Greenplum数据库常用操作语句

Greenplum 大数据平台基于MPP（大规模并行处理）架构，具有良好的弹性和线性扩展能力，内置并行存储、并行通讯、并行计算和优化技术，兼容 SQL 标准，具备强大、高效、安全的PB级结构化、半结构化和非结构化数据存储、处理和实时分析能力

一.创建表

1. 创建表检查约束
   CREATE TABLE products
   ( product_no integer,
   name text,
   price numeric CHECK (price > 0) );

2. 创建非空约束
   CREATE TABLE products
   ( product_no integer NOT NULL,
   name text NOT NULL,
   price numeric );

3. 创建唯一约束
   CREATE TABLE products
   ( product_no integer UNIQUE,
   name text,
   price numeric)
   DISTRIBUTED BY (product_no); 使用hash-distributed 必须为hash分布

4. 主键约束，必须是hash分布
   CREATE TABLE products
   ( product_no integer PRIMARY KEY,name text,
   price numeric)
   DISTRIBUTED BY (product_no);

5. 创建append表
   CREATE TABLE bar (a int, b text)
   WITH (appendonly=true)
   DISTRIBUTED BY (a);

6. 创建列表
   CREATE TABLE bar (a int, b text)
   WITH (appendonly=true, rientation=column)
   DISTRIBUTED BY (a);

7. 创建压缩表 压缩级别从1到9，quicklz只有默认1的压缩级别
   CREATE TABLE foo (a int, b text)
   WITH (appendonly=true, compresstype=zlib,
   compresslevel=5);
   zlib，quicklz，RLE_TYPE 三种压缩格式
   9级 1级 4级

8. 查看压缩的函数
   SELECT get_ao_distribution(‘lineitem_comp’);

9. 数据块的大小从8192-2097152 但是必须以8k的倍数增长 eg：
   C1 char ENCODING (compresstype=quicklz, blocksize=65536)
   COLUMN C1 ENCODING (compresstype=quicklz, blocksize=65536)
   DEFAULT COLUMN ENCODING (compresstype=quicklz)

10. 列压缩表
    CREATE TABLE T1 (c1 int ENCODING (compresstype=zlib),
    c2 char ENCODING (compresstype=quicklz, blocksize=65536),
    c3 char)
    WITH (appendonly=true, rientation=column);

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11. 三种压缩列
    CREATE TABLE T2 (c1 int ENCODING (compresstype=zlib),
    c2 char ENCODING (compresstype=quicklz, blocksize=65536),
    c3 char,
    COLUMN c3 ENCODING (RLE_TYPE)
    )
    WITH (appendonly=true, rientation=column)

12. 压缩分区
    CEATE TABLE T3 (c1 int ENCODING (compresstype=zlib),
    c2 char ENCODING (compresstype=quicklz, blocksize=65536),
    c3 char,
    COLUMN c3 ENCODING (compresstype=RLE_TYPE)
    )
    WITH (appendonly=true, rientation=column)
    PARTITION BY RANGE (c3) (START (‘1900-01-01’::DATE)
    END (‘2100-12-31’::DATE),
    COLUMN c3 ENCODING (zlib));

13. 创建表的时候，可以更改默认值
    CREATE TABLE T4 (c1 int ENCODING (compresstype=zlib),
    c2 char,
    c3 char,
    c4 smallint ENCODING (compresstype=none),
    DEFAULT COLUMN ENCODING (compresstype=quicklz,
    blocksize=65536),
    COLUMN c3 ENCODING (compresstype=RLE_TYPE)
    )
    WITH (appendonly=true, rientation=column);

14. 多重分区形式
    CREATE TABLE T5 (
    i int,
    j int,
    k date,
    DEFAULT COLUMN ENCODING (blocksize=1048576)
    )
    WITH (appendonly = true, rientation=column)
    PARTITION BY RANGE(k)
    SUBPARTITION BY LIST(j)
    SUBPARTITION TEMPLATE
    (PARTITION one_two VALUES(1, 2)
    COLUMN j ENCODING (compresstype=RLE_TYPE),
    PARTITION rest VALUES(3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, …)
    COLUMN j ENCODING (compresstype=zlib, compresslevel=9),
    DEFAULT COLUMN ENCODING (compresstype=quicklz)
    )
    (
    START (date ‘2011-01-01’) END (date ‘2011-12-31’)
    EVERY (interval ‘1 day’)
    );

