大家在一起学python相爱相杀也小十天了,知道大家很累,但是没有苦哪有甜呢?为了心中的它(梦想)和她(对象)所以请关注阿坤一起哭着学下去吧!
#!/bin/env python3
#-*- coding:utf8 -*-
#学python3的第9天
#注意:写程序要解耦(不可藕断丝连)
#标准版的记账程序
# import os
# import pickle
# from time import strftime
#
#
# def save(fname):
# amount = int(input('金额: '))
# comment = input('备注: ')
# date = strftime('%Y-%m-%d')
# # 从文件中取出全部记录
# with open(fname, 'rb') as fobj:
# records = pickle.load(fobj)
# # 计算最新余额
# balance = records[-1][-2] + amount
# record = [date, amount, 0, balance, comment]
# records.append(record)
# # 把更新后的列表再次存入文件
# with open(fname, 'wb') as fobj:
# pickle.dump(records, fobj)
#
# def cost(fname):
# amount = int(input('金额: '))
# comment = input('备注: ')
# date = strftime('%Y-%m-%d')
# # 从文件中取出全部记录
# with open(fname, 'rb') as fobj:
# records = pickle.load(fobj)
# # 计算最新余额
# balance = records[-1][-2] - amount
# record = [date, 0, amount, balance, comment]
# records.append(record)
# # 把更新后的列表再次存入文件
# with open(fname, 'wb') as fobj:
# pickle.dump(records, fobj)
#
# def query(fname):
# # 取出全部的记录
# with open(fname, 'rb') as fobj:
# records = pickle.load(fobj)
#
# # 打印表头
# print(
# '%-12s%-8s%-8s%-12s%-20s' % ('date', 'save', 'cost', 'balance', 'comment')
# )
# # 打印记录
# for record in records:
# print('%-12s%-8s%-8s%-12s%-20s' % tuple(record))
#
# def show_menu():
# cmds = {'0': save, '1': cost, '2': query}
# prompt = """(0) save
# (1) cost
# (2) query
# (3) quit
# Please input your choice(0/1/2/3): """
# fname = 'account.data'
# init_data = [
# [strftime('%Y-%m-%d'), 0, 0, 10000, 'init data']
# ]
# # 如果文件不存在，把初始化数据写进去
# if not os.path.exists(fname):
# with open(fname, 'wb') as fobj:
# pickle.dump(init_data, fobj)
#
# while 1:
# choice = input(prompt).strip()
# if choice not in ['0', '1', '2', '3']:
# print('无效的输入，请重试。')
# continue
#
# if choice == '3':
# print('\nBye-bye')
# break
#
# cmds[choice](fname)
#
# if __name__ == '__main__':
# show_menu()
# #改良版本
# import os
# import pickle
# from time import strftime
#
#
# def save(fname):
# try: #异常情况处理
# amount = int(input('\033[33;1m金额: \033[0m').strip())
# comment = input('\033[33;1m备注: \033[0m').strip()
# except ValueError as echo:
# print('\033[33;1mInvalid input: %s\033[0m' % echo)
# except (KeyboardInterrupt, EOFError):
# print('\n\033[32mBye-bye\033[0m')
# print('\n\033[32mDone\033[0m')
# exit()
# else:
# date = strftime('%Y-%m-%d')
# # 从文件中取出全部记录
# with open(fname, 'rb') as fobj:
# records = pickle.load(fobj)
# # 计算最新余额
# balance = records[-1][-2] + amount
# record = [date, amount, 0, balance, comment]
# records.append(record)
# # 把更新后的列表再次存入文件
# with open(fname, 'wb') as fobj:
# pickle.dump(records, fobj)
# finally:
# print(strftime('\033[35;1m%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S\033[0m'))
#
# def cost(fname):
# try:
# amount = int(input('\033[33;1m金额: \033[0m').strip())
# comment = input('\033[33;1m备注: \033[0m').strip()
# except ValueError as echo:
# print('\033[33;1mInvalid input: %s\033[0m' % echo)
# except (KeyboardInterrupt, EOFError):
# print('\n\033[32mBye-bye\033[0m')
# print('\n\033[32mDone\033[0m')
# exit()
# else:
# date = strftime('%Y-%m-%d')
# # 从文件中取出全部记录
# with open(fname, 'rb') as fobj:
# records = pickle.load(fobj)
# # 计算最新余额
# balance = records[-1][-2] - amount
# record = [date, 0, amount, balance, comment]
# records.append(record)
# # 把更新后的列表再次存入文件
# with open(fname, 'wb') as fobj:
# pickle.dump(records, fobj)
# finally:
# print(strftime('\033[35;1m%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S\033[0m'))
#
#
# def query(fname):
# # 取出全部的记录
# with open(fname, 'rb') as fobj:
# records = pickle.load(fobj)
#
# # 打印表头
# print(
# '\033[35;1m%-12s%-8s%-8s%-12s%-20s\033[0m' % (
# 'date', 'save', 'cost', 'balance', 'comment'
# )
# )
# # 打印记录
# for record in records:
# print('\033[36;1m%-12s%-8s%-8s%-12s%-20s\033[0m' % tuple(record))
# print(strftime('\033[35;1m%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S\033[0m'))
#
# def show_menu():
# cmds = {'0': save, '1': cost, '2': query}
# prompt = """\033[32;1m(0) save
# (1) cost
# (2) query
# (3) quit
# Please input your choice(0/1/2/3):\033[0m """
# fname = 'account.data'
# init_data = [
# [strftime('%Y-%m-%d'), 0, 0, 10000, 'init data']
# ]
# # 如果文件不存在，把初始化数据写进去
# if not os.path.exists(fname):
# with open(fname, 'wb') as fobj:
# pickle.dump(init_data, fobj)
#
# while True:
# try:
# choice = input(prompt).strip() #加了下标就得用IndexError报错
# except (ValueError,IndexError) as echo:
# print('\033[33;1mInvalid input: %s\033[0m' % echo)
# except (KeyboardInterrupt, EOFError):
# print('\n\033[32mBye-bye\033[0m')
# print('\n\033[32mDone\033[0m')
# print(strftime('\033[35;1m%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S\033[0m'))
# exit()
# else:
# if choice not in ['0', '1', '2', '3']:
# print('\033[33;1mInvalid input,Try again.\033[0m')
# continue
# if choice == '3':
# print('\n\033[32mBye-bye\033[0m')
# break
# cmds[choice](fname)
#
#
#
# if __name__ == '__main__':
# show_menu()
# #函数引用问题
# def funch1():
# print('funch 1')
# funch2()
#
# def funch2():
# print('funch 2')
#
# if __name__ == '__main__':
# funch1() #完全没问题
# #函数参数
# def func1(name,age):
# print('%s is %s years old.'% (name,age))
#
# func1('bob',20) #OK
# func1(20,'bob') #语法ok 语义不对
# func1(age=20,name='bob') #OK
# func1(age=20,'bob') #语法错误 关键字必须在后
# func1(20,name=bob) #Error,name得到了多个值
# func1('bob',age=20) #OK
# #定义参数
# def func1(*args): #变量名前加*可以吧变量变成元组从而达到传多个参数目的
# print(args)
#
# func1('hao')
# func1('hao',123)
# func1('hao',123,'bob','alice')
#
# def func2(**kwargs): #**变成字典传参方式key-value支持多个
# print(kwargs)
#
# func2()
# func2(name='bob')
# func2(name='bob',age=20)
#传参
"""
传参时 *表示把序列对象拆开
传参试 **表示把字典对象拆开
"""
