图像处理 中值滤波

1、选择一张椒盐噪声比较明显的图片。椒盐噪声，椒盐噪声又称脉冲噪声，它随机改变一些像素值，是由图像传感器，传输信道，解码处理等产生的黑白相间的亮暗点噪声。椒盐噪声往往由图像切割引起。

2、代码。生成模版半径分别是3、5和7的图片。

package com.zxj.reptile.test.mnist;

import com.zxj.reptile.utils.image.ImageService;
import com.zxj.reptile.utils.image.ImageUtils;

public class ImgTest {

    private static final String File_Path = "G:\\xiaojie-java-test\\img\\";

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //中值滤波
        String gaussSourcePath = File_Path + "滤波\\椒盐滤波\\椒盐噪声.jpg";
        String averageTargetPath = File_Path + "滤波\\椒盐滤波\\椒盐滤波_";
        ImageService.middleFilter(gaussSourcePath, averageTargetPath, ImageUtils.Gray_Type_Default, 3);//中值过滤
        ImageService.middleFilter(gaussSourcePath, averageTargetPath, ImageUtils.Gray_Type_Default, 5);//中值过滤
        ImageService.middleFilter(gaussSourcePath, averageTargetPath, ImageUtils.Gray_Type_Default, 7);//中值过滤
    }
}

package com.zxj.reptile.utils.image;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.File;

public class ImageService {
    /**
     * 中值过滤
     *
     * @param sourcePath   原图像
     * @param targetPath   目标图像
     * @param grayType     灰度化方式
     * @param filterLength 过滤的长度（阈值）
     */
    public static void middleFilter(String sourcePath, String targetPath, int grayType, int filterLength) {
        try {
            //获取原图像对象，并获取原图像的二维数组
            BufferedImage image = ImageIO.read(new File(sourcePath));
            int[][] imgArrays = ImageUtils.getTwoDimension(image);
            //生成新图像的二维数组
            imgArrays = ImageUtils.getGrayImg(imgArrays, grayType);//灰度化
            int[][] newImgArrays = ImageUtils.getMiddleFilter(imgArrays, filterLength);//中值过滤
            //生成新图片对象，填充像素
            BufferedImage newImage = new BufferedImage(image.getWidth(), image.getHeight(), BufferedImage.TYPE_BYTE_GRAY);
            ImageUtils.setTwoDimension(newImage, newImgArrays, ImageUtils.Channel_Type_1);
            //生成图片文件
            ImageIO.write(newImage, "JPEG", new File(targetPath + filterLength + ".jpg"));
            Thread.sleep(1);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

package com.zxj.reptile.utils.image;

import com.zxj.reptile.utils.algorithm.SortUtils;

import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;

public class ImageUtils {
    /**
     * 中值滤波
     *
     * @param imgArrays    图像二维数组
     * @param filterLength 过滤的长度（阈值）
     */
    public static int[][] getMiddleFilter(int[][] imgArrays, int filterLength) {
        final int imgHeight = imgArrays.length;
        final int imgWidth = imgArrays[0].length;
        int[][] newImgArrays = new int[imgHeight][imgWidth];
        //模版半径
        final int filterRadius = (filterLength - 1) / 2;
        final int filterSize = filterLength * filterLength;
        //获取数据
        for (int h = 0; h < imgHeight; h++) {//图片第几行
            for (int w = 0; w < imgWidth; w++) {//图片第几列
                int count = 0;
                int[] templateArray = new int[filterSize];
                for (int templateH = -filterRadius; templateH <= filterRadius; templateH++) {//模版第几行
                    int rowIndex = h + templateH;
                    if (rowIndex < 0 || rowIndex > imgHeight - 1) {
                        continue;
                    }
                    for (int templateW = -filterRadius; templateW <= filterRadius; templateW++) {//模版第几列
                        int columnIndex = w + templateW;
                        if (columnIndex < 0 || columnIndex > imgWidth - 1) {
                            continue;
                        }
                        templateArray[count++] = imgArrays[rowIndex][columnIndex];
                    }
                }
                //
                int[] newTemplateArray;
                if (count != templateArray.length) {
                    newTemplateArray = new int[count];
                    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
                        newTemplateArray[i] = templateArray[i];
                    }
                    SortUtils.countSort(newTemplateArray);//计数排序
                    newImgArrays[h][w] = newTemplateArray[count / 2];
                } else {
                    SortUtils.countSort(templateArray);//计数排序
                    newImgArrays[h][w] = templateArray[filterRadius];
                }
            }
        }
        return newImgArrays;
    }

