、Docker Image History 显示镜像的操作历史
- 11、Docker Image Inspect 显示镜像的详细信息
- 12、Docker Image Import 从归档文件中创建镜像
- 13、Docker Image Push 上传镜像只仓库
- 14、Docker Image Build 创建镜像
- 15、Docker Search 镜像搜索
1、Docker 版本和信息查看
[root@Tang ~]# docker info
Client:
Debug Mode: false
Server:
Containers: 0
Running: 0
Paused: 0
Stopped: 0
Images: 2
Server Version: 19.03.5
Storage Driver: overlay2
Backing Filesystem: xfs
Supports d_type: true
Native Overlay Diff: true
Logging Driver: json-file
Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
Plugins:
Volume: local
Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay
Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
Swarm: inactive
Runtimes: runc
Default Runtime: runc
Init Binary: docker-init
containerd version: b34a5c8af56e510852c35414db4c1f4fa6172339
runc version: 3e425f80a8c931f88e6d94a8c831b9d5aa481657
init version: fec3683
Security Options:
seccomp
Profile: default
Kernel Version: 3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64
Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
OSType: linux
Architecture: x86_64
CPUs: 4
Total Memory: 7.556GiB
Name: Tang
ID: ZTPM:GZBM:YJT6:4QY7:DW56:75VC:HLEO:3UDF:XINY:RRQM:LYDK:K7OV
Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
Debug Mode: false
Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
Labels:
Experimental: false
Insecure Registries:
127.0.0.0/8
Registry Mirrors:
https://registry.docker-cn.com/
https://pz9**4bz.mirror.aliyuncs.com/
Live Restore Enabled: false
WARNING: bridge-nf-call-iptables is disabled
WARNING: bridge-nf-call-ip6tables is disabled
2、Docker Image Help Command 帮助信息查看
2.1 Docker Image 帮助查看
[root@Tang ~]# docker image help
Usage: docker image COMMAND
Manage images
Commands:
build Build an image from a Dockerfile
history Show the history of an image
import Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
inspect Display detailed information on one or more images
load Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
ls List images
prune Remove unused images
pull Pull an image or a repository from a registry
push Push an image or a repository to a registry
rm Remove one or more images
save Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
tag Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE
Run 'docker image COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.
2.2 Docker Image COMMAND 子命令帮助查看
[root@Tang ~]# docker image build --help
[root@Tang ~]# docker image ls --help
... ...
3、Docker Image Pull 下载镜像
[root@Tang ~]# docker image pull --help
Usage: docker image pull [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG|@DIGEST]
Pull an image or a repository from a registry
Options:
-a, --all-tags Download all tagged images in the repository
--disable-content-trust Skip image verification (default true)
-q, --quiet Suppress verbose output
[root@Tang ~]# docker image pull centos:7 # 下载 centos:7 镜像
7: Pulling from library/centos
ab5ef0e58194: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:4a701376d03f6b39b8c2a8f4a8e499441b0d567f9ab9d58e4991de4472fb813c
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:7
docker.io/library/centos:7
4、Docker Image Ls 镜像查看
[root@Tang ~]# docker image ls --help
Usage: docker image ls [OPTIONS] [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
List images
Aliases:
ls, images, list
Options:
-a, --all Show all images (default hides intermediate images)
--digests Show digests
-f, --filter filter Filter output based on conditions provided
--format string Pretty-print images using a Go template
--no-trunc Don't truncate output
-q, --quiet Only show numeric IDs
[root@Tang ~]# docker image ls # 可以看到刚才下载的 centos:7 镜像
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx latest 4152a9608752 5 days ago 126MB
centos 7 5e35e350aded 13 days ago 203MB
busybox latest 020584afccce 3 weeks ago 1.22MB
5、Docker Image Prune 清除镜像
慎用此命令，此命令会把所有未使用的镜像进行删除。
[root@Tang ~]# docker image prune --help