# def funcation(x,y):
# return x + y
#
# nums = [10,20]
# funcation(*nums) #funcation(10,20)
#
# def funcation2(name,age):
# print('%s is %s years old.'% (name,age))
#
# adict = {'name': 'alice','age': 18}
# funcation2(**adict) #funcation2(name='alice',age=18)
# #案例:计数游戏
# from random import randint,choice
#
# def add(x,y):
# return x + y
#
# def sub(x,y):
# return x + y
#
# def exam():
# cmds = {'+': add,'-': sub}
# nums = [randint(1,100)for i in range(2)]
# nums.sort(reverse=True) #降序排列
# op = choice('+-') #choice随机选择一个(详细用法看随机密码笔记)
# #计算标准答案
# result = cmds[op](*nums) #*可拆分列表
#
# #提示语,即算式
# prompt = '%s %s %s = ' % (nums[0],op,nums[1])
# counter = 0
# while counter < 3:
# try:
# answer = int(input(prompt).strip()[0])
# except (ValueError,IndexError) as echo:
# print('Invalid input,Try again: %s' % echo)
# except (KeyboardInterrupt, EOFError):
# print('\nBye-bye')
# print('\nDone')
# exit()
# else:
# if answer == result:
# print('Very Good!!!')
# break
# print('Result Error.')
# counter += 1
# else:
# print('%s%s' % (prompt,result))
#
# def main():
# while True:
# try:
# exam()
# user = input('Continue(y/n)? ').strip()[0]
# except (ValueError, IndexError) as echo:
# print('Invalid input,Try again: %s' % echo)
# except (KeyboardInterrupt,EOFError):
# print('\nBye-bye')
# print('\nDone')
# exit()
# else:
# if user in 'nN':
# print('\nBye-bye')
# break
#
#
# if __name__ == '__main__':
# main()
# #匿名函数
# #lambda高阶函数用法(匿名函数:跟普通函数一样的效果)
# def add(x,y):
# return x + y
# print(add(5,10))
# #可以改写为下面的
# myadd = lambda x, y: x + y
# print(myadd(10,5))
# #实际例子:
# from random import randint, choice
#
# def exam():
# cmds = {'+': lambda x, y: x + y, '-': lambda x, y: x - y}
# nums = [randint(1, 100) for i in range(2)]
# nums.sort(reverse=True) # 降序排列
# op = choice('+-')
# # 计算标准答案
# result = cmds[op](*nums)
#
# # 提示语，即算式
# prompt = '%s %s %s = ' % (nums[0], op, nums[1])
# counter = 0
# while counter < 3:
# try:
# answer = int(input(prompt))
# except: # 可以捕获所有异常，但是不推荐
# print()
# continue
#
# if answer == result:
# print('Very Good!!!')
# break
# print('不对哟!!!')
# counter += 1
# else:
# print('%s%s' % (prompt, result))
#
# def main():
# while 1:
# exam()
# try:
# yn = input('Continue(y/n)? ').strip()[0]
# except IndexError:
# yn = 'y'
# except (KeyboardInterrupt, EOFError):
# yn = 'n'
#
# if yn in 'nN':
# print('\nBye-bye')
# break
#
# if __name__ == '__main__':
# main()
#高阶函数filter(高阶函数处理的数据只能print一次 第二次为空:高阶函数又称生成器:只能取一次值)
"""
- 它接受两个参数。filter(func, seq)
- 第一个参数是函数，如func
- 第二个参数是序列对象
- func它必须接受一个参数，返回值必须是True或False
- filter函数工作时，将序列对象中的每个值作为func的参数进行过滤，结果为真的保留，为假的舍弃
"""
# #举例子
# from random import randint
#
# def funcation(x):
# return x % 2 #效果和下边等同
# #return True if x % 2 == 1 else False
#
# if __name__ == '__main__':
# nums = [randint(1,100) for i in range(10)]
# print(nums)
# result = filter(funcation,nums)
# print(list(result)) #筛选出来基数
# result2 = filter(lambda x: not x % 2, nums) #匿名函数与上方正常函数效果一样
# print(list(result2)) #筛选出来偶数
# print(list(result2)) #二次print为空
# print(set(nums))
#map函数
"""
- 它接受两个参数。map(func, seq)
- 第一个参数是函数，如func
- 第二个参数是序列对象
- func它必须接受一个参数，它将接收到的数据进行处理，然后返回
"""
