Kubernetes 二进制包部署

软件包信息

名称	地址
etcd	https://github.com/coreos/etcd/releases/tag/v3.2.12
Kubernetes-Server	https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG-1.16.md#downloads-for-v1160
Kubernetes-Node	https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG-1.16.md#downloads-for-v1160

安装环境说明

安装步骤
安装cfssl证书工具
安装包在ftp://192.168.1.11/常用组件 中有

wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
chmod +x cfssl_linux-amd64 cfssljson_linux-amd64 cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
mv cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl
mv cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
mv cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /usr/bin/cfssl-certinfo

部署Etcd 集群
创建证书
生成三个文件

[cqs@localhost etcd]$ ls *json
ca-config.json  ca-csr.json  server-csr.json
ca-config.json
{
  "signing": {
    "default": {
      "expiry": "87600h"
    },
    "profiles": {
      "www": {
         "expiry": "87600h",
         "usages": [
            "signing",
            "key encipherment",
            "server auth",
            "client auth"
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}

ca-csr.json
{
    "CN": "etcd CA",
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "Beijing",
            "ST": "Beijing"
        }
    ]
}

server-csr.json
{
    "CN": "etcd",
    "hosts": [
    "192.168.1.11",
    "192.168.1.10",
    "192.168.1.13"
    ],
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "BeiJing",
            "ST": "BeiJing"
        }
    ]
}

执行以下命令生成证书

cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -

cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=www server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server

ca-key.pem  ca.pem  server-key.pem  server.pem

上传安装包并解压,安装到/opt/etcd 目录下,本节后面操作三台服务器均需做一遍，注意文件里面不的不同处

mkdir /opt/etcd/{bin,cfg,ssl} -p
tar zxvf etcd-v3.2.12-linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv etcd-v3.2.12-linux-amd64/{etcd,etcdctl} /opt/etcd/bin/

创建etcd 配置文件

vi /opt/etcd/etcd

输入内容

etcd
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd01"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.1.11:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.1.11:2379"
 
#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.1.11:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.1.11:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd01=https://192.168.1.11:2380,etcd02=https://192.168.1.10:2380,etcd03=https://192.168.1.13:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"

注意这个文件里面的内容，三台服务器有些许差别：ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS、ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS

*ETCD_NAME 节点名称
*ETCD_DATA_DIR 数据目录
*ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS 集群通信监听地址
*ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS 客户端访问监听地址
*ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS 集群通告地址
*ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS 客户端通告地址
*ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER 集群节点地址
*ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN 集群Token
*ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE 加入集群的当前状态，new是新集群，existing表示加入已有集群
创建etcd服务

sudo vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service #CentOS
sudo vi /lib/systemd/system/etcd.service     #Ubuntu

etcd.service
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
 
[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/opt/etcd/cfg/etcd
ExecStart=/opt/etcd/bin/etcd \
--name=${ETCD_NAME} \
--data-dir=${ETCD_DATA_DIR} \
--listen-peer-urls=${ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS} \
--listen-client-urls=${ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS},http://127.0.0.1:2379 \
--advertise-client-urls=${ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS} \
--initial-advertise-peer-urls=${ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS} \
--initial-cluster=${ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER} \
--initial-cluster-token=${ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN} \
--initial-cluster-state=new \
--cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--peer-cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--peer-key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--peer-trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
 
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

把刚才生成的证书拷贝到配置文件中的位置

sudo cp *pem /opt/etcd/ssl

设置etcd服务开机启动

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable etcd
sudo systemctl start etcd

执行下面命令看一下是否部署成功。在生成证书的目录下执行

/opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --ca-file=ca.pem --cert-file=server.pem --key-file=server-key.pem --endpoints="https://192.168.1.11:2379,https://192.168.1.10:2379,https://192.168.1.13:2379" cluster-health

输出下面类似信息就是成功了

member 18218cfabd4e0dea is healthy: got healthy result from https://192.168.31.63:2379
member 541c1c40994c939b is healthy: got healthy result from https://192.168.31.65:2379
member a342ea2798d20705 is healthy: got healthy result from https://192.168.31.66:2379
cluster is healthy