15. 定义数据类型
    CREATE TYPE comptype (
    internallength = 4,
    input = comptype_in,
    output = comptype_out,
    alignment = int4,
    default = 123,
    passedbyvalue,
    compresstype=“quicklz”,
    blocksize=65536,
    compresslevel=1
    );

16. 调用数据类型创建表
    CREATE TABLE t2 (c1 comptype)
    WITH (APPENDONLY=true, RIENTATION=column);

二.修改表结构

1. 修改表属性
   ALTER TABLE address ALTER COLUMN street SET NOT NULL;
   ALTER TABLE sales SET DISTRIBUTED BY (customer_id);
   ALTER TABLE sales SET DISTRIBUTED RANDOMLY;
   ALTER TABLE sales SET WITH (REORGANIZE=TRUE);

表存储，压缩，排列方式在创建表的时候已经定义完毕，不能更改，如需更改，需重新定义表结构
CREATE TABLE sales2 (LIKE sales)
WITH (appendonly=true, compresstype=quicklz, compresslevel=1, rientation=column);
INSERT INTO sales2 SELECT * FROM sales;
DROP TABLE sales;
ALTER TABLE sales2 RENAME TO sales;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON sales TO admin;
GRANT SELECT ON sales TO guest;

2. 增加表列
   ALTER TABLE T1
   ADD COLUMN c4 int DEFAULT 0
   ENCODING (COMPRESSTYPE=zlib);

3. 分区表的创建
   (1).自动日期分区
   CREATE TABLE sales (id int, date date, amt decimal(10,2))
   DISTRIBUTED BY (id)
   PARTITION BY RANGE (date)
   ( START (date ‘2008-01-01’) INCLUSIVE
   END (date ‘2009-01-01’) EXCLUSIVE
   EVERY (INTERVAL ‘1 day’) );

   (2).创建按月分区
   CREATE TABLE sales (id int, date date, amt decimal(10,2))
   DISTRIBUTED BY (id)
   PARTITION BY RANGE (date)
   ( PARTITION Jan08 START (date ‘2008-01-01’) INCLUSIVE ,
   PARTITION Feb08 START (date ‘2008-02-01’) INCLUSIVE ,
   PARTITION Mar08 START (date ‘2008-03-01’) INCLUSIVE ,
   PARTITION Apr08 START (date ‘2008-04-01’) INCLUSIVE ,
   PARTITION May08 START (date ‘2008-05-01’) INCLUSIVE ,
   PARTITION Jun08 START (date ‘2008-06-01’) INCLUSIVE ,
   PARTITION Jul08 START (date ‘2008-07-01’) INCLUSIVE ,
   PARTITION Aug08 START (date ‘2008-08-01’) INCLUSIVE ,
   PARTITION Sep08 START (date ‘2008-09-01’) INCLUSIVE ,
   PARTITION Oct08 START (date ‘2008-10-01’) INCLUSIVE ,
   PARTITION Nov08 START (date ‘2008-11-01’) INCLUSIVE ,
   PARTITION Dec08 START (date ‘2008-12-01’) INCLUSIVE
   END (date ‘2009-01-01’) EXCLUSIVE );

   (3).按年分区
   CREATE TABLE rank (id int, rank int, year int, gender char(1), count int)
   DISTRIBUTED BY (id)
   PARTITION BY RANGE (year)
   ( START (2001) END (2008) EVERY (1),
   DEFAULT PARTITION extra );

   (4)列表分区
   CREATE TABLE rank (id int, rank int, year int, gender char(1), count int )
   DISTRIBUTED BY (id)
   PARTITION BY LIST (gender)
   ( PARTITION girls VALUES (‘F’),
   PARTITION boys VALUES (‘M’),
   DEFAULT PARTITION other );

