Android事件分发源码分析

Android事件分发源码分析

1.1 Activity->dispatchTouchEvent()

public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
    if (ev.getAction() == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {
        onUserInteraction();
    }
    if (getWindow().superDispatchTouchEvent(ev)) {
        return true;
    }
    return onTouchEvent(ev);
}
  • 事件产生后交给Activity所附属的Window进行分发。
  • 如果事件被消耗(返回true),则结束;如果事件未被消耗,Activity的onTouchEvent方法被调用。

1.2 Window->superDispatchKeyEvent()

public abstract boolean superDispatchKeyEvent(KeyEvent event);
  • Window是抽象类,superDispatchKeyEvent方法也是抽象方法。
  • Window的实现是PhoneWindow
public boolean superDispatchKeyEvent(KeyEvent event){
    return mDecor.superDispatchKeyEvent(event);
}
  • PhoneWindow将事件传递给了DecorView

  • 可以通过以下方法获取Activity设置的View:

    ((ViewGroup)getWindow().getDecorView().findViewById(android.R.id.content)).getChildAt(0)
    

    可以看出,mDecor就是getWindow().getDecorView()返回的View,通过setContentView设置的View是它的一个子View。DecorView继承自FrameLayout且是父View,即事件最终会传递给View

  • 通过setContentView设置的View是顶级View,也叫根View,一般是ViewGroup。

1.3 View对点击事件的分发过程

1.3.1 点击事件的分发过程概述

  • 点击事件来到顶级View(一般是ViewGroup)后,会调用ViewGroup的dispatchTouchEvent方法。
  • 如果ViewGroup拦截事件(onInterceptTouchEvent返回true),则事件由ViewGroup处理,这时如果ViewGroup设置了mOnTouchListener,则onTouch会被调用,否则onTouchEvent会被调用。注意:onTouch会屏蔽掉onTouchEvent。如果onTouchEvent中设置了mOnClickListener,则onClick会被调用。
  • 如果ViewGroup不拦截事件(onInterceptTouchEvent返回false),事件会传递给它所在的点击事件链上的子View,这时子View的dispatchTouchEvent方法被调用。这时,事件已经从顶级View传递给了下一层View,接下来的过程与该过程相似,循环直到完成整个事件的分发。

1.3.2 ViewGroup点击事件分发处理过程分析

// Check for interception.
final boolean intercepted;
if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN || mFirstTouchTarget != null) {
    final boolean disallowIntercept = (mGroupFlags & FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT) != 0;
    if (!disallowIntercept) {
        intercepted = onInterceptTouchEvent(ev);
        ev.setAction(action); // restore action in case it was changed
    } else {
        intercepted = false;
    }
} else {
    // There are no touch targets and this action is not an initial down
    // so this view group continues to intercept touches.
    intercepted = true;
}
  • ViewGroup会在两种情况下判断是否要拦截当前事件事件类型为ACTION_DOWNmFirstTouchTarget 不为空
  • 当事件由ViewGroup的子元素处理成功时,mFirstTouchTarget会被赋值并指向子元素。即mFirstTouchTarget 不为空时:ViewGroup不拦截事件并将事件交由子元素处理
  • 一旦事件由ViewGroup拦截,mFirstTouchTarget为空,事件ACTION_MOVE和ACTION_UP事件到达时,ViewGroup的onInterceptTouchEvent不会被调用。即同一事件序列中的其它事件默认交由该ViewGroup处理。即当ViewGroup决定拦截事件后,那么后续的点击事件将会默认交给它处理,不再调用它的onInterceptTouchEvent方法。
  • 这里有一种特殊情况FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT标记位。该标记位一般用于子View中,通过requestDisallowInterceptTouchEvent方法设置。该标记位一旦设置,ViewGroup将无法拦截除ACTION_DOWN以外的点击事件。因为ViewGroup在分发事件时,如果是ACTION_DOWN就会重置FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT标记位(如下述源码片段所示),导致子View中设置的标记位无效。因此,面对ACTION_DOWN事件,ViewGroup总会调用自己的onInterceptTouchEvent方法来询问时候要拦截事件。
// Handle an initial down.
if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {
    // Throw away all previous state when starting a new touch gesture.
    // The framework may have dropped the up or cancel event for the previous gesture
    // due to an app switch, ANR, or some other state change.
    cancelAndClearTouchTargets(ev);
    resetTouchState();
}
  • 小结

    onInterceptTouchEvent不是每次事件都会被调用,如果想提前处理所有的点击事件,应该选择despatchTouchEvent方法(在事件可以传递到当前ViewGroup的前提下)。