部署Docker
在两个Node节点部署Docker即可，参见其他文章。

部署Flannel网络
现在etcd里面写入一个预设网段信息。跟上面那个检查命令一样，在证书目录执行，只用在一台机子执行就可以了

/opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --ca-file=ca.pem --cert-file=server.pem --key-file=server-key.pem --endpoints="https://192.168.1.11:2379,https://192.168.1.10:2379,https://192.168.1.13:2379" set /coreos.com/network/config  '{ "Network": "172.17.0.0/16",
Backend": {"Type": "vxlan"}}

下载安装包，拷到几台服务器上

mkdir /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl} -p
wget https://github.com/coreos/flannel/releases/download/v0.10.0/flannel-v0.10.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar zxvf flannel-v0.9.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv flanneld mk-docker-opts.sh /opt/kubernetes/bin

下面步骤要在三台服务器都执行

创建flannel 配置文件

sudo vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/flanneld

内容如下

flanneld
FLANNEL_OPTIONS="--etcd-endpoints=https://192.168.1.11:2379,https://192.168.1.10:2379,https://192.168.1.13:2379 -etcd-cafile=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem -etcd-certfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem -etcd-keyfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem"

创建Flannel服务

sudo vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/flanneld.service  #CentOS
sudo vi /lib/systemd/system/flanneld.service  #Ubuntu

flanneld.service
[Unit]
Description=Flanneld overlay address etcd agent
After=network-online.target network.target
Before=docker.service
 
[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/flanneld
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/flanneld --ip-masq $FLANNEL_OPTIONS
ExecStartPost=/opt/kubernetes/bin/mk-docker-opts.sh -k DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS -d /run/flannel/subnet.env
Restart=on-failure
 
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

配置Docker 启动指定子网段

sudo vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service  #CentOS
sudo vi /lib/systemd/system/docker.service  #Ubuntu

内容如下，关键是：

EnvironmentFile=/run/flannel/subnet.env，

ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd $DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS

这两行

docker.service
[Unit]
Description=Docker Application Container Engine
Documentation=https://docs.docker.com
After=network-online.target firewalld.service
Wants=network-online.target
 
[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/run/flannel/subnet.env
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd $DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
LimitNOFILE=infinity
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitCORE=infinity
TimeoutStartSec=0
Delegate=yes
KillMode=process
Restart=on-failure
StartLimitBurst=3
StartLimitInterval=60s
 
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

启动flannel服务并加入自启动，重启docker 服务

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start flanneld
systemctl enable flanneld
systemctl restart docker

ip addr #看下网络配置，几台服务器互相ping下看看通不通

部署Master节点

生成证书
注意，不能跟刚刚的etcd证书在同一个目录

ca-config.json
{
  "signing": {
    "default": {
      "expiry": "87600h"
    },
    "profiles": {
      "kubernetes": {
         "expiry": "87600h",
         "usages": [
            "signing",
            "key encipherment",
            "server auth",
            "client auth"
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}

ca-csr.json
{
    "CN": "kubernetes",
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "Beijing",
            "ST": "Beijing",
            "O": "k8s",
            "OU": "System"
        }
    ]
}

server-csr.json
{
    "CN": "kubelet-bootstrap",
    "hosts": [
      "10.0.0.1",
      "127.0.0.1",
      "192.168.1.11",
      "kubernetes",
      "kubernetes.default",
      "kubernetes.default.svc",
      "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
      "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
    ],
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "BeiJing",
            "ST": "BeiJing",
            "O": "k8s",
            "OU": "System"
        }
    ]
}

cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server

生成kube-proxy证书：

kube-proxy-csr.json
{
  "CN": "system:kube-proxy",
  "hosts": [],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "L": "BeiJing",
      "ST": "BeiJing",
      "O": "k8s",
      "OU": "System"
    }
  ]
}

cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy

ls *pem  #看下生成的证书文件，应该有6个 ca-key.pem  ca.pem  kube-proxy-key.pem  kube-proxy.pem  server-key.pem  server.pem

