dubbo之所以可以提供流畅的RPC服务，和一个稳定、可靠的分布式系统的可靠协调者是分不开的
dubbo列举了支持的注册中，不过大多数使用中都会偏向zookeeper作为自己的注册中心
zookeeper是Hadoop的一个子项目是分布式系统的可靠协调者，他提供了配置维护，名字服务，分布式同步等服务。
启动工程之后，我们在zookeeper节点上会看到dubbo留下的注册信息
因为zookeeper中不能存特殊字符所以，子节点的内容做过转码。
对应于dubbo官方文档中的结构
在之前介绍服务的暴露和调用中提到过一个类RegistryProtocol
服务暴露时会export
public <T> Exporter<T> export(final Invoker<T> originInvoker) throws RpcException {
//export invoker
final ExporterChangeableWrapper<T> exporter = doLocalExport(originInvoker);
//registry provider
final Registry registry = getRegistry(originInvoker);
final URL registedProviderUrl = getRegistedProviderUrl(originInvoker);
registry.register(registedProviderUrl);
// 订阅override数据
// FIXME 提供者订阅时，会影响同一JVM即暴露服务，又引用同一服务的的场景，因为subscribed以服务名为缓存的key，导致订阅信息覆盖。
final URL overrideSubscribeUrl = getSubscribedOverrideUrl(registedProviderUrl);
final OverrideListener overrideSubscribeListener = new OverrideListener(overrideSubscribeUrl);
overrideListeners.put(overrideSubscribeUrl, overrideSubscribeListener);
registry.subscribe(overrideSubscribeUrl, overrideSubscribeListener);
//保证每次export都返回一个新的exporter实例
return new Exporter<T>() {
public Invoker<T> getInvoker() {
return exporter.getInvoker();
}
public void unexport() {
try {
exporter.unexport();
} catch (Throwable t) {
logger.warn(t.getMessage(), t);
}
try {
registry.unregister(registedProviderUrl);
} catch (Throwable t) {
logger.warn(t.getMessage(), t);
}
try {
overrideListeners.remove(overrideSubscribeUrl);
registry.unsubscribe(overrideSubscribeUrl, overrideSubscribeListener);
} catch (Throwable t) {
logger.warn(t.getMessage(), t);
}
}
};
}服务调用时会refer
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public <T> Invoker<T> refer(Class<T> type, URL url) throws RpcException {
url = url.setProtocol(url.getParameter(Constants.REGISTRY_KEY, Constants.DEFAULT_REGISTRY)).removeParameter(Constants.REGISTRY_KEY);
Registry registry = registryFactory.getRegistry(url);
if (RegistryService.class.equals(type)) {
return proxyFactory.getInvoker((T) registry, type, url);
}
// group="a,b" or group="*"
Map<String, String> qs = StringUtils.parseQueryString(url.getParameterAndDecoded(Constants.REFER_KEY));
String group = qs.get(Constants.GROUP_KEY);
if (group != null && group.length() > 0 ) {
if ( ( Constants.COMMA_SPLIT_PATTERN.split( group ) ).length > 1
|| "*".equals( group ) ) {
return doRefer( getMergeableCluster(), registry, type, url );
}
}
return doRefer(cluster, registry, type, url);
}根据配置利用Dubbo的SPI机制获取具体注册中心注册器
Registry registry = registryFactory.getRegistry(url);
接口 RegistryFactory 的抽象方法Registry getRegistry(URL url);
其中AbstractRegistryFactory 是一个抽象类
public abstract class AbstractRegistryFactory implements RegistryFactory
public Registry getRegistry(URL url) {
url = url.setPath(RegistryService.class.getName())
.addParameter(Constants.INTERFACE_KEY, RegistryService.class.getName())
.removeParameters(Constants.EXPORT_KEY, Constants.REFER_KEY);
String key = url.toServiceString();
// 锁定注册中心获取过程，保证注册中心单一实例
LOCK.lock();
try {
Registry registry = REGISTRIES.get(key);
if (registry != null) {
return registry;
}
registry = createRegistry(url);
if (registry == null) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Can not create registry " + url);
}
REGISTRIES.put(key, registry);
return registry;
} finally {
// 释放锁
LOCK.unlock();
}
}registry = createRegistry(url);是关键
因为这里我们只介绍zookeeper所以继续分析ZookeeperRegistryFactory