# from random import randint
#
# def funcation2(x):
# return x * 2
#
# if __name__ == '__main__':
# nums = [randint(1,100) for i in range(10)]
# print(nums)
# result3 = map(funcation2,nums)
# print(list(result3))
# result4 = map(lambda x: x * 2,nums)
# print(list(result4))
#****************
# #变量
# """
# - 在函数外面定义的变量是全局变量。全局变量从定义开始，到程序结束，任意地方可见可用。
# """
# #****global
# x = 10
# def funcation():
# print(x)
# # ******优先级global>local*****
# print(funcation())
# """
# - 在函数内定义的变量是局部变量。局部变量只能在函数内部使用。
# """
# #****local
# def funcation2():
# y = 5
# print(y)
# """
# - 如果局部和全局有同名变量。局部变量将会遮盖住全局变量。
# """
# y = 10
# def funcation3():
# y = 5
# print(y)
# """
# - 如果希望通过函数改变全局变量，需要使用关键字global
# """
# #global使用
# def funcation4():
# global x #不再是local而是global了
# x = 100000
# print(x)
#
#偏函数:固参
"""
- 改造现有函数，生成新函数
- 改造时，可以将现有函数的一些参数固定
"""
# def funcation5(a,b,c,d,e): #函数必须有五个参数
# return a + b + c + d + e
# print(funcation5(10 ,20 ,30 ,40 ,2)) #每次传参 前4个数固定
#
# from functools import partial
#
# myadd = partial(funcation5,10, 20, 30, 40)
# print(myadd(2))
#
# int2 = partial(int,base=2) #修改int函数固定base=2值 生成新函数int2(二进制转换十进制)
# print(int2('10')) #2
# #案例2: GUI
# #tkinter 窗口模块
# import tkinter
# root = tkinter.Tk()
#递归函数
#数字阶乘:自己调用自己
"""
5! = 5x4x3x2x1
"""
# def funcation(x):
# if x == 1:
# return 1
# return x * funcation(x - 1)
#
# print(funcation(5)) #120
"""函数流程
5*funcation(4)
4*funcation(3)
3*funcation(2)
2*funcation(1)
1
"""
#快速排序
# from random import randint
#
# def quickly_sort(seq):
# #如果对象的长度是0或1 那么直接返回 不用在排序
# if len(seq)<2:
# return seq
# #假设第一个数是中间值 比他小的放到一个列表
# #比他大的放到另一个列表
# middle = seq[0]
# smaller = []
# larger = []
# for i in seq[1:]:
# if i <= middle:
# smaller.append(i)
# else:
# larger.append(i)
# #把各项从小到大拼接 如果对列表继续进行排序
# return quickly_sort(smaller) + [middle] + quickly_sort(larger)
#
# if __name__ == '__main__':
# nums = [randint(1,100) for i in range(10)]
# print(nums)
# print(quickly_sort(nums))
#生成器:直接把列表解析变成()即可 且只能取一次值
"""
- 可以通过生成器表达式得到生成器
"""
# from random import randint
#
# nums = (randint(1,100) for i in range(10))
# for i in nums:
# print(i)
#使用函数的形式
"""
- 常规函数通过return返回一个最终结果
- 生成器通过yield语句，返回多个中间结果
"""
# def mygen():
# yield 10
# a = 100 +5
# yield a
# yield 200
#
# mg = mygen()
# print(list(mg))
# print(list(mg)) #再次取值就为空[]
#模块
"""导入模块时，python到指定路径下搜寻
- sys.path定义的路径
- PYTHONPATH环境变量定义的路径
"""
# import sys #导入以第一次为准 如果修改了需要退出python重新导入!!
#
# print(sys.path) #查看all变量目录
"""终端操作
#cp qsort.py /var/tmp
#cd /tmp/
#python
>>>import qsort //报错
#export PYTHONPATH = /var/tmp
#python
>>>import qsort //成功
"""
#tarfile压缩文件模块
"""
"""
# #创建压缩文件
# import tarfile
#
# tar = tarfile.open('/tmp/mytest.tar.gz','w:gz')
# tar.add('/etc/hosts') #tar /etc/hosts
# tar.close()
# #解压,打开时不用指定压缩格式(程序会自动判断)
# tar = tarfile.open('/tmp/mytest.tar.gz')
# tar.extractall(path='/var/tmp') #解压到制定的目录 默认当前路径
# tar.close()
#
# #计算数据的哈希值
# import hashlib
# m = hashlib.md5(b'123456')
# m.hexdigest()
# 'e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f883e'
#
# with open('/etc/passwd', 'rb') as fobj:
# data = fobj.read()
#
# m = hashlib.md5(data)
# m.hexdigest()
# '687950834a69d8e7ab0ba9e9111eeb1f'
#
# m = hashlib.md5()
# m.update(b'12')
# m.update(b'34')
# m.update(b'56')
# m.hexdigest()
# 'e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f883e'
