53STL_map&multimap

53STL_map&multimap

基本概念

map & multimap 即 映射 与 多映射(也被称为字典)
用来保存键-值对数据
二者的区别是 键不允许重复 & 键允许重复

基本操作:

  • insert() 4种方法 (multimap不能使用下标插入数据!)
  • count() 和 find() (find不能修改数据)
  • erase() 3种方法

示例代码

#include <iostream>
#include <map>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
    map<int, string> a;         //定义map
    map<string, int> grade;
    multimap<int, string> ma;

    //插入数据   key键 value值
    a.insert(map<int, string>::value_type(1, "One"));
    a.insert(map<int, string>::value_type(2, "Two"));
    a.insert(map<int, string>::value_type(3, "Three"));

    a.insert(make_pair(-1, "Minus One"));   //使用make_pair函数

    a.insert(pair<int, string>(1000, "One thousand"));  //使用pair

    a[1000000] = "One Million";             //使用下标

    grade.insert(make_pair("张飞", 99));
    grade.insert(make_pair("刘备", 56));
    grade["关羽"] = 87;

    cout << "最简单的查找:" << endl;
    cout << a[3] << endl;

    cout << grade["刘备"] << endl;

    cout << "map里一共有" << a.size() << "个key_value对数据" << endl;
    cout << "这些数据是:" << endl;
    map<int, string>::const_iterator i;
    for(i = a.begin(); i != a.end(); ++i)
    {
        cout << "Key:" << i->first;
        cout << " Value: " << i->second.c_str() << endl;
    }

    ma.insert(multimap<int, string>::value_type(3, "Three"));
    ma.insert(multimap<int, string>::value_type(45, "Forty Five"));

    ma.insert(make_pair(-1, "Minus One"));

    ma.insert(pair<int, string>(1000, "One thousand"));
    ma.insert(pair<int, string>(1000, "One thousand"));     //multimap可以重复数据

    //multimap不能使用下标插入数据!

    cout << endl << "multimap里有" << ma.size() << "个数据" << endl;

    multimap<int, string>::const_iterator i2;
    for(i2 = ma.begin(); i2 != ma.end(); ++i2)
    {
        cout << "Key:" << i2->first;
        cout << " Value: " << i2->second.c_str() << endl;
    }
    cout << endl << "multimap里有" << ma.count(1000) << "个1000" << endl;

    //find查找,通过迭代器查找
    multimap<int, string>::const_iterator fi;
    fi = ma.find(45);
    if(fi != ma.end())
    {
        cout << "找到了:" << fi->first << " = " << fi->second.c_str() << endl;
    }
    else
    {
        cout << "没找到!" << endl;
    }

    fi = ma.find(1000);     //查找重复的数据
    if(fi != ma.end())
    {
        cout << "找到了1000!" << endl;
        size_t n = ma.count(1000);
        for(size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i)
        {
            cout << "\t Key: " << fi->first;
            cout << ", Value [" << i << "] = " << fi->second.c_str() << endl;
            ++fi;
        }

    }
    else
    {
        cout << "没找到1000!" << endl;
    }

    //erase删除操作

    if(ma.erase(-1) > 0)
        cout <<  endl << "删除-1成功!" << endl;

    //通过迭代器删除
    multimap<int, string>::iterator iElementFound = ma.find(45);
    if(iElementFound != ma.end())
    {
        ma.erase(iElementFound);
        cout << "删除45成功!" << endl;
    }

    //通过键值对删除一个范围
    ma.erase(ma.lower_bound(1000), ma.upper_bound(1000));

    return 0;
}

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转载自blog.csdn.net/Felix_hyfy/article/details/98397480