第十五章　python　GUI界面编程

>>>
   了解什么是GUI和常用的GUI框架
   了解如何安装GUI框架wxPython
   掌握如何使用wxPython框架创建一个应用程序
   掌握wxPython框架中提供的常用控件
   掌握BoxSizer布局的应用
   掌握如何进行事件处理

15.1 初识GUI
   15.1.1 什么是GUI
       GUI是graphical User Interface(图形用户接口)。

   15.1.2 常用的框架

       GUI的工具包选择。有很多工具包，
       下面讲，wxPython工具包

   15.1.3 安装 wxPython
       pip install -U wxPython

15.2 创建应用程序
   15.2.1 创建一个wx.app 的子类
       # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
       import wx
       class MyFrame(wx.App):
           def OnInit(self):
               frame = wx.Frame(parent = None, title = 'hello wypython')
               frame.Show()
               return True

       if __name__ == '__main__':
           app = MyFrame() # 初始化应用
           app.MainLoop() # 调用主循环方法

   15.2.2 直接使用wx.App
       # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
       import wx
       app = wx.App()
       frame = wx.Frame(None, title='hello wypython')
       frame.Show()
       app.MainLoop()

   15,2,3 使用wx.Frame框架
       # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
       import wx

       class MyFrame(wx.Frame):
           def __init__(self, parent, id):
               wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent, id, title = "FrameABC", pos=(100,100), size = (300, 300))

       if __name__ == '__main__':
           app = wx.App()
           frame = MyFrame(parent=None, id = -1)
           frame.Show()
           app.MainLoop()


15.3 常用控件

   15.3.1 staticText文本类

       wx.StaticText(parent, id, label, pos, size, style, name)
       wx.Font(pointSize, family, style, weight, underline(win系统有效，表下划线), faceName, encoding)

       # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
       import wx
       class MyFrame(wx.Frame):
           def __init__(self,parent,id):
               wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent, id, title = "创建StaticText类",
                               pos=(100, 100), size=(600, 300))
               panel = wx.Panel(self) # 创建画板
               # 创建标题，并设置字体
               title = wx.StaticText(panel, label='Python之禅——Tim Peters',pos=(100,20))
               font = wx.Font(16, wx.DEFAULT, wx.FONTSTYLE_NORMAL, wx.NORMAL)
               title.SetFont(font)
               # 创建文本
               wx.StaticText(panel, label='优美胜于丑陋',pos=(50,50))
               wx.StaticText(panel, label='明了胜于晦涩',pos=(50,70))
               wx.StaticText(panel, label='简洁胜于复杂',pos=(50,90))
               wx.StaticText(panel, label='复杂胜于凌乱',pos=(50,110))
               wx.StaticText(panel, label='扁平胜于嵌套',pos=(50,130))
               wx.StaticText(panel, label='间隔胜于紧凑',pos=(50,150))
               wx.StaticText(panel, label='可读性很重要',pos=(50,170))
       if __name__ == '__main__':
           app = wx.App() # 初始化应用
           frame = MyFrame(parent=None,id=-1) # 实例MyFrame类，并传递参数
           frame.Show() # 显示窗口
           app.MainLoop() # 调用主循环方法

   15.3.2 TextCtrl 输入文本类

       wx.textCtrl(parent, id, value = "", pos, size, style(对齐方式), validator(过滤数据，确保得到想要的数据), name)

       # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
       import wx
       class MyFrame(wx.Frame):
           def __init__(self,parent,id):
               wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent,id, title="创建TextCtrl类",size=(400, 300))
               #创建面板
               panel = wx.Panel(self)
               # 创建文本和输入框
               self.title = wx.StaticText(panel ,label="请输入用户名和密码",pos=(140,20))
               self.label_user = wx.StaticText(panel,label="用户名:",pos=(50,50) )
               self.text_user = wx.TextCtrl(panel,pos=(100,50),size=(235,25),style=wx.TE_LEFT)
               self.label_pwd = wx.StaticText(panel,pos=(50,90),label="密码:")
               self.text_password = wx.TextCtrl(panel,pos=(100,90),size=(235,25),style=wx.TE_PASSWORD)

       if __name__ == '__main__':
           app = wx.App() # 初始化应用
           frame = MyFrame(parent=None,id=-1) # 实例MyFrame类，并传递参数
           frame.Show() # 显示窗口
           app.MainLoop() # 调用主循环方法