  • 当ViewGroup不拦截事件时,事件会下发给它的子View进行处理。

final View[] children = mChildren;
for (int i = childrenCount - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
    final int childIndex = getAndVerifyPreorderedIndex(
        childrenCount, i, customOrder);
    final View child = getAndVerifyPreorderedView(
        preorderedList, children, childIndex);

    // If there is a view that has accessibility focus we want it
    // to get the event first and if not handled we will perform a
    // normal dispatch. We may do a double iteration but this is
    // safer given the timeframe.
    if (childWithAccessibilityFocus != null) {
        if (childWithAccessibilityFocus != child) {
            continue;
        }
        childWithAccessibilityFocus = null;
        i = childrenCount - 1;
    }
    if (!canViewReceivePointerEvents(child)
          || !isTransformedTouchPointInView(x, y, child, null)) {
        ev.setTargetAccessibilityFocus(false);
        continue;
    }
    newTouchTarget = getTouchTarget(child);
    if (newTouchTarget != null) {
        // Child is already receiving touch within its bounds.
        // Give it the new pointer in addition to the ones it is handling.
        newTouchTarget.pointerIdBits |= idBitsToAssign;
        break;
    }
    resetCancelNextUpFlag(child);
    if (dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, false, child, idBitsToAssign)) {
        // Child wants to receive touch within its bounds.
        mLastTouchDownTime = ev.getDownTime();
        if (preorderedList != null) {
            // childIndex points into presorted list, find original index
            for (int j = 0; j < childrenCount; j++) {
                if (children[childIndex] == mChildren[j]) {
                    mLastTouchDownIndex = j;
                    break;
                }
            }
        } else {
            mLastTouchDownIndex = childIndex;
        }
        mLastTouchDownX = ev.getX();
        mLastTouchDownY = ev.getY();
        newTouchTarget = addTouchTarget(child, idBitsToAssign);
        alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget = true;
        break;
    }
  • 首先遍历ViewGroup的所有子元素,然后判断子元素是否能够接收到点击事件。子元素是否能够接收到点击事件由两点衡量:1.子元素是否在播放动画2.点击事件的坐标是否落在子元素的区域内。如果某个子元素满足这两个条件,事件就会交给它处理,dispatchTransformedTouchEvent实际上调用的就是子元素的dispatchTouchEvent方法。

  • 在dispatchTransformedTouchEvent方法存在以下内容:

    if (child == null) {
        handled = super.dispatchTouchEvent(event);
    } else {
        handled = child.dispatchTouchEvent(event);
    }
    

    如果传给dispatchTransformedTouchEvent的child不为bull,会直接调用子元素的dispatchTouchEvent方法,完成一轮事件分发。

  • 如果子元素的dispatchTouchEvent返回true,那么mFirstTouchTarget会被赋值(在addTouchTarget方法里对mFirstTouchTarget赋值),同时跳出for循环。

    newTouchTarget = addTouchTarget(child, idBitsToAssign);
    alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget = true;
    break;
    

    如果子元素dispatchTouchEvent返回false,dispatchTouchEvent会继续分发事件给下一个存在的子元素。

    private TouchTarget addTouchTarget(@NonNull View child, int pointerIdBits) {
        final TouchTarget target = TouchTarget.obtain(child, pointerIdBits);
        target.next = mFirstTouchTarget;
        mFirstTouchTarget = target;
        return target;
    }
    

    addTouchTarget内部是一种单链表策略结构。mFirstTouchTarget的赋值与否,直接关系到ViewGroup的拦截策略(上面提及过这点)。

  • 如果遍历所有子元素后,事件仍然未被消耗处理,包含两种情况:1.ViewGroup没有子元素;2.子元素处理了点击事件,但是在dispatchTouchEvent中返回了false,一般是因为子元素在onTouchEvent中返回了false。在这两种情况下,ViewGroup会自己处理点击事件。(如下述源码片段所示)

     // Dispatch to touch targets.
    if (mFirstTouchTarget == null) {
        // No touch targets so treat this as an ordinary view
        handled = dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, canceled, null,TouchTarget.ALL_POINTER_IDS);
    

    第三个参数为null,则会调用super.dispatchTouchEvent(event)。

1.3.3 View点击事件分发处理过程分析

  • 注意:这里的View不包括ViewGroup。
public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
    ...
        
    boolean result = false;

    ...
        
