AlertDialog对话框的使用及示例

其他 2020-03-11 23:12:33 阅读次数: 0

AlertDialog对话框用于提示一些重要信息或者显示一些需要用户额外交互的内容。它一般以小窗口的形式展示在界面上。使用AlertDialog创建的对话框一般包含标题、内容和按钮三个区域。

创建AlertDialog对话框步骤:

  1. 调用AlertDialog的静态内部类Builder创建AlertDialog.Builder的对象。
  2. 调用AlertDialog.Builder的setTitle()和setIcon()方法分别设置AlertDialog对话框的标题名称和图标。
  3. 调用AlertDialog.Builder的setMessage()、setSingleChoiceItems()或者setMultiChoiceItems()方法设置AlertDialog对话框的内容为简单文本、单选列表或者为多选列表。
  4. 调用AlertDialog.Builder的setPositiveButton()和setNegativeButton()方法设置AlertDialog对话框的确定和取消按钮。
  5. 调用AlertDialog.Builder的create()方法创建AlertDialog对象。
  6. 调用AlertDialog对象的show()方法显示该对话框。
  7. 调用AlertDialog对象的dismiss()方法取消该对话框。

案例一：普通对话框

package com.example.commondialog;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AlertDialog;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.content.DialogInterface;

import android.os.Bundle;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override

    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

    }

    @Override

    public void onBackPressed() {

        AlertDialog dialog;

        AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(this)

                .setIcon(R.mipmap.ic_launcher)

                .setTitle("普通对话框")

                .setMessage("是否退出应用?")

                .setPositiveButton("确定", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {

                    @Override

                    public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int i) {    //注意这个dialog是形参，不是上面的私有变量dialog

                        dialog.dismiss();

                        MainActivity.this.finish();

                    }

                })

                .setNegativeButton("取消", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {

                    @Override

                    public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int i) {

                        dialog.dismiss();

                    }

                });

        dialog = builder.create();

        dialog.show();

    }

}

运行结果：

案例二：单选对话框

activity_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"

    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"

    android:layout_width="match_parent"

    android:layout_height="match_parent"

    tools:context=".MainActivity"

    android:orientation="vertical">

    <TextView

        android:id="@+id/tv"

        android:layout_width="match_parent"

        android:layout_height="wrap_content"

        android:gravity="center"

        android:text="单选对话框"

        android:layout_marginTop="10dp"

        android:textSize="20sp"

        android:textColor="#FFDB37"

        />

    <Button

        android:id="@+id/bt"

        android:layout_width="wrap_content"

        android:layout_height="wrap_content"

        android:text="设置字体大小"

        android:layout_marginTop="20dp"

        android:layout_gravity="center"/>

    

</LinearLayout>

MainActivty.java

package com.example.singlechoicedialog;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AlertDialog;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.content.DialogInterface;

import android.os.Bundle;

import android.view.View;

import android.widget.TextView;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener{

    private TextView textView;

    private int[] textSizeArr = {10,20,25,30,40};

    int textSize = 1;

    @Override

    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        findViewById(R.id.bt).setOnClickListener(this);

        textView =(TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv);

    }

    @Override

    public void onClick(View view) {

        final AlertDialog dialog;

        AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(this)

                .setTitle("设置字体大小")

                .setIcon(R.mipmap.ic_launcher)

                .setSingleChoiceItems(new String[]{"小号", "默认", "中号", "大号", "超大"},

                        textSize, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {

                            @Override

                            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialogInterface, int i) {

                                textSize = i;

                            }

                        })

                .setPositiveButton("确定", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {

                    @Override

                    public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int i) {

                        textView.setTextSize(textSizeArr[textSize]);

                        dialog.dismiss();

                    }

                })

                .setNegativeButton("取消", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {

                    @Override

                    public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int i) {

                        dialog.dismiss();

                    }

                });

        dialog = builder.create();

        dialog.show();

    }

}

运行结果：

案例三：多选对话框

activity_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"

    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"

    android:layout_width="match_parent"

    android:layout_height="match_parent"

