引言
关于单元测试的基本知识这里不再讲述，简单一句话：单元测试是用一段代码去测试另一段代码。最常用的框架是unittest，这是python的单元测试框架，而django单元测试框架test.TestCase是继承了python的unittest.TestCase。
TestCase也是对unittest.TestCase进行了进一步的封装，省去了很多重复要写的代码，比如定义一个self.client、Email Service提供了方便的邮件发送的方法。
众所周知django模式是MTV模型，其中T是模板也就是HTML文件，对于HTML来说，没有可测的代码，基本上写死，即使有，并不是重要的逻辑代码。所以在进行单元测试的时候，重点针对M和V展开，也就是models和views。
方式
单元测试进行的两种方式：
1.使用django框架自带的tests.py文件进行单元测试；
2.自定义创建test.py文件；
这两种是一样，只是运行时所执行目录不一样。
注：我这里只介绍第一种。
模型测试
首先导入公共使用库:
from django.test import TestCase
from django_web.models import Event,Guest
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
# Create your tests here.
import datetime
get_now = datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
测试模型
class DjangoWebModelTest(TestCase):
"""测试模型"""
def setUp(self) -> None:
Event.objects.create(id=1,name='小米5',status=True,address='深圳',limit=3,start_time=get_now)
Guest.objects.create(id=1,event_id=1,realname='老王',phone=15099925893,email='[email protected]',sign=False)
def test_event_model(self):
"""测试发布会表"""
result = Event.objects.get(name='小米5')
self.assertEqual(result.address,'深圳')
self.assertTrue(result.status)
def test_guest_model(self):
"""测试嘉宾表"""
result = Guest.objects.get(phone='15099925893')
self.assertEqual(result.realname,'老王')
self.assertFalse(result.sign)
视图函数测试
class IndexPageTest(TestCase):
"""测试index登录首页"""
def test_index_page(self):
"""测试index视图"""
response = self.client.get('/index/')
self.assertEqual(response.status_code,200)
self.assertTemplateUsed(response,'index.html')
class LoginAction(TestCase):
"""测试登录动作"""
def setUp(self) -> None:
"""创建用户数据：两种不同的方式创建用户"""
User.objects.create(username='admin')
User.objects.create_user(username='admin2',email='[email protected]',password='123456')
def test_add_admin(self):
"""添加用户admin测试"""
user = User.objects.get(username='admin')
self.assertEqual(user.username,'admin')
def test_add_admin2(self):
"""添加用户admin2测试"""
user = User.objects.get(username='admin2')
self.assertEqual(user.username,'admin2')
self.assertEqual(user.email,'[email protected]')
def test_login_username_password_null(self):
"""用户名密码为空"""
test_data = {'username':'','password':''}
response = self.client.post('/login_action/',data=test_data)
self.assertEqual(response.status_code,302)
def test_login_username_password_error(self):
"""用户名密码错误"""
test_data = {'username':'test','password':'123456'}
response = self.client.post('/login_action/',data=test_data)
self.assertEqual(response.status_code,302)
def test_login_action_success(self):
"""登录成功"""
test_data = {'username':'admin2','password':'123456'}
response = self.client.post('/login_action/',data=test_data)
self.assertEqual(response.status_code,302)
class EventManageTest(TestCase):
"""发布会管理"""
def setUp(self) -> None:
#创建用户账号
User.objects.create_user('admin','[email protected]','123456')
Event.objects.create(name='小米3',limit=3,address='深圳',status=True,start_time=get_now)
self.login_user = {'username':'admin','password':'123456'}
#预先登录
self.client.post('/login_action/', data=self.login_user)
def test_add_event_data(self):
""" 测试添加发布会:小米3 """
event = Event.objects.get(name="小米3")
self.assertEqual(event.address, "深圳")
def test_event_success(self):
"""测试发布会:小米3"""
response = self.client.post('/event_manager/')
self.assertEqual(response.status_code,200)
self.assertIn("小米3".encode('utf-8'),response.content)
def test_event_search_success(self):
"""测试发布会搜索"""
response = self.client.post('/search_name/')
self.assertEqual(response.status_code,200)
self.assertIn('小米3'.encode('UTF-8'),response.content)
class GuestManageTest(TestCase):
"""嘉宾管理"""
def setUp(self) -> None:
User.objects.create_user('admin','[email protected]','123456')
