Android自动化测试基础知识——UiAutomator--4.3以上（跨应用UI测试）

目录

使用UI Automator Viewer 进行元素定位

UiAutomator API

UiDevice

Public methods

Uiselector

UiObject

Public methods

 UiCollection

UiScrollable

使用

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使用UI Automator Viewer 进行元素定位

UiAutomator API

UI Automator 测试框架提供了一个 UiDevice 类，用于在运行目标应用的设备上访问和执行操作。您可以调用其方法来访问设备属性，如当前屏幕方向或显示屏尺寸。UiDevice 类还可让您执行如下操作：

• 改变设备的旋转。
• 按硬件键，如“音量调高按钮”。
• 按返回、主屏幕或菜单按钮。
• 打开通知栏。
• 截取当前窗口的屏幕截图。

例如，要模拟按主屏幕按钮的操作，请调用 UiDevice.pressHome() 方法。

来源： https://developer.android.google.cn/training/testing/ui-automator

• UiCollection：枚举容器的界面元素，目的是为了计数，或者按可见文本或内容说明属性来定位子元素。
• UiObject：表示设备上可见的界面元素。
• UiScrollable：支持搜索可滚动界面容器中的项目。
• UiSelector：表示对设备上的一个或多个目标界面元素的查询。
• Configurator：可让您设置用于运行 UI Automator 测试的关键参数。

UiDevice

来源： https://developer.android.google.cn/reference/androidx/test/uiautomator/UiDevice

Public methods
void	clearLastTraversedText() Clears the text from the last UI traversal event.
boolean	click(int x, int y) Perform a click at arbitrary coordinates specified by the user
boolean	drag(int startX, int startY, int endX, int endY, int steps) Performs a swipe from one coordinate to another coordinate.
void	dumpWindowHierarchy(File dest) Dump the current window hierarchy to a File.
void	dumpWindowHierarchy(OutputStream out) Dump the current window hierarchy to an OutputStream.
void	dumpWindowHierarchy(String fileName) This method is deprecated. Use dumpWindowHierarchy(File) or dumpWindowHierarchy(OutputStream) instead.
UiObject	findObject(UiSelector selector) Returns a UiObject which represents a view that matches the specified selector criteria.
UiObject2	findObject(BySelector selector) Returns the first object to match the selector criteria, or null if no matching objects are found.
List<UiObject2>	findObjects(BySelector selector) Returns all objects that match the selector criteria.
void	freezeRotation() Disables the sensors and freezes the device rotation at its current rotation state.
String	getCurrentActivityName() This method is deprecated. The results returned should be considered unreliable
String	getCurrentPackageName() Retrieves the name of the last package to report accessibility events.

Uiselector

来源： https://developer.android.google.cn/reference/androidx/test/uiautomator/UiSelector.html

UiSelector	packageName(String name) Set the search criteria to match the package name of the application that contains the widget.
UiSelector	packageNameMatches(String regex) Set the search criteria to match the package name of the application that contains the widget.
UiSelector	resourceId(String id) Set the search criteria to match the given resource ID.
UiSelector	resourceIdMatches(String regex) Set the search criteria to match the resource ID of the widget, using a regular expression.
UiSelector	scrollable(boolean val) Set the search criteria to match widgets that are scrollable.
UiSelector	selected(boolean val) Set the search criteria to match widgets that are currently selected.
UiSelector	text(String text) Set the search criteria to match the visible text displayed in a widget (for example, the text label to launch an app).
UiSelector	textContains(String text) Set the search criteria to match the visible text in a widget where the visible text must contain the string in your input argument.
UiSelector	textMatches(String regex) Set the search criteria to match the visible text displayed in a layout element, using a regular expression.
UiSelector	textStartsWith(String text) Set the search criteria to match visible text in a widget that is prefixed by the text parameter.
String	toString()

UiObject

来源： https://developer.android.google.cn/reference/androidx/test/uiautomator/UiObject.html