   15.3.3 Button 按钮类

       wx.Button(parent, id, label, size, style, validator, name)       # 同上

       # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
       import wx
       class MyFrame(wx.Frame):
           def __init__(self,parent,id):
               wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent,id, title="创建TextCtrl类",size=(400, 300))
               #创建面板
               panel = wx.Panel(self)
               # 创建文本和输入框
               self.title = wx.StaticText(panel ,label="请输入用户名和密码",pos=(140,20))
               self.label_user = wx.StaticText(panel,label="用户名:",pos=(50,50) )
               self.text_user = wx.TextCtrl(panel,pos=(100,50),size=(235,25),style=wx.TE_LEFT)
               self.label_pwd = wx.StaticText(panel,pos=(50,90),label="密码:")
               self.text_password = wx.TextCtrl(panel,pos=(100,90),size=(235,25),style=wx.TE_PASSWORD)
               self.lable_check = wx.StaticText(panel, label='验证码:',pos=(50, 130))
               self.text_check = wx.TextCtrl(panel, pos=(100, 130), size=(235,25),style=wx.TE_LEFT)

self.bt_confirm = wx.Button(panel, label='确定', pos = (105, 170))
self.bt_confirm = wx.Button(panel, label='取消', pos=(195, 170))

       if __name__ == '__main__':
           app = wx.App() # 初始化应用
           frame = MyFrame(parent=None,id=-1) # 实例MyFrame类，并传递参数
           frame.Show() # 显示窗口
           app.MainLoop() # 调用主循环方法

15.4 BoxSizer布局
       wxPython提供了5个Boxsizer,

           BoxSizer布局, GridSizer布局， FlexGridSizer布局， GridBagSizer布局，StaticBoxSizer布局。

       15.4.1 什么是BoxSizer
           是一个垂直列或水平列的的组件。

       15.4.2 使用BoxSizer布局

           panel = wx.panel(self)
           self.title = wx.StaticText(panel, label='请输入用户名和密码')
           vsizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
           vsizer.Add(self.title, proportion = 0, flag = wx.ALL, border = 15)
           panel.SetSizer(vsizer)

           # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
           import wx
           class MyFrame(wx.Frame):
               def __init__(self,parent,id):
                   wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent,id, title="创建TextCtrl类",pos = (100, 100),size=(400, 300))

panel = wx.Panel(self)
self.title = wx.StaticText(panel, label = "请输入用户名和密码")

                   # 确认和取消按键
                   self.bt_confirm = wx.Button(panel, label = "确认")
                   self.bt_cancel = wx.Button(panel, label="取消")

                   #
                   # #用户名，和对应的输入框
                   self.user = wx.StaticText(panel, label = '用户名： ')
                   self.text_user = wx.TextCtrl(panel, style=wx.TE_LEFT)
                   self.user_pwd = wx.StaticText(panel, label='密码： ')
                   self.text_user_pwd = wx.TextCtrl(panel, style=wx.TE_LEFT)
                   #
                   # hsizer_user = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
                   # hsizer_user.Add(self.user, proportion = 0, flag = wx.ALL, border = 5)
                   # hsizer_user.Add(self.text_user_pwd, proportion = 0, flag = wx.ALL, border = 5)

                   # 确认取消的框架
                   vsizer_1 = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
                   vsizer_1.Add(self.bt_confirm, proportion = 0, flag = wx.ALL, border = 5)
                   vsizer_1.Add(self.bt_cancel, proportion = 0, flag = wx.ALL, border = 5)

                   # user 的框架
                   vsizer_2 = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
                   vsizer_2.Add(self.user, proportion=0, flag=wx.ALL, border=5)
                   vsizer_2.Add(self.text_user, proportion=1, flag=wx.ALL, border=5)