public class ZookeeperRegistryFactory extends AbstractRegistryFactory {
private ZookeeperTransporter zookeeperTransporter;
public void setZookeeperTransporter(ZookeeperTransporter zookeeperTransporter) {
this.zookeeperTransporter = zookeeperTransporter;
}
public Registry createRegistry(URL url) {
return new ZookeeperRegistry(url, zookeeperTransporter);
}
}这里创建zookeepr注册器ZookeeperRegistry
ZookeeperTransporter是操作zookeepr的客户端的工厂类，用来创建zookeeper客户端，这里客户端并不是zookeeper源代码的自带的，而是采用第三方工具包，主要来简化对zookeeper的操作，例如用zookeeper做注册中心需要对zookeeper节点添加watcher做反向推送，但是每次回调后节点的watcher都会被删除，这些客户会自动维护了这些watcher，在自动添加到节点上去。
zkClient 和 curator 是zookeeper的二个开源客户端
dubbo默认使用zkclient。其实curator的使用也很不错，都封装了很多zookeeper的操作，简化了调用
public ZkclientZookeeperClient(URL url) {
super(url);
client = new ZkClient(url.getBackupAddress());
client.subscribeStateChanges(new IZkStateListener() {
public void handleStateChanged(KeeperState state) throws Exception {
ZkclientZookeeperClient.this.state = state;
if (state == KeeperState.Disconnected) {
stateChanged(StateListener.DISCONNECTED);
} else if (state == KeeperState.SyncConnected) {
stateChanged(StateListener.CONNECTED);
}
}
public void handleNewSession() throws Exception {
stateChanged(StateListener.RECONNECTED);
}
});
}继续回到ZookeeperRegistryFactory 的createRegistry方法
public class ZookeeperRegistryFactory extends AbstractRegistryFactory {
private ZookeeperTransporter zookeeperTransporter;
public void setZookeeperTransporter(ZookeeperTransporter zookeeperTransporter) {
this.zookeeperTransporter = zookeeperTransporter;
}
public Registry createRegistry(URL url) {
return new ZookeeperRegistry(url, zookeeperTransporter);
}
}public class ZookeeperRegistry extends FailbackRegistry {
private final static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ZookeeperRegistry.class);
private final static int DEFAULT_ZOOKEEPER_PORT = 2181;
private final static String DEFAULT_ROOT = "dubbo";
private final String root;
private final Set<String> anyServices = new ConcurrentHashSet<String>();
private final ConcurrentMap<URL, ConcurrentMap<NotifyListener, ChildListener>> zkListeners = new ConcurrentHashMap<URL, ConcurrentMap<NotifyListener, ChildListener>>();
private final ZookeeperClient zkClient;
public ZookeeperRegistry(URL url, ZookeeperTransporter zookeeperTransporter) {
super(url);
if (url.isAnyHost()) {
throw new IllegalStateException("registry address == null");
}
String group = url.getParameter(Constants.GROUP_KEY, DEFAULT_ROOT);
if (! group.startsWith(Constants.PATH_SEPARATOR)) {
group = Constants.PATH_SEPARATOR + group;
}
this.root = group;
zkClient = zookeeperTransporter.connect(url);
zkClient.addStateListener(new StateListener() {
public void stateChanged(int state) {
if (state == RECONNECTED) {
try {
recover();
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.error(e.getMessage(), e);
}
}
}
});
}RECONNECTED 是zookeeper的一个会话状态
ZookeeperRegistry 还有其他一些重要方法
销毁连接destroy
public void destroy() {
super.destroy();
try {
zkClient.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.warn("Failed to close zookeeper client " + getUrl() + ", cause: " + e.getMessage(), e);
}
}
protected void doRegister(URL url) {
try {
zkClient.create(toUrlPath(url), url.getParameter(Constants.DYNAMIC_KEY, true));
} catch (Throwable e) {
throw new RpcException("Failed to register " + url + " to zookeeper " + getUrl() + ", cause: " + e.getMessage(), e);
}
}