   (5)范围，列表，时间分区
   CREATE TABLE sales (trans_id int, date date, amount decimal(9,2), region text)
   DISTRIBUTED BY (trans_id)
   PARTITION BY RANGE (date)
   SUBPARTITION BY LIST (region)
   SUBPARTITION TEMPLATE
   ( SUBPARTITION usa VALUES (‘usa’),
   SUBPARTITION asia VALUES (‘asia’),
   SUBPARTITION europe VALUES (‘europe’),
   DEFAULT SUBPARTITION other_regions)
   START (date ‘2008-01-01’) INCLUSIVE
   END (date ‘2009-01-01’) EXCLUSIVE
   EVERY (INTERVAL ‘1 month’),
   DEFAULT PARTITION outlying_dates );

   (6)年，月，时间，列表分区
   CREATE TABLE sales (id int, year int, month int, day int, region text)
   DISTRIBUTED BY (id)
   PARTITION BY RANGE (year)
   SUBPARTITION BY RANGE (month)
   SUBPARTITION TEMPLATE (
   START (1) END (13) EVERY (1),
   DEFAULT SUBPARTITION other_months )
   SUBPARTITION BY LIST (region)
   SUBPARTITION TEMPLATE (
   SUBPARTITION usa VALUES (‘usa’),
   SUBPARTITION europe VALUES (‘europe’),
   SUBPARTITION asia VALUES (‘asia’),
   DEFAULT SUBPARTITION other_regions )
   ( START (2002) END (2010) EVERY (1),
   DEFAULT PARTITION outlying_years );

4. 查看表的执行计划
   EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM sales WHERE date=‘01-07-08’ AND region=‘usa’;

5. 增加表分区
   ALTER TABLE sales ADD PARTITION
   START (date ‘2009-02-01’) INCLUSIVE
   END (date ‘2009-03-01’) EXCLUSIVE;

6. 增加子分区
   ALTER TABLE sales ADD PARTITION
   START (date ‘2009-02-01’) INCLUSIVE
   END (date ‘2009-03-01’) EXCLUSIVE
   ( SUBPARTITION usa VALUES (‘usa’),
   SUBPARTITION asia VALUES (‘asia’),
   SUBPARTITION europe VALUES (‘europe’) );

7. 修改表名字
   ALTER TABLE sales RENAME TO globalsales;

8. 修改分区表名
   ALTER TABLE sales RENAME PARTITION FOR (‘2008-01-01’) TO jan08;

9. 增加默认分区
   ALTER TABLE sales ADD DEFAULT PARTITION other;

10. 删除分区==(删除第一个分区)==
    ALTER TABLE sales DROP PARTITION FOR (RANK(1));

11. 删除表分区数据==(只会删除第一个分区中的数据)==
    ALTER TABLE sales TRUNCATE PARTITION FOR (RANK(1));

12. 分裂分区
    ALTER TABLE sales SPLIT PARTITION FOR (‘2008-01-01’)
    AT (‘2008-01-16’)
    INTO (PARTITION jan081to15, PARTITION jan0816to31);

13. 分裂默认分区
    ALTER TABLE sales SPLIT DEFAULT PARTITION
    ART (‘2009-01-01’) INCLUSIVE
    END (‘2009-02-01’) EXCLUSIVE
    INTO (PARTITION jan09, default partition);

14. 创建序列
    CREATE SEQUENCE myserial START 101;
    INSERT INTO vendors VALUES (nextval(‘myserial’), ‘acme’);

15. 设置序列
    SELECT setval(‘myserial’, 201);
    ALTER SEQUENCE myserial RESTART WITH 105;

16. 查看当前序列，greenplum不存在currval，lastval的函数
    SELECT * FROM myserial;

17. 删除序列
    DROP SEQUENCE myserial;

参考官方文档：https://greenplum.cn/docs/ref_guide/sql_commands/ALTER_TABLE.html