Django REST framework 视图

上一部分代码在序列化部分

类继承顺序

############### mixins.py ################
# 类中调用的方法均在 GenericAPIView 类中实现，所以下列类需要结合 GenericAPIView 使用
class ListModelMixin(object)                     # 查看继承类
    def list(self, request, *args, **kwargs)

class CreateModelMixin(object)                   # 添加继承类
    def create(self, request, *args, **kwargs

class RetrieveModelMixin(object)                 # 查看单条继承类
     def retrieve(self, request, *args, **kwargs)

class UpdateModelMixin(object)                   # 更新单条继承类
     def update(self, request, *args, **kwargs)

class DestroyModelMixin(object)                  # 删除单条继承类
    def destroy(self, request, *args, **kwargs)

############### generics.py ###############
class GenericAPIView(views.APIView)
    pass   # 这个是懒得写，主要结合上边的使用

class ListCreateAPIView(mixins.ListModelMixin,
                        mixins.CreateModelMixin,
                        GenericAPIView):
    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)

class RetrieveUpdateAPIView(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,
                            mixins.UpdateModelMixin,
                            GenericAPIView):
    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.update(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def patch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.partial_update(request, *args, **kwargs)
)


############### viewsets.py ###############
class ModelViewSet(mixins.CreateModelMixin,
                   mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,
                   mixins.UpdateModelMixin,
                   mixins.DestroyModelMixin,
                   mixins.ListModelMixin,
                   GenericViewSet)
    pass # 这个是真pass

class GenericViewSet(ViewSetMixin, generics.GenericAPIView):
    pass # 这个也是真pass

class ViewSetMixin(object):
    def as_view(cls, actions=None, **initkwargs)
        def view(request, *args, **kwargs):
    def initialize_request(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

 

不使用使用混合（mixins）

自己重构get，put等函数，全部手写，代码重复率很高：

from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from .models import *
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
from django.core import serializers
from rest_framework import serializers

class BookSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
      class Meta:
          model=Book
          fields="__all__"
          #depth=1


class PublshSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
      class Meta:
          model=Publish
          fields="__all__"
          depth=1


class BookViewSet(APIView):
    def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        book_list=Book.objects.all()
        # 文本类型，这个是和上面的连接有关，后面的参数context,HyperlinkedIdentityField,这个是设置了连接的时候，进行的操作
        bs=BookSerializers(book_list,many=True,context={'request': request}) 
        return Response(bs.data)


    def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        print(request.data)
        bs=BookSerializers(data=request.data,many=False)
        if bs.is_valid():
            print(bs.validated_data)
            bs.save()
            return Response(bs.data)
        else:
            return HttpResponse(bs.errors)


class BookDetailViewSet(APIView):
    def get(self,request,pk):
        book_obj=Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
        bs=BookSerializers(book_obj,context={'request': request})
        return Response(bs.data)

    def put(self,request,pk):
        book_obj=Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
        bs=BookSerializers(book_obj,data=request.data,context={'request': request})
        if bs.is_valid():
            bs.save()
            return Response(bs.data)
        else:
            return HttpResponse(bs.errors)


class PublishViewSet(APIView):
    def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        publish_list=Publish.objects.all()
        bs=PublshSerializers(publish_list,many=True,context={'request': request})
        return Response(bs.data)


    def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        bs=PublshSerializers(data=request.data,many=False)
        if bs.is_valid():
            # print(bs.validated_data)
            bs.save()
            return Response(bs.data)
        else:
            return HttpResponse(bs.errors)


class PublishDetailViewSet(APIView):
    def get(self,request,pk):
        publish_obj=Publish.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
        bs=PublshSerializers(publish_obj,context={'request': request})
        return Response(bs.data)

    def put(self,request,pk):
        publish_obj=Publish.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
        bs=PublshSerializers(publish_obj,data=request.data,context={'request': request})
        if bs.is_valid():
            bs.save()
            return Response(bs.data)
        else:
            return HttpResponse(bs.errors)

第一代：继承mixin类编写视图

继承mixins的ListModelMixin，CreateModelMixin等类

from rest_framework import mixins
from rest_framework import generics

class BookViewSet(mixins.ListModelMixin,   # 查看继承类
                  mixins.CreateModelMixin, # 添加继承类
                  generics.GenericAPIView):

    queryset = Book.objects.all()          # 数据库
    serializer_class = BookSerializers     # 序列化类

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)


class BookDetailViewSet(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,  # 查看单条继承类
                    mixins.UpdateModelMixin,        # 更新单条继承类
                    mixins.DestroyModelMixin,       # 删除单条继承类
                    generics.GenericAPIView):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializers

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.update(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.destroy(request, *args, **kwargs)

第二代：使用通用的基于类的视图

通过使用mixin类，我们使用更少的代码重写了这些视图，但我们还可以再进一步。REST框架提供了一组已经混合好（mixed-in）的通用视图，我们可以使用它来简化我们的views.py模块。

from rest_framework import mixins
from rest_framework import generics

class BookViewSet(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializers

class BookDetailViewSet(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializers

class PublishViewSet(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
    queryset = Publish.objects.all()
    serializer_class = PublshSerializers

class PublishDetailViewSet(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
    queryset = Publish.objects.all()
    serializer_class = PublshSerializers

第三代：viewsets.ModelViewSet

urls.py:

url(r'^books/$', views.BookViewSet.as_view({"get":"list","post":"create"}),name="book_list"),
url(r'^books/(?P<pk>\d+)$', views.BookViewSet.as_view({
                'get': 'retrieve',
                'put': 'update',
                'patch': 'partial_update',
                'delete': 'destroy'
            }),name="book_detail"),

views.py: 

class BookViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializers

终极版

urls.py同上

views.py

from rest_framework.routers import DefaultRouter

router = DefaultRouter()                       # 实例化
router.register(r'school', views.SchoolView)   # 注册
urlpatterns += router.urls                     # 在urlpatterns中添加