                   # pwd 的框架
                   vsizer_3 = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
                   vsizer_3.Add(self.user_pwd, proportion=0, flag=wx.ALL, border=5)
                   vsizer_3.Add(self.text_user_pwd, proportion=1, flag=wx.ALL, border=5)

                   vsizer_all = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
                   vsizer_all.Add(self.title, proportion = 0, flag = wx.ALL | wx.ALIGN_CENTER, border = 5)
                   vsizer_all.Add(vsizer_2, proportion = 0, flag = wx.ALL | wx.ALIGN_CENTER | wx.EXPAND, border = 15)
                   vsizer_all.Add(vsizer_3, proportion=0, flag=wx.ALL | wx.ALIGN_CENTER | wx.EXPAND, border=15)

vsizer_all.Add(vsizer_1, proportion=0, flag=wx.ALL | wx.ALIGN_CENTER, border=15)

panel.SetSizer(vsizer_all)

           if __name__ == '__main__':
               app = wx.App() # 初始化应用
               frame = MyFrame(parent=None,id=-1) # 实例MyFrame类，并传递参数
               frame.Show() # 显示窗口
               app.MainLoop() # 调用主循环方法

15.5 事件处理
   15.5.1 什么是事件
       用户执行的动作就叫作事件（event）

   15.5.2 绑定事件
       bt_confirm.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, OnclickSubmit)


       # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
       import wx
       class MyFrame(wx.Frame):
           def __init__(self,parent,id):
               wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent,id, title="创建TextCtrl类",pos = (100, 100),size=(400, 300))

panel = wx.Panel(self)
self.title = wx.StaticText(panel, label = "请输入用户名和密码")

               # 确认和取消按键
               self.bt_confirm = wx.Button(panel, label = "确认")
               self.bt_confirm.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnclickSubmit)

self.bt_cancel = wx.Button(panel, label="取消")
self.bt_cancel.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnclickCancel)

               #
               # #用户名，和对应的输入框
               self.user = wx.StaticText(panel, label = '用户名： ')
               self.text_user = wx.TextCtrl(panel, style=wx.TE_LEFT)
               self.user_pwd = wx.StaticText(panel, label='密码： ')
               self.text_user_pwd = wx.TextCtrl(panel, style=wx.TE_PASSWORD)
               #
               # hsizer_user = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
               # hsizer_user.Add(self.user, proportion = 0, flag = wx.ALL, border = 5)
               # hsizer_user.Add(self.text_user_pwd, proportion = 0, flag = wx.ALL, border = 5)

               # 确认取消的框架
               vsizer_1 = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
               vsizer_1.Add(self.bt_confirm, proportion = 0, flag = wx.ALL, border = 5)
               vsizer_1.Add(self.bt_cancel, proportion = 0, flag = wx.ALL, border = 5)

               # user 的框架
               vsizer_2 = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
               vsizer_2.Add(self.user, proportion=0, flag=wx.ALL, border=5)
               vsizer_2.Add(self.text_user, proportion=1, flag=wx.ALL, border=5)

               vsizer_all = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
               vsizer_all.Add(self.title, proportion = 0, flag = wx.ALL | wx.ALIGN_CENTER, border = 5)
               vsizer_all.Add(vsizer_2, proportion = 0, flag = wx.ALL | wx.ALIGN_CENTER | wx.EXPAND, border = 15)
               vsizer_all.Add(vsizer_3, proportion=0, flag=wx.ALL | wx.ALIGN_CENTER | wx.EXPAND, border=15)

vsizer_all.Add(vsizer_1, proportion=0, flag=wx.ALL | wx.ALIGN_CENTER, border=15)

panel.SetSizer(vsizer_all)

           def OnclickSubmit(self, event):
               ''' 单击确认事件'''
               message = 'abc'
               username = self.text_user.GetValue()
               password = self.text_user_pwd.GetValue()
               if(username == '' or password == ''):
                   message = '用户名和密码不能为空'
               elif (username == 'mr' and password == 'mrsoft'):
                   message = '登录成功'
               else:
                   message = '用户名和密码不匹配'
               wx.MessageBox(message)
           def OnclickCancel(self, event):
               '''单击取消按键'''
               self.text_user.SetValue("")
               self.text_user_pwd.SetValue("")

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第十五章 python GUI界面编程

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第十五章　python　GUI界面编程