    //灰度处理的方法
    public static final byte Gray_Type_Default = 0;//默认加权法
    public static final byte Gray_Type_Min = 1;//最大值法
    public static final byte Gray_Type_Max = 2;//最小值法
    public static final byte Gray_Type_Average = 3;//平均值法
    public static final byte Gray_Type_Weight = 4;//加权法
    public static final byte Gray_Type_Red = 5;//红色值法
    public static final byte Gray_Type_Green = 6;//绿色值法
    public static final byte Gray_Type_Blue = 7;//蓝色值法

    //生成的图片是几通道的
    public static final byte Channel_Type_Default = 0;//默认三通道
    public static final byte Channel_Type_1 = 1;//单通道
    public static final byte Channel_Type_3 = 3;//三通道

    /**
     * 灰度化处理
     *
     * @param imgArrays 图像二维数组
     * @param grayType  灰度化方法
     */
    public static int[][] getGrayImg(int[][] imgArrays, int grayType) throws Exception {
        final int imgHeight = imgArrays.length;
        final int imgWidth = imgArrays[0].length;
        int[][] newImgArrays = new int[imgHeight][imgWidth];
        for (int h = 0; h < imgHeight; h++) {
            for (int w = 0; w < imgWidth; w++) {
                final int[] grb = getRgb(imgArrays[h][w]);
                newImgArrays[h][w] = getGray(grb, grayType);
            }
        }
        return newImgArrays;
    }

    /**
     * 通过像素值，返回r、g、b颜色通道的值
     *
     * @param pixel 像素值
     */
    public static int[] getRgb(int pixel) {
        int[] rgb = new int[3];
        rgb[0] = (pixel >> 16) & 0xff;
        rgb[1] = (pixel >> 8) & 0xff;
        rgb[2] = pixel & 0xff;
        return rgb;
    }

    /**
     * 根据不同的灰度化方法，返回灰度值
     *
     * @param rgb      r、g、b颜色通道的值
     * @param grayType 不同灰度处理的方法
     */
    public static int getGray(int[] rgb, int grayType) throws Exception {
        if (grayType == Gray_Type_Average) {
            return (rgb[0] + rgb[1] + rgb[2]) / 3;   //rgb之和除以3
        } else if (grayType == Gray_Type_Weight || grayType == Gray_Type_Default) {
            return (int) (0.3 * rgb[0] + 0.59 * rgb[1] + 0.11 * rgb[2]);
        } else if (grayType == Gray_Type_Red) {
            return rgb[0];//取红色值
        } else if (grayType == Gray_Type_Green) {
            return rgb[1];//取绿色值
        } else if (grayType == Gray_Type_Blue) {
            return rgb[2];//取蓝色值
        }
        //比较三个数的大小
        int gray = rgb[0];
        for (int i = 1; i < rgb.length; i++) {
            if (grayType == Gray_Type_Min) {
                if (gray > rgb[i]) {
                    gray = rgb[i];//取最小值
                }
            } else if (grayType == Gray_Type_Max) {
                if (gray < rgb[i]) {
                    gray = rgb[i];//取最大值
                }
            } else {
                throw new Exception("grayType出错");
            }
        }
        return gray;
    }

    /**
     * 获取二维像素
     *
     * @param image BufferedImage图像对象
     */
    public static int[][] getTwoDimension(BufferedImage image) {
        final int imgWidth = image.getWidth();
        final int imgHeight = image.getHeight();
        int[][] imgArrays = new int[imgHeight][imgWidth];
        for (int i = 0; i < imgHeight; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < imgWidth; j++) {
                imgArrays[i][j] = image.getRGB(j, i);
            }
        }
        return imgArrays;
    }

    /**
     * 将二维像素填充到图像中
     *
     * @param image       BufferedImage图像对象
     * @param imgArrays   二维像素
     * @param channelType 单通道还是三通道
     */
    public static void setTwoDimension(BufferedImage image, int[][] imgArrays, int channelType) throws Exception {
        final int imgWidth = image.getWidth();
        final int imgHeight = image.getHeight();
        for (int i = 0; i < imgHeight; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < imgWidth; j++) {
                if (channelType == Channel_Type_1) {
                    image.setRGB(j, i, (byte) imgArrays[i][j]);
                } else if (channelType == Channel_Type_3 || channelType == Channel_Type_Default) {
                    image.setRGB(j, i, imgArrays[i][j]);
                } else {
                    throw new Exception("channelType错误");
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

3、结果。半径越长，图像越模糊，效果越不理想。

4、结论。

        中值滤波采用非线性的方法，它在平滑脉冲噪声方面非常有效,同时它可以保护图像尖锐的边缘，选择适当的点来替代污染点的值，所以处理效果好，对椒盐噪声表现较好，对高斯噪声表现较差。半径越长，图像越模糊，效果越不理想。