很多朋友接触的Linux版本为6.x,但现在很多云服务器上的版本为7.x,两者之间命令上有很多变动，常见之处总结如下：
(1)桌面系统
[CentOS6] GNOME 2.x
[CentOS7] GNOME 3.x（GNOME Shell）
(2)文件系统
[CentOS6] ext4
[CentOS7] xfs
(3)内核版本
[CentOS6] 2.6.x-x
[CentOS7] 3.10.x-x
(4)启动加载器
[CentOS6] GRUB Legacy (+efibootmgr)
[CentOS7] GRUB2
(5)防火墙
[CentOS6] iptables
[CentOS7] firewalld
(6)默认数据库
[CentOS6] MySQL
[CentOS7] MariaDB
(7)文件结构
[CentOS6] /bin, /sbin, /lib, and /lib64在/下
[CentOS7] /bin, /sbin, /lib, and /lib64移到/usr下
(8)主机名
[CentOS6] /etc/sysconfig/network
[CentOS7] /etc/hostname
(9)时间同步
[CentOS6]
ntp
ntpq -p
[CentOS7]
chrony
chronyc sources
(10)修改时间
[CentOS6]
vim /etc/sysconfig/clock
ZONE=“Asia/Tokyo”
UTC=falessudo ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Tokyo /etc/localtime
[CentOS7]
timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Tokyo
timedatectl status
(11)修改地区[CentOS6]
vim /etc/sysconfig/i18n
LANG=“ja_JP.utf8”/etc/sysconfig/i18n
locale
[CentOS7]
localectl set-locale LANG=ja_JP.utf8
localectl status
(12)服务相关
启动停止
[CentOS6]
service service_name start
service service_name stop
service sshd restart/status/reload
[CentOS7]
systemctl start service_name
systemctl stop service_name
systemctl restart/status/reload sshd
自启动
[CentOS6]
chkconfig service_name on/off
[CentOS7]
systemctl enable service_name
systemctl disable service_name
服务一览
[CentOS6]
chkconfig --list
[CentOS7]
systemctl list-unit-files
systemctl --type service
强制停止
[CentOS6]kill -9
[CentOS7]
systemctl kill --signal=9 sshd
(13)网络
网络信息
[CentOS6]
netstat
netstat -I
netstat -n
[CentOS7]
ip n
ip -s l
ss
IP地址MAC地址
[CentOS6]ifconfig -a
[CentOS7]
ip address show
路由
[CentOS6]
route -n
route -A inet6 -n
[CentOS7]
ip route show
ip -6 route show
(14)重启关闭
关闭
[CentOS6]
shutdown -h now
[CentOS7]
poweroff
systemctl poweroff
重启[CentOS6]
reboot
shutdown -r now
[CentOS7]
reboot
systemctl reboot
单用户模式
[CentOS6]
init S
[CentOS7]
systemctl rescue
启动模式
[CentOS6]
[GUICUI]
vim /etc/inittab
id:3:initdefault:
[CUIGUI]
startx
[CentOS7]
[GUICUI]
systemctl isolate multi-user.target
[CUIGUI]
systemctl isolate graphical.target默认
systemctl set-default graphical.target
systemctl set-default multi-user.target当前
systemctl get-default