    if (onFilterTouchEventForSecurity(event)) {
        if ((mViewFlags & ENABLED_MASK) == ENABLED && handleScrollBarDragging(event)) {
            result = true;
        }
        //noinspection SimplifiableIfStatement
        ListenerInfo li = mListenerInfo;
        if (li != null && li.mOnTouchListener != null
                && (mViewFlags & ENABLED_MASK) == ENABLED
                && li.mOnTouchListener.onTouch(this, event)) {
            result = true;
        }

        if (!result && onTouchEvent(event)) {
            result = true;
        }
    }
    ...
    return result;
}
  • View是一个单独的元素,没有子元素就无需向下传递事件了,只能自己处理事件。
  • 首先会判断有没有设置mOnTouchListener,如果mOnTouchListener中的onTouch方法返回true,那么onTouchEvent就不会被调用。好处是:方便在外界处理点击事件。
//onTouchEvent实现的片段:
final boolean clickable = ((viewFlags & CLICKABLE) == CLICKABLE
                || (viewFlags & LONG_CLICKABLE) == LONG_CLICKABLE)
                || (viewFlags & CONTEXT_CLICKABLE) == CONTEXT_CLICKABLE;

if ((viewFlags & ENABLED_MASK) == DISABLED) {
    if (action == MotionEvent.ACTION_UP && (mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_PRESSED) != 0) {
        setPressed(false);
    }
    mPrivateFlags3 &= ~PFLAG3_FINGER_DOWN;
    // A disabled view that is clickable still consumes the touch
    // events, it just doesn't respond to them.
    return clickable;
}
  • 从上述onTouchEvent实现代码片段中可见,当View处于不可用状态下点击事件仍然会消耗

  • 如果View设置了代理,那么还会执行TouchDelegate和onTouchEvent方法,这个onTouchEvent工作机制和OnTouchListener类似。(如下述源码片段所示)

    if (mTouchDelegate != null) {
        if (mTouchDelegate.onTouchEvent(event)) {
            return true;
        }
    }
    
//onTouchEvent中对点击事件的具体处理的片段代码
final boolean clickable = ((viewFlags & CLICKABLE) == CLICKABLE
                || (viewFlags & LONG_CLICKABLE) == LONG_CLICKABLE)
                || (viewFlags & CONTEXT_CLICKABLE) == CONTEXT_CLICKABLE;

if (clickable || (viewFlags & TOOLTIP) == TOOLTIP) {
    switch (action) {
        case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:
            mPrivateFlags3 &= ~PFLAG3_FINGER_DOWN;
            if ((viewFlags & TOOLTIP) == TOOLTIP) {
                handleTooltipUp();
            }
            if (!clickable) {
                removeTapCallback();
                removeLongPressCallback();
                mInContextButtonPress = false;
                mHasPerformedLongPress = false;
                mIgnoreNextUpEvent = false;
                break;
            }
            ...
    }
    return true;
}
  • 上述代码为onTouchEvent中对点击事件的具体处理的片段代码。可见只要View的CLICKABLE和LONG_CLICKABLE有一个为true,那么clickable就为true,那么onTouchEvent就会返回true。

  • 在ACTION_UP事件发生时,会触发PerformClick方法:

    if (mPerformClick == null) {
        mPerformClick = new PerformClick();
    }
    

    如果View设置了OnClickListener,那么PerformClick方法会调用它的onClick方法。(如下所示)

    public boolean performClick() {
        // We still need to call this method to handle the cases where performClick() was called
        // externally, instead of through performClickInternal()
        notifyAutofillManagerOnClick();
    
        final boolean result;
        final ListenerInfo li = mListenerInfo;
        if (li != null && li.mOnClickListener != null) {
            playSoundEffect(SoundEffectConstants.CLICK);
            li.mOnClickListener.onClick(this);
            result = true;
        } else {
            result = false;
        }
    
        sendAccessibilityEvent(AccessibilityEvent.TYPE_VIEW_CLICKED);
    
        notifyEnterOrExitForAutoFillIfNeeded(true);
    
        return result;
    }
    
  • View的LONG_CLICKABLE属性默认为false,而CLICKABLE属性是否为false和具体的View有关。通过setClickable和setLongClickable可以改变View的CLICKABLE和LONG_CLICKABLE属性。并且,setOnClickListener会自动将View的CLICKABLE属性设为true,setOnLongClickListener会自动将View的LONG_CLICKABLE属性设为true。(如下所示)

    public void setOnClickListener(@Nullable OnClickListener l) {
        if (!isClickable()) {
            setClickable(true);
        }
        getListenerInfo().mOnClickListener = l;
    }
    
    
    public void setOnLongClickListener(@Nullable OnLongClickListener l) {
        if (!isLongClickable()) {
            setLongClickable(true);
        }
        getListenerInfo().mOnLongClickListener = l;
    }
    

1.4 参考资料

  • Android开发艺术探索
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