Content-Type类型:
常见的媒体格式类型如下:
- text/html : HTML格式
- text/plain :纯文本格式
- text/xml : XML格式
- image/gif :gif图片格式
- image/jpeg :jpg图片格式
- image/png:png图片格式
以application开头的媒体格式类型:
-
application/xhtml+xml :XHTML格式
-
application/xml : XML数据格式
-
application/atom+xml :Atom XML聚合格式
-
application/json : JSON数据格式
-
application/pdf :pdf格式
-
application/msword : Word文档格式
-
application/octet-stream : 二进制流数据(如常见的文件下载)
-
application/x-www-form-urlencoded : 中默认的encType,form表单数据被编码为key/value格式发送到服务器(表单默认的提交数据的格式)
另外一种常见的媒体格式是上传文件之时使用的: -
multipart/form-data : 需要在表单中进行文件上传时,就需要使用该格式
区别:
application/xml 媒体类型:推荐使用。如果 MIME 用户代理或 Web 用户代理不支持这个媒体类型,会转为 application/octet-stream,当做二进制流来处理。application/xml 实体默认用 UTF-8 字符集。Content-type: application/xml; charset=“utf-8” 或 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 都可以生效。
text/xml 媒体类型:如果 MIME 用户代理或 Web 用户代理不支持这个媒体类型,会将其视为 text/plain,当做纯文本处理。text/xml 媒体类型限制了 XML 实体中可用的编码类型(例如此时支持 UTF-8 但不支持 UTF-16,因为使用 UTF-16 编码的文本在处理 CR,LF 和 NUL 会导致异常转换)。text/xml 实体在 XML 头指定编码格式无效,必须在 HTTP 头部的 Content-Type: 中指定才会生效(例如 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 无法设置字符集,Content-Type: text/xml; charset=“utf-8” 则可以)。没有设置字符集时默认使用“us-ascii”字符集。
package com.xiaobu.base.utils;
import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* Content-type 常用的几种类型
* application/x-www-form-urlencoded :form表单键值对<K,V>类型 默认类型
*
* @author xiaobu
* @version JDK1.8.0_171
* @date on 2018/12/10 10:40
* @description V1.0 HttpClient工具类
*/
public class HttpClientUtils {
/**
* 获取httppost对象 设置连接超时属性
* setConnectTimeout:设置连接超时时间,单位毫秒。
* setConnectionRequestTimeout:设置从connect Manager获取Connection 超时时间,单位毫秒。这个属性是新加的属性,因为目前版本是可以共享连接池的。
* setSocketTimeout:请求获取数据的超时时间,单位毫秒。 如果访问一个接口,多少时间内无法返回数据,就直接放弃此次调用。
*/
public static HttpPost getHttpPost(String url) {
// 创建post方式请求对象
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()
.setConnectTimeout(5000).setConnectionRequestTimeout(1000)
.setSocketTimeout(5000).build();
httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig);
return httpPost;
}
/**
* @param url 请求地址, map 数据类型, encoding 编码]
* @return java.lang.String
* @author xiaobu
* @date 2018/12/10 10:46
* @descprition pots请求传输 形式数据形式访问
* @version 1.0
*/
public static String sendPostDataByMap(String url, Map<String, String> map, String encoding) {
// 创建httpclient对象
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
// 创建post方式请求对象
HttpPost httpPost = getHttpPost(url);
// 装填参数
List<NameValuePair> nameValuePairs = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
if (map != null) {
for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : map.entrySet()) {
nameValuePairs.add(new BasicNameValuePair(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));
}
}
// 设置参数到请求对象中
try {
httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(nameValuePairs, encoding));
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
// 设置header信息
// 指定报文头【Content-type】、【User-Agent】
httpPost.setHeader("Content-type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
httpPost.setHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.0; Windows NT; DigExt)");
CloseableHttpResponse response = getPostResponse(httpClient, httpPost);
return getResult(response, encoding);
}
/**
* @param url 请求笛子, json 请求数据类型, encoding编码
* @return java.lang.String
* @author xiaobu
* @date 2018/12/10 10:45
* @descprition post请求传输json
* @version 1.0
* JSON.toJSONString(map) 将map对象转化为json字符串
*/
public static String sendPostDataByJson(String url, String json, String encoding) {
// 创建httpclient对象
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
// 创建post方式请求对象
HttpPost httpPost = getHttpPost(url);
// 设置参数到请求对象中
StringEntity stringEntity = new StringEntity(json, ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON);
stringEntity.setContentEncoding(encoding);
httpPost.setEntity(stringEntity);
CloseableHttpResponse response = getPostResponse(httpClient, httpPost);
return getResult(response, encoding);
}
public static String sendPostDataByXml(String url, String xml, String encoding) {
// 创建httpclient对象
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
// 创建post方式请求对象
HttpPost httpPost = getHttpPost(url);
httpPost.addHeader("Content-Type", "text/xml;charset=UTF-8");
// 设置参数到请求对象中 text/xml和application/xml的区别
StringEntity stringEntity = new StringEntity(xml, encoding);
stringEntity.setContentEncoding(encoding);
httpPost.setEntity(stringEntity);
CloseableHttpResponse response = getPostResponse(httpClient, httpPost);
return getResult(response, encoding);
}
/**
* @param url 访问地址, encoding 编码]
* @return java.lang.String
* @author xiaobu
* @date 2018/12/10 11:17
* @descprition get方式请求
* setConnectTimeout:设置连接超时时间,单位毫秒。
* setConnectionRequestTimeout:设置从connect Manager获取Connection 超时时间,单位毫秒。这个属性是新加的属性,因为目前版本是可以共享连接池的。