订阅url， 功能是服务消费端订阅服务提供方在zookeeper上注册地址
protected void doSubscribe(final URL url, final NotifyListener listener) {
try {
if (Constants.ANY_VALUE.equals(url.getServiceInterface())) {
String root = toRootPath();
ConcurrentMap<NotifyListener, ChildListener> listeners = zkListeners.get(url);
if (listeners == null) {
zkListeners.putIfAbsent(url, new ConcurrentHashMap<NotifyListener, ChildListener>());
listeners = zkListeners.get(url);
}
ChildListener zkListener = listeners.get(listener);
if (zkListener == null) {
listeners.putIfAbsent(listener, new ChildListener() {
public void childChanged(String parentPath, List<String> currentChilds) {
for (String child : currentChilds) {
if (! anyServices.contains(child)) {
anyServices.add(child);
subscribe(url.setPath(child).addParameters(Constants.INTERFACE_KEY, child,
Constants.CHECK_KEY, String.valueOf(false)), listener);
}
}
}
});
zkListener = listeners.get(listener);
}
zkClient.create(root, false);
List<String> services = zkClient.addChildListener(root, zkListener);
if (services != null && services.size() > 0) {
anyServices.addAll(services);
for (String service : services) {
subscribe(url.setPath(service).addParameters(Constants.INTERFACE_KEY, service,
Constants.CHECK_KEY, String.valueOf(false)), listener);
}
}
} else {
List<URL> urls = new ArrayList<URL>();
for (String path : toCategoriesPath(url)) {
ConcurrentMap<NotifyListener, ChildListener> listeners = zkListeners.get(url);
if (listeners == null) {
zkListeners.putIfAbsent(url, new ConcurrentHashMap<NotifyListener, ChildListener>());
listeners = zkListeners.get(url);
}
ChildListener zkListener = listeners.get(listener);
if (zkListener == null) {
listeners.putIfAbsent(listener, new ChildListener() {
public void childChanged(String parentPath, List<String> currentChilds) {
ZookeeperRegistry.this.notify(url, listener, toUrlsWithEmpty(url, parentPath, currentChilds));
}
});
zkListener = listeners.get(listener);
}
zkClient.create(path, false);
List<String> children = zkClient.addChildListener(path, zkListener);
if (children != null) {
urls.addAll(toUrlsWithEmpty(url, path, children));
}
}
notify(url, listener, urls);
}
} catch (Throwable e) {
throw new RpcException("Failed to subscribe " + url + " to zookeeper " + getUrl() + ", cause: " + e.getMessage(), e);
}
}这里代码比较绕，我复制了一段解释，方便大家理解
1) 对传入url的serviceInterface是*代表订阅url目录下所有节点即所有服务，这个注册中心需要订阅所有
2) 如果指定了订阅接口通过toCategoriesPath(url)转换需要订阅的url
如传入url consumer://10.33.37.8/com.alibaba.dubbo.demo.DemoService?application=demo-consumer&category=providers,configurators,routers&dubbo=2.5.4-SNAPSHOT&interface=com.alibaba.dubbo.demo.DemoService&methods=sayHello&pid=4088&side=consumer×tamp=1417405597808
转换成urls
/dubbo/com.alibaba.dubbo.demo.DemoService/providers,/dubbo/com.alibaba.dubbo.demo.DemoService/configurators, /dubbo/com.alibaba.dubbo.demo.DemoService/routers
3) 适配传入的回调接口NotifyListener,转换成dubbo对zookeeper操作的ChildListener
4)以/dubbo/com.alibaba.dubbo.demo.DemoService/providers为例创建节点zkClient.create(path, false);
但是一般情况下如果服务提供者已经提供服务，那么这个目录节点应该已经存在，Dubbo在Client层屏蔽掉了创建异常。
5) 以/dubbo/com.alibaba.dubbo.demo.DemoService/providers为例给节点添加监听器，返回所有子目录
List<String> children = zkClient.addChildListener(path, zkListener);
if (children !=null) {urls.addAll(toUrlsWithEmpty(url, path,hildren));}
toUrlsWtihEmpty用来配置是不是需要订阅的url，是加入集合
6） 主动根据得到服务提供者urls回调NotifyListener,引用服务提供者生成invoker可执行对象
5. 取消订阅url， 只是去掉url上的注册的监听器