C# 序列化与反序列化之Binary与Soap无法对泛型List<T>进行序列化的解决方案
BinarySerialize使用Soap序列化PlayerList会报错,因为Soap序列化无法对泛型List<T>进行序列化,解决方法如下
新建Console控制台项目项目,然后添加Team和Person 这2个类,如下:
Team和Person 这2个类
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace SupremeConsole
{
[Serializable]
public class Team
{
/// <summary>
/// 队名
/// </summary>
public string TName { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 选手
/// </summary>
public List<Person> PlayerList = new List<Person>();
}
}
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace SupremeConsole
{
[Serializable]
public class Person
{
/// <summary>
/// 姓名
/// </summary>
public string Name { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 年龄
/// </summary>
public int Age { get; set; }
}
}
使用Binary或者Soap进行序列化,本例演示使用Soap对类型种的泛型字段进行序列化,代码如下:
using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SQLite;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.IO;
using System.IO.Compression;
using System.IO.MemoryMappedFiles;
using System.IO.Pipes;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net;
using System.Security.AccessControl;
using System.Security.Principal;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Xml;
using System.Xml.Serialization;
using System.Reflection;
using System.ServiceModel;
using System.ServiceModel.Channels;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
namespace SupremeConsole
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
TestSeri();
Console.ReadLine();
}
public static void TestSeri() {
Team team = new Team { TName="123",PlayerList = { new Person { Name="1",Age=1},new Person { Name = "2", Age = 2 } } };
#region BinarySerialize 必须添可序列化属性,即要序列化的对象必须添加SerializableAttribute属性,[Serializable]
//string s = SerializeManager.Instance.BinarySerialize<Team>(team);//序列化
//Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.Green;
//Console.WriteLine("测试序列化成功。。。");
//Console.WriteLine($"测试序列化结果:\r\n{s}");
//string path = Path.Combine(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory, "序列化11111.bin");//序列化
//SerializeManager.Instance.BinarySerialize<Team>(team, path);
//string path = Path.Combine(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory, "序列化11111.bin");
//Team test = SerializeManager.Instance.BinaryDeserialize<Team>(path);//反序列化
//if (test != null)
//{
// Console.WriteLine($"测试序列化结果:{test.ToString()}");
//}
#endregion
#region SoapSerialize 必须添可序列化属性,即要序列化的对象必须添加SerializableAttribute属性,[Serializable]
string s = SerializeManager.Instance.SoapSerialize<Team>(team);//序列化
Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.Green;
Console.WriteLine("测试序列化成功。。。");
Console.WriteLine($"测试序列化结果:\r\n{s}");
//string path = Path.Combine(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory, "Soap序列化.xml");//序列化
//SerializeManager.Instance.SoapSerialize<Team>(team, path);
//string path = Path.Combine(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory, "Soap序列化.xml");
//Team test = SerializeManager.Instance.SoapDeserialize<Team>(path);//反序列化
//if (test != null)
//{
// Console.WriteLine($"测试序列化结果:{test.ToString()}");
//}
#endregion
}
/// <summary>
/// Binary泛型序列化
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">泛型类型</typeparam>
/// <param name="t">泛型对象</param>
/// <returns>泛型对象序列化的字符串</returns>
public string BinarySerialize<T>(T t) where T : class
{
string s = null;
try
{
using MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream();
BinaryFormatter bf = new BinaryFormatter();
bf.Serialize(ms, t);
s = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(ms.ToArray());
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Program.Log.Error($"Binary泛型序列化错误信息:{ex.ToString()}");
}
return s;
}
/// <summary>
/// Binary泛型序列化