    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <Button

        android:id="@+id/bt"

        android:layout_width="wrap_content"

        android:layout_height="wrap_content"

        android:text="开启兴趣爱好小调查">

    </Button>

</LinearLayout>

MainActivity.java

package com.example.multichoicedialog;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AlertDialog;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.content.DialogInterface;

import android.os.Bundle;

import android.view.View;

import android.widget.Toast;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener{

    private CharSequence[] items = new CharSequence[]{"旅游","美食","看电影","运动"};

    private boolean[] checkedItems = new boolean[]{false,true,false,false};

    @Override

    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        findViewById(R.id.bt).setOnClickListener(this);

    }

    @Override

    public void onClick(View view) {

        final AlertDialog dialog;

        AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(this)

                .setTitle("请添加兴趣爱好")

                .setIcon(R.mipmap.ic_launcher)

                .setMultiChoiceItems(items, checkedItems, new DialogInterface.OnMultiChoiceClickListener() {

                    @Override

                    public void onClick(DialogInterface dialogInterface, int i, boolean b) {

                        checkedItems[i] = b;

                    }

                })

                .setPositiveButton("确定", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {

                    @Override

                    public void onClick(DialogInterface dialogInterface, int which) {

                        StringBuffer stringBuffer = new StringBuffer();

                        for(int i =0;i<=checkedItems.length-1;i++){

                            if(checkedItems[i]){

                                stringBuffer.append(items[i]).append(" ");

                            }

                        }

                        if(stringBuffer != null){

                            Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,

                                    ""+stringBuffer,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

                        }

                        dialogInterface.dismiss();

                    }

                })

                .setNegativeButton("取消", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {

                    @Override

                    public void onClick(DialogInterface dialogInterface, int i) {

                        dialogInterface.dismiss();

                    }

                });

        dialog = builder.create();

        dialog.show();

    }

}

运行结果：

案例四：自定义对话框

custom_dialog.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

    android:layout_width="match_parent"

    android:layout_height="match_parent"

    android:orientation="vertical">

    <LinearLayout

        android:layout_width="match_parent"

        android:layout_height="wrap_content"

        android:paddingTop="16dp"

        android:orientation="vertical">

        <TextView

            android:id="@+id/title"

            android:layout_width="match_parent"

            android:layout_height="wrap_content"

            android:gravity="center"

            android:visibility="visible"

            android:textColor="#333333"

            android:textSize="18sp"

            android:layout_marginBottom="16dp"/>

        <TextView

            android:id="@+id/message"

            android:layout_width="match_parent"

            android:layout_height="wrap_content"

            android:gravity="center"

            android:layout_marginLeft="20dp"

            android:layout_marginRight="20dp"

            android:textSize="14sp"

            android:textColor="#999999"/>

        <View

            android:layout_width="match_parent"

            android:layout_height="2px"

            android:layout_marginTop="16dp"

            android:background="#E8E8E8"/>

        <LinearLayout

            android:layout_width="match_parent"

            android:layout_height="wrap_content"

            android:orientation="horizontal">

            <Button

                android:id="@+id/negtive"

                android:layout_width="0dp"

                android:layout_height="wrap_content"

                android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"

                android:paddingTop="16dp"

                android:paddingBottom="16dp"

                android:layout_weight="1"

                android:background="@null"

                android:layout_gravity="center"

                android:singleLine="true"

                android:textColor="#999999"

                android:textSize="16sp"/>

            <View

                android:id="@+id/colum_line"

                android:layout_width="2px"

                android:layout_height="match_parent"

                android:background="#E8E8E8"/>

            <Button

                android:id="@+id/positive"

                android:layout_width="0dp"

                android:layout_height="match_parent"

                android:layout_weight="1"

                android:layout_marginRight="10dp"

                android:paddingTop="16dp"

                android:paddingBottom="16dp"

                android:background="@null"

                android:gravity="center"

                android:textColor="#38ADFF"

                android:textSize="16sp" />

        </LinearLayout>

    </LinearLayout>

</LinearLayout>

CommonDialog.java

package com.example.customdialog;

import android.app.AlertDialog;

import android.content.Context;

import android.os.Bundle;

import android.text.TextUtils;

import android.view.View;

import android.widget.Button;

import android.widget.TextView;

public class CommonDialog extends AlertDialog {

    private TextView titleTv ;               //显示的标题

    private TextView messageTv ;             //显示的消息

    private Button negtiveBn ,positiveBn;  //确认和取消按钮

    public CommonDialog(Context context) {

        super(context);