Usage: docker image prune [OPTIONS]
Remove unused images
Options:
-a, --all Remove all unused images, not just dangling ones
--filter filter Provide filter values (e.g. 'until=<timestamp>')
-f, --force Do not prompt for confirmation # 不提示确认信息
6、Docker Image Rm 删除指定镜像
[root@Tang ~]# docker image rm --help
Usage: docker image rm [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]
Remove one or more images
Aliases:
rm, rmi, remove
Options:
-f, --force Force removal of the image
--no-prune Do not delete untagged parents
[root@Tang ~]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx latest 4152a9608752 5 days ago 126MB
centos 7 5e35e350aded 13 days ago 203MB
busybox latest 020584afccce 3 weeks ago 1.22MB
[root@Tang ~]# docker image rm nginx:latest # 删除 nginx:latest 镜像
Untagged: nginx:latest
Untagged: nginx@sha256:9916837e6b165e967e2beb5a586b1c980084d08eb3b3d7f79178a0c79426d880
Deleted: sha256:4152a960875253728e0ba43da37d023e4626c43a268ca0a9c6083119542119fb
Deleted: sha256:1cdfdca2c291c5d20901fcedf580cfb67252d515e4d8bcbd5c9f0d60d7a1ee10
Deleted: sha256:dd9ce25e5c89862300ac75fc6cd2071c572aabeff7e4685238a1d41066af6500
Deleted: sha256:b67d19e65ef653823ed62a5835399c610a40e8205c16f839c5cc567954fcf594
[root@Tang ~]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
centos 7 5e35e350aded 13 days ago 203MB
busybox latest 020584afccce 3 weeks ago 1.22MB
7、Docker Image Tag 对原有的镜像打 tag，生成新镜像
[root@Tang ~]# docker image tag --help
Usage: docker image tag SOURCE_IMAGE[:TAG] TARGET_IMAGE[:TAG]
Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE
[root@Tang ~]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
centos 7 5e35e350aded 13 days ago 203MB
busybox latest 020584afccce 3 weeks ago 1.22MB
### 源镜像是 busybox:latest，目的镜像是 busybox:v.1125 ###
[root@Tang ~]# docker image tag busybox:latest busybox:v.1125
[root@Tang ~]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
centos 7 5e35e350aded 13 days ago 203MB
busybox latest 020584afccce 3 weeks ago 1.22MB
busybox v.1125 020584afccce 3 weeks ago 1.22MB
8、Docker Image Save 保存镜像
[root@Tang ~]# docker image save --help
Usage: docker image save [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]
Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
Options:
-o, --output string Write to a file, instead of STDOUT
[root@Tang ~]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
centos 7 5e35e350aded 13 days ago 203MB
busybox latest 020584afccce 3 weeks ago 1.22MB
busybox v.1125 020584afccce 3 weeks ago 1.22MB
[root@Tang ~]# docker image save busybox:v.1125 > myimage.tar # 直接保存到当前目录
[root@Tang ~]# ls my*
myimage.tar
[root@Tang ~]# docker image save busybox:latest -o /root/mybusyboximage.tar # 保存到别的目录
[root@Tang ~]# ls my*
mybusyboximage.tar myimage.tar
9、Docker Image Load 加载镜像
Load 和 Save 常结合起来，对镜像进行传输。具体的可查看以下链接。
使用 Docker Image Save 和 Load 实现对 Docker 镜像的传输
[root@Tang ~]# docker image load --help
Usage: docker image load [OPTIONS]
Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
Options:
-i, --input string Read from tar archive file, instead of STDIN
-q, --quiet Suppress the load output
[root@Tang ~]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
centos 7 5e35e350aded 13 days ago 203MB
busybox latest 020584afccce 3 weeks ago 1.22MB
busybox v.1125 020584afccce 3 weeks ago 1.22MB
[root@Tang ~]# docker image rm busybox:v.1125 # 删除镜像 busybox:v.1125
Untagged: busybox:v.1125
[root@Tang ~]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
centos 7 5e35e350aded 13 days ago 203MB
busybox latest 020584afccce 3 weeks ago 1.22MB
[root@Tang ~]# docker load < myimage.tar # 加载镜像 busybox:v.1125
Loaded image: busybox:v.1125
[root@Tang ~]# docker image ls # 加载成功
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
centos 7 5e35e350aded 13 days ago 203MB
busybox latest 020584afccce 3 weeks ago 1.22MB
busybox v.1125 020584afccce 3 weeks ago 1.22MB
[root@Tang ~]# docker image rm busybox:latest # 删除镜像 busybox:latest
Untagged: busybox:latest