Public methods
void	clearTextField() Clears the existing text contents in an editable field.
boolean	click() Performs a click at the center of the visible bounds of the UI element represented by this UiObject.
boolean	clickAndWaitForNewWindow() Waits for window transitions that would typically take longer than the usual default timeouts.
boolean	clickAndWaitForNewWindow(long timeout) Performs a click at the center of the visible bounds of the UI element represented by this UiObject and waits for window transitions.
boolean	clickBottomRight() Clicks the bottom and right corner of the UI element
boolean	clickTopLeft() Clicks the top and left corner of the UI element
boolean	dragTo(UiObject destObj, int steps) Drags this object to a destination UiObject.
boolean	dragTo(int destX, int destY, int steps) Drags this object to arbitrary coordinates.
boolean	exists() Check if view exists.
Rect	getBounds() Returns the view's bounds property.
UiObject	getChild(UiSelector selector) Creates a new UiObject for a child view that is under the present UiObject.
int	getChildCount() Counts the child views immediately under the present UiObject.
String	getClassName() Retrieves the className property of the UI element.
String	getContentDescription() Reads the content_desc property of the UI element
UiObject	getFromParent(UiSelector selector) Creates a new UiObject for a sibling view or a child of the sibling view, relative to the present UiObject.
String	getPackageName() Reads the view's package property
final UiSelector	getSelector() Debugging helper.
String	getText() Reads the text property of the UI element

 UiCollection

boolean	clickTopLeft() Clicks the top and left corner of the UI element
boolean	dragTo(UiObject destObj, int steps) Drags this object to a destination UiObject.
boolean	dragTo(int destX, int destY, int steps) Drags this object to arbitrary coordinates.
boolean	exists() Check if view exists.
Rect	getBounds() Returns the view's bounds property.
UiObject	getChild(UiSelector selector) Creates a new UiObject for a child view that is under the present UiObject.
int	getChildCount() Counts the child views immediately under the present UiObject.
String	getClassName() Retrieves the className property of the UI element.
String	getContentDescription() Reads the content_desc property of the UI element
UiObject	getFromParent(UiSelector selector) Creates a new UiObject for a sibling view or a child of the sibling view, relative to the present UiObject.
String	getPackageName() Reads the view's package property
final UiSelector	getSelector() Debugging helper.
String	getText() Reads the text property of the UI element

UiScrollable

来源： https://developer.android.google.cn/reference/androidx/test/uiautomator/UiScrollable.html

boolean	scrollBackward() Performs a backward scroll with the default number of scroll steps (55).
boolean	scrollDescriptionIntoView(String text) Performs a forward scroll action on the scrollable layout element until the content-description is found, or until swipe attempts have been exhausted.
boolean	scrollForward(int steps) Performs a forward scroll.
boolean	scrollForward() Performs a forward scroll with the default number of scroll steps (55).
boolean	scrollIntoView(UiObject obj) Perform a forward scroll action to move through the scrollable layout element until a visible item that matches the UiObject is found.
boolean	scrollIntoView(UiSelector selector) Perform a scroll forward action to move through the scrollable layout element until a visible item that matches the selector is found.
boolean	scrollTextIntoView(String text) Performs a forward scroll action on the scrollable layout element until the text you provided is visible, or until swipe attempts have been exhausted.
boolean	scrollToBeginning(int maxSwipes) Scrolls to the beginning of a scrollable layout element.
boolean	scrollToBeginning(int maxSwipes, int steps) Scrolls to the beginning of a scrollable layout element.
boolean	scrollToEnd(int maxSwipes) Scrolls to the end of a scrollable layout element.
boolean	scrollToEnd(int maxSwipes, int steps) Scrolls to the end of a scrollable layout element.
UiScrollable	setAsHorizontalList() Set the direction of swipes to be horizontal when performing scroll actions.
UiScrollable	setAsVerticalList() Set the direction of swipes to be vertical when performing scroll actions.

使用