CentOS 7安装Python3 笔记

　　当前系统为阿里云的CentOS7.3 64位操作系统。

　　先按一般顺序操作安装Python3，如果在安装过程中缺少了什么组件再补充安装。

　　下载最新版本的Python3　　

# wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.1/Python-3.8.1.tgz
# tar -zxvf Python-3.8.1.tgz
# cd Python-3.8.1.tgz
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3
# make && make install

　　结果如下

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/root/downloads/Python-3.8.1/Lib/runpy.py", line 193, in _run_module_as_main
    return _run_code(code, main_globals, None,
  File "/root/downloads/Python-3.8.1/Lib/runpy.py", line 86, in _run_code
    exec(code, run_globals)
  File "/root/downloads/Python-3.8.1/Lib/ensurepip/__main__.py", line 5, in <module>
    sys.exit(ensurepip._main())
  File "/root/downloads/Python-3.8.1/Lib/ensurepip/__init__.py", line 200, in _main
    return _bootstrap(
  File "/root/downloads/Python-3.8.1/Lib/ensurepip/__init__.py", line 119, in _bootstrap
    return _run_pip(args + [p[0] for p in _PROJECTS], additional_paths)
  File "/root/downloads/Python-3.8.1/Lib/ensurepip/__init__.py", line 27, in _run_pip
    import pip._internal
  File "<frozen zipimport>", line 241, in load_module
  File "<frozen zipimport>", line 709, in _get_module_code
  File "<frozen zipimport>", line 570, in _get_data
zipimport.ZipImportError: can't decompress data; zlib not available
make: *** [install] Error 1

　　执行安装编译后提示上述错误（只截取了一部分），根据提示安装缺少的依赖包。

# yum -y install zlib*

　　然后再重新安装编译。

　　最后提示：Successfully installed pip-19.2.3 setuptools-41.2.0。pip3也自动安装上了。

　　创建软连接方便使用

# ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3
# ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3

　　在使用“pip3 install tqdm”时，提示：

Looking in indexes: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
Requirement already satisfied: tqdm in /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (4.42.1)
WARNING: You are using pip version 19.2.3, however version 20.0.2 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.

　执行“pip install --upgrade pip”后，可以成功升级，不过pip3的软连接没有了。该操作是给python2.7的pip升级的。

# pip3 -V
-bash: /usr/bin/pip3: No such file or directory

　　执行"pip3 install --upgrade pip"后，可以正确给pip3升级。

# pip3 -V
pip 20.0.2 from /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip (python 3.8)

　　测试pip3是否可以正确安装包。

# pip3 install pymysql
Looking in indexes: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
Collecting pymysql
  Downloading http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/ed/39/15045ae46f2a123019aa968dfcba0396c161c20f855f11dea6796bcaae95/PyMySQL-0.9.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (47 kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 47 kB 1.0 MB/s 
Installing collected packages: pymysql
Successfully installed pymysql-0.9.3

　总结：由于系统版本和python版本的缘故，没有额外安装pip3，除了zlib也没有额外安装其他依赖。

CentOS 7安装Python3 笔记

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