    }

    private String message;

    private String title;

    private String positive,negtive;

    @Override

    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

        setContentView(R.layout.custom_dialog);

        initView();     //初始化界面控件

        initEvent();    //初始化界面控件的点击事件

    }

    //初始化界面控件

    private void initView() {

        negtiveBn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.negtive);

        positiveBn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.positive);

        titleTv = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.title);

        messageTv = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.message);

    }

    //初始化界面控件的显示数据

    private void refreshView() {

        //如果自定义了title和message会 显示自定义的信息，否则不显示title和message的信息

        if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(title)) {

            titleTv.setText(title);                 //设置标题控件的文本为自定义的title

            titleTv.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE); //标题控件设置为显示状态

        }else {

            titleTv.setVisibility(View.GONE);     //标题控件设置为隐藏状态

        }

        if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(message)) {

            messageTv.setText(message); //设置消息控件的文本为自定义的message信息

        }

        //如果自定义了按钮的文本，则按钮显示自定义的文本，否则，按钮显示“确定”或“取消”文本

        if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(positive)) {

            positiveBn.setText(positive); //设置按钮的文本为自定义的文本信息

        }else {

            positiveBn.setText("确定");    //设置按钮文本为“确定”

        }

        if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(negtive)) {

            negtiveBn.setText(negtive);

        }else {

            negtiveBn.setText("取消");

        }

    }

    //初始化界面的确定和取消监听器

    private void initEvent() {

        //设置确定按钮的点击事件的监听器

        positiveBn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {

            @Override

            public void onClick(View v) {

                if (onClickBottomListener!= null) {

                    onClickBottomListener.onPositiveClick();

                }

            }

        });

        //设置取消按钮的点击事件的监听器

        negtiveBn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {

            @Override

            public void onClick(View v) {

                if ( onClickBottomListener!= null) {

                    onClickBottomListener.onNegtiveClick();

                }

            }

        });

    }

    @Override

    public void show() {

        super.show();

        refreshView();

    }

    public interface OnClickBottomListener{

        void onPositiveClick();//实现确定按钮点击事件的方法

        void onNegtiveClick(); //实现取消按钮点击事件的方法

    }

    //设置确定取消按钮的回调

    public OnClickBottomListener onClickBottomListener;

    public CommonDialog setOnClickBottomListener(OnClickBottomListener

                                                         onClickBottomListener){

        this.onClickBottomListener = onClickBottomListener;

        return this;

    }

    public CommonDialog setMessage(String message) {

        this.message = message;

        return this ;

    }

    public CommonDialog setTitle(String title) {

        this.title = title;

        return this ;

    }

    public CommonDialog setPositive(String positive) {

        this.positive = positive;

        return this ;

    }

    public CommonDialog setNegtive(String negtive) {

        this.negtive = negtive;

        return this ;

    }

}

activty_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"

    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"

    android:layout_width="match_parent"

    android:layout_height="match_parent"

    tools:context=".MainActivity"

    android:gravity="center">

    <Button

        android:id="@+id/btn_dialog"

        android:layout_width="wrap_content"

        android:layout_height="wrap_content"

        android:text="弹出自定义对话框"/>

</LinearLayout>

MainActivty.java

package com.example.customdialog;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.os.Bundle;

import android.view.View;

import android.widget.Button;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override

    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        init();

    }

    private void init() {

        Button btn_dialog = findViewById(R.id.btn_dialog);

        btn_dialog.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener(){

            @Override

            public void onClick(View view) {

                final CommonDialog dialog = new CommonDialog(MainActivity.this);

                dialog.setTitle("提示");

                dialog.setMessage("您确定要删除信息？");

                dialog.setNegtive("取消");

                dialog.setPositive("确定");

                dialog.setOnClickBottomListener(new CommonDialog.

                        OnClickBottomListener() {

                    @Override

                    public void onPositiveClick() { //确定按钮的点击事件

                        dialog.dismiss();

                    }

                    @Override

                    public void onNegtiveClick() { //取消按钮的点击事件

                        dialog.dismiss();

                    }

                });

                dialog.show();

            }

        });

    }

}

运行结果：

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