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">泛型类型</typeparam>
/// <param name="t">泛型对象</param>
/// <param name="path">保存的路径</param>
public void BinarySerialize<T>(T t, string path) where T : class
{
try
{
//string path = Path.Combine(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory, "test.txt");
using FileStream fs = new FileStream(path, FileMode.OpenOrCreate);
BinaryFormatter bf = new BinaryFormatter();
bf.Serialize(fs, t);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Program.Log.Error($"Binary泛型序列化错误信息:{ex.ToString()}");
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Binary泛型的反序列化
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">泛型类型</typeparam>
/// <param name="path">反序列化的序列化文件路径</param>
/// <returns>泛型对象</returns>
public T BinaryDeserialize<T>(string path) where T : class
{
T t = null;
try
{
//string path = Path.Combine(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory, "test.txt");
using MemoryStream fs = new MemoryStream(File.ReadAllBytes(path));
BinaryFormatter bf = new BinaryFormatter();
if (bf.Deserialize(fs) is T a)
{
t = a;
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Program.Log.Error($"Binary泛型的反序列化错误信息:{ex.ToString()}");
}
return t;
}
}
}
运行程序报错,错误信息是无法对泛型进行序列化,
第一种解决方式:Soap序列化无法对泛型List<T>进行序列化,解决方法1 :使用[OnSerializing]特性解决泛型List<T>序列化,修改Team为下面代码如下:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace SupremeConsole
{
[Serializable]
public class Team
{
#region 初始定义,使用Soap序列化PlayerList会报错,因为Soap序列化无法对泛型List<T>进行序列化,解决方法如下
///// <summary>
///// 队名
///// </summary>
//public string TName { get; set; }
///// <summary>
///// 选手
///// </summary>
//public List<Person> PlayerList = new List<Person>();
#endregion
#region Soap序列化无法对泛型List<T>进行序列化,解决方法1 :使用[OnSerializing]特性解决泛型List<T>序列化
/// <summary>
/// 队名
/// </summary>
public string TName { get; set; }
Person[] _PlayerArr;
/// <summary>
/// 选手
/// </summary>
[NonSerialized] public List<Person> PlayerList = new List<Person>();
[OnSerializing]
public void SetPlayer(StreamingContext sc)
{
_PlayerArr = PlayerList.ToArray();
}
[OnDeserialized]
public void SetPlayered(StreamingContext sc)
{
_PlayerArr = null;
}
[OnDeserializing]
public void GetPlayer(StreamingContext sc)
{
PlayerList = new List<Person>(_PlayerArr);
}
#endregion
}
}
在运行,可以序列化,但是反序列化的时候报错,集合为空错误,那么我们使用第二中解决方法,即实现ISerializable接口,
ISerializable接口中有GetObjectData(SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext context),序列化的时候会调用该方法,可以操作参数SerializationInfo ,SerializationInfo 是一个a name-value dictionary,
反序列化的时候,可以使用构造函数,构造函数的参数和GetObjectData的参数一样,即构造函数(SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext context)。
第二种解决方式:实现ISerializable接口对泛型List<T>进行序列化,修改Team为下面代码如下:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace SupremeConsole
{
[Serializable]
public class Team : ISerializable
{
/// <summary>
/// 队名
/// </summary>
public string TName { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 选手
/// </summary>
public List<Person> PlayerList = new List<Person>();
/// <summary>
/// 序列化的时候会自动调用,使用virtual标记,示方便继承自类的使用
/// </summary>
/// <param name="info"></param>
/// <param name="context"></param>
public virtual void GetObjectData(SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext context)
{
info.AddValue("TName", TName);
info.AddValue("PlayerList", PlayerList);
}
public Team()
{
}
/// <summary>
/// 反序了列化的时候自动调用,使用protected标记,示方便继承自类的使用
/// </summary>
protected Team(SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext context)
{
TName = info.GetString("TName");
PlayerList = (List<Person>)info.GetValue("PlayerList",typeof(List<Person>));
}
}
}
再运行程序,可以看到序列化和反序列化都可以了。
其实,Binary与Soap无法对泛型List<T>进行序列化的解决方案,无非就是使用[OnSerializing]特性和实现ISerializable接口,