* setSocketTimeout:请求获取数据的超时时间,单位毫秒。 如果访问一个接口,多少时间内无法返回数据,就直接放弃此次调用。
* @version 1.0
*/
public static String sendGetData(String url, String encoding) {
// 创建httpclient对象
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
// 创建get方式请求对象
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()
.setConnectTimeout(5000).setConnectionRequestTimeout(1000)
.setSocketTimeout(5000).build();
httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig);
// Content-type设置为application/x-www-form-urlencoded 或者不设置也是可以的(默认为application/x-www-form-urlencoded)
httpGet.addHeader("Content-type", "application/json");
// 通过请求对象获取响应对象
CloseableHttpResponse response = getGetResponse(httpClient, httpGet);
return getResult(response, encoding);
}
/**
* @param httpClient , httpPost
* @return org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse
* @author xiaobu
* @date 2018/12/10 11:18
* @descprition 获取response对象
* @version 1.0
*/
public static CloseableHttpResponse getPostResponse(CloseableHttpClient httpClient, HttpPost httpPost) {
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
try {
response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return response;
}
/**
* @param httpClient , httpGET
* @return org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse
* @author xiaobu
* @date 2018/12/10 11:18
* @descprition 获取response对象
* @version 1.0
*/
public static CloseableHttpResponse getGetResponse(CloseableHttpClient httpClient, HttpGet httpGet) {
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
try {
response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return response;
}
/**
* @param response, encoding]
* @return java.lang.String
* @author xiaobu
* @date 2018/12/10 11:18
* @descprition 获取结果
* @version 1.0
*/
public static String getResult(CloseableHttpResponse response, String encoding) {
String result = "";
if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
try {
result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), encoding);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
// 释放链接
try {
response.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return result;
}
}
服务端代码:
/**
* 功能描述: Post方式获取数据
* @author xiaobu
* @date 2019/8/23 12:36
* @param data 用于获取application/x-www-form-urlencoded 下的参数名称data的数据 , request 通过流来获取body的数据
* @return java.lang.String
* @version 1.0
*/
@PostMapping("revQrCodeRelationData")
public String revQrCodeRelationData(String data, HttpServletRequest request) {
try {
InputStream inputStream = request.getInputStream();
BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream, StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
String line = null;
StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
//读取并换行
stringBuilder.append(line + "\n");
}
System.out.println("stringBuilder = " + stringBuilder);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
/**
* 功能描述:Get方式
* @author xiaobu
* @date 2019/8/23 12:41
* @param Sign, timeStamp, device, quntity
* @return java.lang.String
* @version 1.0
*/
@GetMapping("sendQRCodeData")
public String sendQrCodeData(String Sign,long timeStamp,String device,int quntity){
Map<String, String> data = new HashMap<>();
data.put("QRCode1", "http://xxxxxxx1");
data.put("QRCode2", "http://xxxxxxx2");
data.put("QRCode3", "http://xxxxxxx3");
data.put("IndexCode1", "001");
data.put("IndexCode2", "002");
data.put("IndexCode3", "003");
data.put("Quantity", quntity+"");
return "success";
}
测试代码:
package com.xiaobu;
import com.xiaobu.base.utils.HttpClientUtils;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* @author xiaobu
* @version JDK1.8.0_171
* @date on 2018/12/27 15:55
* @description V1.0
*/
public class HttpClientDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String postUrl = "http://localhost:8899/api/revQrCodeRelationData";
//通过K-V来获取 SpringMVC实现了封装
Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("data", "我是你大爷");
String result = HttpClientUtils.sendPostDataByMap(postUrl, map, "UTF-8");
System.out.println("result = " + result);
//通过request.getInputStream()来获取
String json = "我是你二大爷";
String jsonResult=HttpClientUtils.sendPostDataByJson(postUrl, json, "UTF-8");
System.out.println("jsonResult = " + jsonResult);
//通过request.getInputStream()来获取
String xml = "<!--?xml version=\"1.0\"?-->\n" +
"<methodcall>\n" +
" <methodname>examples.getStateName</methodname>\n" +
" <params>\n" +
" <param>\n" +
" <value><i4>中国人</i4></value>\n" +
"\n" +
" </params>\n" +
"</methodcall>";
String xmlResult=HttpClientUtils.sendPostDataByXml(postUrl, xml, "UTF-8");
System.out.println("xmlResult = " + xmlResult);
//get方式
String getUrl = "http://localhost:8899/api/sendQRCodeData?Sign=1&timeStamp=1234567890123&device=1&quntity=1";
String getResult = HttpClientUtils.sendGetData(getUrl, "UTF-8");
System.out.println("getResult = " + getResult);
}
}
参考: