Windows程序设计——Windows单选按钮、复选框、分组框控件

Windows单按钮、复选框、分组框控件

单选按钮（Radio Button）和复选框（Check Box）是常见的Windows控件，用于从给出的选项中选择一项或多项，如下图所示：

单选钮与复选框

单选按钮是互斥的，只能选择其中一项；而复选框没有限制，可以选择一项或多项。

单选按钮和复选框都是一种特殊的按钮，窗口类名称都是button，只不过增加了一些特殊的窗口样式罢了。单选按钮的样式为BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON，复选框的样式为BS_AUTOCHECKBOX。例如：

//创建一个单选按钮
CreateWindow(
    TEXT("button"), TEXT("单选按钮"),
    WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON/*单选按钮*/,
    235, 40, 100, 26,
    hWnd, (HMENU)7, hInst, NULL
);
//创建一个复选框
CreateWindow(
    TEXT("button"), TEXT("复选框"),
    WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTOCHECKBOX/*复选框*/,
    95, 70, 50, 26,
    hWnd, (HMENU)9, hInst, NULL
);

如上图所示，单选按钮一般是分组的，一组单选按钮之间是互斥的，只能选择其中一个。一个窗口可以包含多组单选按钮。

要想为单选按钮分组，可以增加WS_GROUP样式。设置了 WS_GROUP 样式的单选框为一组中的首元素，随后的所有单选按钮都和它在同一组，直到下一个设置了 WS_GROUP 样式的单选按钮。

下面的代码，将实现上图中所示的单选按钮和复选框：

//窗口过程
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam){
    PAINTSTRUCT ps;
    HDC hdc;
    static HFONT hFont;  //逻辑字体
    //一组单选按钮
    static HWND labSex;  //静态文本框--性别
    static HWND radioMale;  //单选按钮--男
    static HWND radioFemale;  //单选按钮--女
    //一组单选按钮
    static HWND labMarriage;  //静态文本框--婚姻状况
    static HWND radioMarried;  //单选按钮--已婚
    static HWND radioSingle;  //单选按钮--未婚
    static HWND radioSecrecy;  //单选按钮--保密
    //一组复选框
    static HWND labPet;  //静态文本框--你的宠物
    static HWND checkboxDog;  //复选框--狗
    static HWND checkboxCat;  //复选框--猫
    static HWND checkboxFish;  //复选框--鱼
    static HWND checkboxOther;  //复选框--其他
    switch (message){
        case  WM_CREATE:
            hFont = CreateFont(
                -14, -7, 0, 0, 400,
                FALSE, FALSE, FALSE,DEFAULT_CHARSET,
                OUT_CHARACTER_PRECIS, CLIP_CHARACTER_PRECIS, DEFAULT_QUALITY,
                FF_DONTCARE, TEXT("微软雅黑")
            );
            //选择性别
            labSex = CreateWindow(
                TEXT("static"), TEXT("你的性别："),
                WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | SS_CENTERIMAGE | SS_RIGHT/*文字居右*/,
                10, 10, 80, 26,
                hWnd, (HMENU)1, hInst, NULL
            );
            radioMale = CreateWindow(
                TEXT("button"), TEXT("男"),
                WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT/*文字居左*/ | BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON /*单选按钮*/ | WS_GROUP,
                95, 10, 50, 26,
                hWnd, (HMENU)2, hInst, NULL
            );
            radioFemale = CreateWindow(
                TEXT("button"), TEXT("女"),
                WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON,
                150, 10, 50, 26,
                hWnd, (HMENU)2, hInst, NULL
            );
            //选择婚姻状况
            labMarriage = CreateWindow(
                TEXT("static"), TEXT("婚姻状况："),
                WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | SS_CENTERIMAGE | SS_RIGHT,
                10, 40, 80, 26,
                hWnd, (HMENU)4, hInst, NULL
            );
            radioMarried = CreateWindow(
                TEXT("button"), TEXT("已婚"),
                WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON | WS_GROUP,
                95, 40, 65, 26,
                hWnd, (HMENU)5, hInst, NULL
            );
            radioSingle = CreateWindow(
                TEXT("button"), TEXT("未婚"),
                WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON,
                165, 40, 65, 26,
                hWnd, (HMENU)6, hInst, NULL
            );
            radioSecrecy = CreateWindow(
                TEXT("button"), TEXT("保密"),
                WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON,
                235, 40, 100, 26,
                hWnd, (HMENU)7, hInst, NULL
            );
            //你的宠物
            labPet = CreateWindow(
                TEXT("static"), TEXT("你的宠物："),
                WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | SS_CENTERIMAGE | SS_RIGHT,
                10, 70, 80, 26,
                hWnd, (HMENU)8, hInst, NULL
            );
           
            checkboxDog = CreateWindow(
                TEXT("button"), TEXT("狗"),
                WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTOCHECKBOX/*复选框*/,
                95, 70, 50, 26,
                hWnd, (HMENU)9, hInst, NULL
            );
            checkboxCat = CreateWindow(
                TEXT("button"), TEXT("猫"),
                WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTOCHECKBOX,
                150, 70, 50, 26,
                hWnd, (HMENU)10, hInst, NULL
            );
            checkboxFish = CreateWindow(
                TEXT("button"), TEXT("鱼"),
                WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTOCHECKBOX,
                205, 70, 50, 26,
                hWnd, (HMENU)11, hInst, NULL
            );
            checkboxOther = CreateWindow(
                TEXT("button"), TEXT("其他"),
                WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTOCHECKBOX,
                260, 70, 65, 26,
                hWnd, (HMENU)11, hInst, NULL
            );
            SendMessage(labSex, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
            SendMessage(radioMale, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
            SendMessage(radioFemale, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
            SendMessage(labMarriage, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
            SendMessage(radioMarried, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
            SendMessage(radioSingle, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
            SendMessage(radioSecrecy, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
            SendMessage(labPet, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
            SendMessage(checkboxDog, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
            SendMessage(checkboxCat, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
            SendMessage(checkboxFish, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
            SendMessage(checkboxOther, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
            break;
        case WM_PAINT:
            hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps);
            // TODO:  在此添加任意绘图代码...
            EndPaint(hWnd, &ps);
            break;
        case WM_DESTROY:
            PostQuitMessage(0);
            break;
        default:
            return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
    }
    return 0;
}

分组框控件

使用分组框控件（GroupBox）可以对单选按钮、复选框进行更好的分组，如下图所示：

分组框控件也是一种特殊的按钮，它的样式为BS_GROUPBOX，例如：

//创建分组框控件
hGroupSex = CreateWindow(
    TEXT("button"), TEXT("你的性别"),
    WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_GROUPBOX,
    20, 20, 300, 70,
    hWnd, (HMENU)1, hInst, NULL
);
//接下来添加单选按钮
hRadioMale = CreateWindow(
    TEXT("button"), TEXT("男"),
    WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON /*单选按钮*/,
    15, 30, 50, 26,
    hGroupSex /*父窗口为 GroupBox 控件*/, (HMENU)2, hInst, NULL
);
hRadioFemale = CreateWindow(
    TEXT("button"), TEXT("女"),
    WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON,
    80, 30, 50, 26,
    hGroupSex, (HMENU)3, hInst, NULL
);

该代码将会创建上图中的第一组按钮。

需要注意的是：单选按钮的父窗口为分组框控件 hGroupSex，而不是顶级窗口 hWnd。

完整的示例代码较长，就不在这里展示了，如有需要，请继续查看本节完整代码。

链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_45525272/article/details/104332539