绘制散点图
练习1
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager
#温度数据
y_3 = [11,17,16,11,12,11,12,6,6,7,8,9,12,15,14,17,18,21,16,17,20,14,15,15,15,19,21,22,22,22,23]
y_10 = [26,26,28,19,21,17,16,19,18,20,20,19,22,23,17,20,21,20,22,15,11,15,5,13,17,10,11,13,12,13,6]
x_3 = range(1,32)
x_10 = range(51,82)
my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname='ziti.ttf')
#设置图形大小
plt.figure(figsize=(15,8),dpi=80)
#使用scatter绘制散点图，和之前绘制折线图的唯一区别
plt.scatter(x_3,y_3,label="3月")
plt.scatter(x_10,y_10,label="10月")
#调整x轴的刻度
_x = list(x_3) + list(x_10)
x_labels = ["3月{}号".format(i) for i in x_3]
x_labels += ["10月{}号".format(i-50) for i in x_10]
plt.xticks(_x[::2],x_labels[::2],rotation=45,fontproperties=my_font)
#添加描述信息
plt.xlabel("时间",fontproperties=my_font)
plt.ylabel("温度 单位℃",fontproperties=my_font)
plt.title("北京2016年3,10月份每天白天气温变化情况",fontproperties=my_font)
#添加图例
plt.legend(prop=my_font,loc="best")
plt.show()
绘制条形图
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager
#文字过长可以添加\n换行
a = ["战狼2","速度与激情8","功夫瑜伽","西游伏妖篇","变形金刚5：最后的骑士","摔跤吧！爸爸","加勒比海盗5：死无对证","金刚：骷髅岛","极限特工：终极回归","生化危机6：终章","乘风破浪","神偷奶爸3","智取威虎山","大闹天竺","金刚狼3：殊死一战","蜘蛛侠：英雄归来","悟空传","银河护卫队2","情圣","新木乃伊",]
b=[56.01,26.94,17.53,16.49,15.45,12.96,11.8,11.61,11.28,11.12,10.49,10.3,8.75,7.55,7.32,6.99,6.88,6.86,6.58,6.23] #单位:亿
my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname='ziti.ttf')
plt.figure(figsize=(15,8),dpi=80)
#绘制条形图
plt.bar(range(len(a)),b,width=0.3) #调整线条宽度
plt.xticks(range(len(a)),a,fontproperties=my_font,rotation=45)
plt.show()
#绘制横着的条形图
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager
a = ["战狼2","速度与激情8","功夫瑜伽","西游伏妖篇","变形金刚5：最后的骑士","摔跤吧！爸爸","加勒比海盗5：死无对证","金刚：骷髅岛","极限特工：终极回归","生化危机6：终章","乘风破浪","神偷奶爸3","智取威虎山","大闹天竺","金刚狼3：殊死一战","蜘蛛侠：英雄归来","悟空传","银河护卫队2","情圣","新木乃伊",]
b=[56.01,26.94,17.53,16.49,15.45,12.96,11.8,11.61,11.28,11.12,10.49,10.3,8.75,7.55,7.32,6.99,6.88,6.86,6.58,6.23] #单位:亿
my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname='ziti.ttf')
plt.figure(figsize=(15,8),dpi=80)
#绘制横着的条形图
plt.barh(range(len(a)),b,height=0.3) #调整线条长度
plt.yticks(range(len(a)),a,fontproperties=my_font)
plt.xlabel("票房 单位：亿",fontproperties=my_font)
plt.ylabel("电影名",fontproperties=my_font)
#添加网格
plt.grid(alpha=0.3)
plt.show()
练习2
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager
a = ["猩球崛起3：终极之战","敦刻尔克","蜘蛛侠：英雄归来","战狼2"]
b_16 = [15746,312,4497,319]
b_15 = [12357,156,2045,168]
b_14 = [2358,399,2358,362]
my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname='ziti.ttf')
#要想绘制多条形图到一个图形上的时候，x轴应该做一些适当的移动，这样图形才不会重叠在一起
bar_width = 0.2
x_14 = list(range(len(a)))
x_15 = [i+bar_width for i in x_14]
x_16 = [i+bar_width*2 for i in x_14]
plt.figure(figsize=(15,8),dpi=80)
plt.bar(range(len(a)),b_14,width=bar_width,label="9月14号")
plt.bar(x_15,b_15,width=bar_width,label="9月15号")
plt.bar(x_16,b_16,width=bar_width,label="9月16号")
#设置x轴刻度
plt.xticks(x_15,a,fontproperties=my_font)
#显示图例
plt.legend(prop=my_font,loc="best")
plt.show()
注意：要想绘制多条形图到一个图形上的时候，x轴应该做一些适当的移动，这样图形才不会重叠在一起
绘制直方图
练习
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager
a=[131, 98, 125, 131, 124, 139, 131, 117, 128, 108, 135, 138, 131, 102, 107, 114, 119, 128, 121, 142, 127, 130, 124, 101, 110, 116, 117, 110, 128, 128, 115, 99, 136, 126, 134, 95, 138, 117, 111,78, 132, 124, 113, 150, 110, 117, 86, 95, 144, 105, 126, 130,126, 130, 126, 116, 123, 106, 112, 138, 123, 86, 101, 99, 136,123, 117, 119, 105, 137, 123, 128, 125, 104, 109, 134, 125, 127,105, 120, 107, 129, 116, 108, 132, 103, 136, 118, 102, 120, 114,105, 115, 132, 145, 119, 121, 112, 139, 125, 138, 109, 132, 134,156, 106, 117, 127, 144, 139, 139, 119, 140, 83, 110, 102,123,107, 143, 115, 136, 118, 139, 123, 112, 118, 125, 109, 119, 133,112, 114, 122, 109, 106, 123, 116, 131, 127, 115, 118, 112, 135,115, 146, 137, 116, 103, 144, 83, 123, 111, 110, 111, 100, 154,136, 100, 118, 119, 133, 134, 106, 129, 126, 110, 111, 109, 141,120, 117, 106, 149, 122, 122, 110, 118, 127, 121, 114, 125, 126,114, 140, 103, 130, 141, 117, 106, 114, 121, 114, 133, 137, 92,121, 112, 146, 97, 137, 105, 98, 117, 112, 81, 97, 139, 113,134, 106, 144, 110, 137, 137, 111, 104, 117, 100, 111, 101, 110,105, 129, 137, 112, 120, 113, 133, 112, 83, 94, 146, 133, 101,131, 116, 111, 84, 137, 115, 122, 106, 144, 109, 123, 116, 111,111, 133, 150]
#计算组数
d = 3 #设置组距:最好是能够被（最大值-最小值）整除的数
num_bins = (max(a)-min(a))//d
#设置图形大小
plt.figure(figsize=(15,8),dpi=80)
#绘制频数分布直方图
plt.hist(a,num_bins)
#绘制频率分布直方图
# plt.hist(a,num_bins,normed=True)
plt.xticks(range(min(a),max(a)+d,d))
plt.grid(alpha=0.3)
plt.show()
直方图一般用来绘制那些没有被统计过的数据
问题
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager
interval = [0,5,10,15,20,25,30,35,40,45,60,90]
width = [5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,15,30,60]
quantity = [836,2737,3723,3926,3596,1438,3273,642,824,613,215,47]
plt.figure(figsize=(15,8),dpi=80)
#绘制条形图
plt.bar(range(len(quantity)),quantity,width=1) #将条形的宽度设为1，看起来像直方图
_x = [i-0.5 for i in range(13)]
_xtick_labels = interval + [150]
plt.xticks(_x,_xtick_labels)
plt.grid(alpha=0.3)
plt.show()
matplotlib使用的流程