[root@Tang ~]# docker image ls # 删除成功
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
centos 7 5e35e350aded 13 days ago 203MB
busybox v.1125 020584afccce 3 weeks ago 1.22MB
[root@Tang ~]# docker load -i /root/mybusyboximage.tar # 指定加载镜像的源
Loaded image: busybox:latest
[root@Tang ~]# docker image ls # 镜像加载成功
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
centos 7 5e35e350aded 13 days ago 203MB
busybox latest 020584afccce 3 weeks ago 1.22MB
busybox v.1125 020584afccce 3 weeks ago 1.22MB
10、Docker Image History 显示镜像的操作历史
[root@Tang ~]# docker image history --help
Usage: docker image history [OPTIONS] IMAGE
Show the history of an image
Options:
--format string Pretty-print images using a Go template
-H, --human Print sizes and dates in human readable format (default true)
--no-trunc Don't truncate output
-q, --quiet Only show numeric IDs
[root@Tang ~]# docker image history busybox:latest
IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT
020584afccce 3 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["sh"] 0B
<missing> 3 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:1141b81e5149cc37c… 1.22MB
[root@Tang ~]# docker image history centos:7
IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT
5e35e350aded 13 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["/bin/bash"] 0B
<missing> 13 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) LABEL org.label-schema.sc… 0B
<missing> 13 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:45a381049c52b5664… 203MB
11、Docker Image Inspect 显示镜像的详细信息
[root@Tang ~]# docker image inspect --help
Usage: docker image inspect [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]
Display detailed information on one or more images
Options:
-f, --format string Format the output using the given Go template
[root@Tang ~]# docker image inspect centos:7 # 显示 CentOS:7 的详细信息
[
{
"Id": "sha256:5e35e350aded98340bc8fcb0ba392d809c807bc3eb5c618d4a0674d98d88bccd",
"RepoTags": [
"centos:7"
],
"RepoDigests": [
"centos@sha256:4a701376d03f6b39b8c2a8f4a8e499441b0d567f9ab9d58e4991de4472fb813c"
],
"Parent": "",
"Comment": "",
"Created": "2019-11-12T00:20:33.943019377Z",
"Container": "66db091183f2f98b5f52eace5d6d4d6662af823bd85640b2afa4d42ffbe9b03e",
"ContainerConfig": {
"Hostname": "66db091183f2",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/sh",
"-c",
"#(nop) ",
"CMD [\"/bin/bash\"]"
],
"ArgsEscaped": true,
"Image": "sha256:a0232440f519e6fde80830ff51d9c6bf6ef628b844a826986f995c635baa4ff9",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20191001",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"DockerVersion": "18.06.1-ce",
"Author": "",
"Config": {
"Hostname": "",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/bash"
],
"ArgsEscaped": true,
"Image": "sha256:a0232440f519e6fde80830ff51d9c6bf6ef628b844a826986f995c635baa4ff9",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20191001",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"Architecture": "amd64",
"Os": "linux",
"Size": 203001545,
"VirtualSize": 203001545,
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/a3d731ecf92becdac1114f6c381ea8b945f70dfdce56f87494b71e095d21c0c4/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/a3d731ecf92becdac1114f6c381ea8b945f70dfdce56f87494b71e095d21c0c4/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/a3d731ecf92becdac1114f6c381ea8b945f70dfdce56f87494b71e095d21c0c4/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"RootFS": {
"Type": "layers",
"Layers": [
"sha256:77b174a6a187b610e4699546bd973a8d1e77663796e3724318a2a4b24cb07ea0"
]
},
"Metadata": {
"LastTagTime": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
}
}
]
12、Docker Image Import 从归档文件中创建镜像
[root@Tang ~]# docker image import --help
Usage: docker image import [OPTIONS] file|URL|- [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
Options:
-c, --change list Apply Dockerfile instruction to the created image