部署apiserver组件

把安装包拷贝到master服务器上，将kube-apiserver kube-scheduler kube-controller-manager kubectl拷到目录下/opt/kubernetes/bin

sudo mkdir /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl} -p
tar zxvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
cd kubernetes/server/bin
sudo cp kube-apiserver kube-scheduler kube-controller-manager kubectl /opt/kubernetes/bin
sudo ln -s /opt/kubernetes/bin/kubectl /usr/local/bin/   #这样的话kubectl可以随处执行

创建token文件

sudo vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv

token.csv
674c457d4dcf2eefe4920d7dbb6b0ddc,kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:kubelet-bootstrap"

第一列：随机字符串，自己可生成
第二列：用户名:kubelet-bootstrap ,后面的用户名要跟这个匹配的上
第三列：UID
第四列：用户组

创建kube-apiserver配置文件

kube-apiserver
KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \
--v=4 \
--etcd-servers=https://192.168.1.11:2379,https://192.168.1.10:2379,https://192.168.1.13:2379 \
--bind-address=192.168.1.11 \
--secure-port=6443 \
--insecure-bind-address=0.0.0.0 \
--insecure-port=18080 \
--advertise-address=192.168.1.11 \
--allow-privileged=true \
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \
--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,SecurityContextDeny,ServiceAccount,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction \
--authorization-mode=RBAC,Node \
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth \
--kubelet-client-certificate \
--kubelet-client-key \
--token-auth-file=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv \
--service-node-port-range=30000-50000 \
--tls-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem  \
--tls-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \
--client-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--service-account-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
--etcd-cafile=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--etcd-certfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--etcd-keyfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem"

配置好前面生成的证书，确保能连接etcd。

参数说明：

–logtostderr 启用日志
—v 日志等级
–etcd-servers etcd集群地址
–bind-address 监听地址
–insecure-bind-address Http协议绑定地址
–insecure-port Http端口，注意，默认值是8080，为了避免冲突改成了18080，后面两个地方要保持统一
–secure-port https安全端口
–advertise-address 集群通告地址
–allow-privileged 启用授权
–service-cluster-ip-range Service虚拟IP地址段
–enable-admission-plugins 准入控制模块
–authorization-mode 认证授权，启用RBAC授权和节点自管理
–enable-bootstrap-token-auth 启用TLS bootstrap功能，后面会讲到
–token-auth-file token文件
–service-node-port-range Service Node类型默认分配端口范围

创建apiserver服务

sudo vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service  #CentOS
sudo vi /lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service  #Ubuntu

启动

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kube-apiserver
systemctl restart kube-apiserver

部署scheduler组件
创建scheduler配置文件

sudo vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler

填入以下内容

kube-scheduler
KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \
--v=4 \
--master=127.0.0.1:8080 \   #特别注意，这个地方要改成18080
--leader-elect"

参数说明：

–master 连接本地apiserver
–leader-elect 当该组件启动多个时，自动选举（HA）
systed 管理scheduler组件

sudo vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service #CentOS
sudo vi /lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service #Ubuntu

填入以下内容

kube-scheduler.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
 
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler $KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
 
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

启动

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kube-scheduler
systemctl restart kube-scheduler

部署controller-manager组件
创建配置文件

sudo vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager

填入以下内容

kube-controller-manager
KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \
--v=4 \
--master=127.0.0.1:8080 \   #特别注意，这个地方应该改成18080
--leader-elect=true \
--address=127.0.0.1 \
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \
--cluster-name=kubernetes \
--cluster-signing-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--cluster-signing-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem  \
--root-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--service-account-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem"

systemd管理controller-manager组件

sudo vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service #CentOS
sudo vi /lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service   #Ubuntu

填入以下内容

kube-controller-manager.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
 
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager $KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
 
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

启动

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable kube-controller-manager
sudo systemctl restart kube-controller-manager