Event.objects.create(id=1,name='小米2',limit=3,address='深圳',status=True,start_time=get_now)
Guest.objects.create(realname='小李子',phone=15099925798,email='[email protected]',sign=0,event_id=1)
self.login_user = {'username':'admin','password':'123456'}
#预先登录
self.client.post('/login_action/',data=self.login_user)
def test_add_guest(self):
"""测试添加嘉宾：小李子"""
guest =Guest.objects.get(realname='小李子')
self.assertEqual(guest.realname,'小李子')
self.assertEqual(guest.phone,'15099925798')
self.assertEqual(guest.email,'[email protected]')
self.assertFalse(guest.sign)
def test_guest_success(self):
"""测试嘉宾列表:小李子"""
response = self.client.post('/guest_manager/')
self.assertEqual(response.status_code,200)
self.assertIn('小李子'.encode('UTF-8'),response.content)
self.assertIn('15099925798'.encode('utf-8'),response.content)
def test_guest_search_success(self):
"""测试嘉宾搜索"""
response = self.client.post('/search_phone/')
self.assertEqual(response.status_code,200)
self.assertIn('小李子'.encode('utf-8'),response.content)
self.assertIn('15099925798'.encode('utf-8'),response.content)
class SignIndexActionTest(TestCase):
"""发布会签到"""
def setUp(self) -> None:
User.objects.create_user('admin','[email protected]','123456')
Event.objects.create(id=1, name='小米1', limit=3, address='广州', status=True, start_time=get_now)
Event.objects.create(id=2, name='小米9', limit=3, address='北京', status=True, start_time=get_now)
Guest.objects.create(realname='老张', phone=15099925798, email='[email protected]', sign=0, event_id=1) #未签到
Guest.objects.create(realname='老周', phone=15099925700, email='[email protected]', sign=1, event_id=2) #未签到
self.login_user = {'username':'admin','password':'123456'}
self.client.post('/login_action/',data=self.login_user)
def test_phone_null(self):
"""测试手机号码为空"""
response =self.client.post('/sign_index_action/1/',{"phone":""})
self.assertEqual(response.status_code,200)
self.assertIn('请输入电话号码.'.encode('utf-8'),response.content)
def test_phone_error(self):
"""手机号码错误"""
response = self.client.post('/sign_index_action/2/',{"phone":"15099925732398"})
self.assertEqual(response.status_code,200)
self.assertIn("电话号码错误.".encode('UTF-8'),response.content)
def test_phone_or_eventid_error(self):
"""电话号码所属嘉宾不属于该发布会"""
response = self.client.post('/sign_index_action/2/',{"phone":"15099925798"})
self.assertEqual(response.status_code,200)
self.assertIn("电话号码所属嘉宾不属于该发布会.".encode('UTF-8'),response.content)
def test_already_sign(self):
"""用户已签到"""
response = self.client.post('/sign_index_action/2/',{"phone":"15099925700"})
self.assertEqual(response.status_code,200)
self.assertIn("您已经签到！.".encode('utf-8'),response.content)
def test_sign_success(self):
"""签到成功"""
response = self.client.post('/sign_index_action/1/',{"phone":"15099925798"})
self.assertEqual(response.status_code,200)
self.assertIn("签到成功!".encode('utf-8'),response.content)
运行单元测试代码
""" 运行所有用例： python3 manage.py test 运行django_web应用下的所有用例： python3 manage.py test django_web 运行sign应用下的tests.py文件用例： python3 manage.py test django_web.tests 运行django_web应用下的tests.py文件中的 DjangoWebModelTest 测试类： python3 manage.py test django_web.tests.DjangoWebModelTest 运行django_web应用下DjangoWebModelTest 测试类中的测试方法(用例)： python3 manage.py test django_web.tests.DjangoWebModelTest.test_event_model 模糊匹配测试文件 运行python3 manage.py test django_web -p test*.py ...... """
执行结果
D:\my_django_guest>python3 manage.py test django_web Creating test database for alias 'default'... System check identified no issues (0 silenced). ................... ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Ran 19 tests in 3.080s OK Destroying test database for alias 'default'...