-m, --message string Set commit message for imported image
[root@Tang ~]# docker image import myimage.tar # 一般需要指定镜像名字
sha256:126eb2a67c6b346d9eeadb98eb4e281a353d169c01c709513e89e70b545d8da2
[root@Tang ~]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
<none> <none> 126eb2a67c6b 6 seconds ago 1.44MB
centos 7 5e35e350aded 13 days ago 203MB
busybox latest 020584afccce 3 weeks ago 1.22MB
busybox v.1125 020584afccce 3 weeks ago 1.22MB
[root@Tang ~]# docker image import myimage.tar busybox:v112502
sha256:c9be125a00e8f84232ea8a2493ed7391886e34feb71ed91f20999e98fa7d7b2a
[root@Tang ~]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
busybox v112502 c9be125a00e8 4 seconds ago 1.44MB
<none> <none> 126eb2a67c6b 33 seconds ago 1.44MB
centos 7 5e35e350aded 13 days ago 203MB
busybox latest 020584afccce 3 weeks ago 1.22MB
busybox v.1125 020584afccce 3 weeks ago 1.22MB
13、Docker Image Push 上传镜像只仓库
[root@Tang ~]# docker image push --help
Usage: docker image push [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG]
Push an image or a repository to a registry
Options:
--disable-content-trust Skip image signing (default true)
14、Docker Image Build 创建镜像
后续会有 博客 详细介绍此命令的使用。
[root@Tang ~]# docker image build --help
Usage: docker image build [OPTIONS] PATH | URL | -
Build an image from a Dockerfile
Options:
--add-host list Add a custom host-to-IP mapping (host:ip)
--build-arg list Set build-time variables
--cache-from strings Images to consider as cache sources
--cgroup-parent string Optional parent cgroup for the container
--compress Compress the build context using gzip
--cpu-period int Limit the CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) period
--cpu-quota int Limit the CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) quota
-c, --cpu-shares int CPU shares (relative weight)
--cpuset-cpus string CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
--cpuset-mems string MEMs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
--disable-content-trust Skip image verification (default true)
-f, --file string Name of the Dockerfile (Default is 'PATH/Dockerfile')
--force-rm Always remove intermediate containers
--iidfile string Write the image ID to the file
--isolation string Container isolation technology
--label list Set metadata for an image
-m, --memory bytes Memory limit
--memory-swap bytes Swap limit equal to memory plus swap: '-1' to enable unlimited swap
--network string Set the networking mode for the RUN instructions during build (default "default")
--no-cache Do not use cache when building the image
--pull Always attempt to pull a newer version of the image
-q, --quiet Suppress the build output and print image ID on success
--rm Remove intermediate containers after a successful build (default true)
--security-opt strings Security options
--shm-size bytes Size of /dev/shm
-t, --tag list Name and optionally a tag in the 'name:tag' format
--target string Set the target build stage to build.
--ulimit ulimit Ulimit options (default [])
15、Docker Search 镜像搜索
[root@Tang ~]# docker search --hep
unknown flag: --hep
See 'docker search --help'.
[root@Tang ~]# docker search --help
Usage: docker search [OPTIONS] TERM
Search the Docker Hub for images
Options:
-f, --filter filter Filter output based on conditions provided
--format string Pretty-print search using a Go template
--limit int Max number of search results (default 25)
--no-trunc Don't truncate output
[root@Tang ~]# docker search centos
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
centos The official build of CentOS. 5696 [OK]
ansible/centos7-ansible Ansible on Centos7 126 [OK]
jdeathe/centos-ssh OpenSSH / Supervisor / EPEL/IUS/SCL Repos - … 114 [OK]
consol/centos-xfce-vnc Centos container with "headless" VNC session… 100 [OK]
| 序号 | 参数 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | NAME | 镜像名称 |
| 2 | DESCRIPTION | 镜像说明 |
| 3 | STARS | 点赞数量 |
| 4 | OFFICIAL | 是否官方版本 |
| 5 | AUTOMATED | 是否自动构建版本 |