部署kubectl

kubectl 是一个命令行工具，可以通过这个命令操作kubernetes集群进行各种操作，查询信息

先为kubectl命令创建一个软连接，这样在任何地方都可以执行kubectl，不用写全路径

sudo ln -s /opt/kubernetes/bin/kubectl /usr/local/bin/   #前提是kubectl 已经拷到/opt/kubernetes/bin/目录下

创建配置文件，在生成kubernetes证书的目录下执行以下命令

# 创建kubelet bootstrapping kubeconfig
BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN=674c457d4dcf2eefe4920d7dbb6b0ddc
KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.1.11:6443"
 
# 设置集群参数
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=./ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
 
# 设置客户端认证参数
kubectl config set-credentials kubelet-bootstrap \
  --token=${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN} \
  --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
 
# 设置上下文参数
kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user=kubelet-bootstrap \
  --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
 
# 设置默认上下文
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
 
# 创建kube-proxy kubeconfig文件
 
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=./ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
 
kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy \
  --client-certificate=./kube-proxy.pem \
  --client-key=./kube-proxy-key.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
 
kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user=kube-proxy \
  --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
 
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

上面这些命令会生成两个配置文件

ls *config
bootstrap.kubeconfig  kube-proxy.kubeconfig

把bootstrap.kubeconfig 的内容拷贝到~/.kube/config 文件中

cp bootstrap.kubeconfig ~/.kube/config

然后就可以使用kubectl命令了，先用他看看集群状态

kubectl get cs
kubectl get pods

部署Node节点
node 节点需要部署kubelet 和kube-proxy，将这两个文件复制到每个node 节点的/opt/kubernetes/bin 目录下

将上面生成的：bootstrap.kubeconfig 、kube-proxy.kubeconfig 复制到/opt/kubernetes/cfg目录下

部署kubelet
创建配置文件

sudo vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet

填入以下内容

kubelet

KUBELET_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \
--v=4 \
--hostname-override=192.168.1.10 \   #注意这个地方，每个node都不一样
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig \
--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig \
--config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.config \
--cert-dir=/opt/kubernetes/ssl \
--pod-infra-container-image=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google-containers/pause-amd64:3.0"

参数说明：

–hostname-override 在集群中显示的主机名
–kubeconfig 指定kubeconfig文件位置，会自动生成
–bootstrap-kubeconfig 指定刚才生成的bootstrap.kubeconfig文件
–cert-dir 颁发证书存放位置
–pod-infra-container-image 管理Pod网络的镜像
其中/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.config 内容如下

kubelet.config

kind: KubeletConfiguration
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
address: 192.168.1.10 #注意这个地方，每台node服务器都不同
port: 10250
readOnlyPort: 10255
cgroupDriver: cgroupfs
clusterDNS: ["10.0.0.2"]
clusterDomain: cluster.local.
failSwapOn: false
authentication:
  anonymous:
    enabled: true

systemd 管理kubelet组件

sudo vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service

填入以下内容

kubelet.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
After=docker.service
Requires=docker.service
 
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kubelet $KUBELET_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
KillMode=process
 
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

启动

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable kubelet
sudo systemctl restart kubelet

启动后还没加入到集群中，需要手动允许该节点才可以。
在Master节点查看请求签名的Node：

在Master节点审批Node加入集群

kubectl get csr
kubectl certificate approve XXXXID
kubectl get node

部署kube-proxy
创建配置文件

sudo vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy

填入以下内容

kube-proxy
KUBE_PROXY_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \
--v=4 \
--hostname-override=192.168.31.65 \
--cluster-cidr=10.0.0.0/24 \
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig"

systemd 管理kube-proxy

sudo vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service #CentOS
sudo vi /lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service   #ubuntu

填入以下内容

kube-proxy.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Proxy
After=network.target
 
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy $KUBE_PROXY_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
 
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

启动

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kube-proxy
systemctl restart kube-proxy

查看集群状态

kubectl get node
kubectl get cs