1 查看镜像
[root@docker-server3 ~]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE redis 4.0 e263c3a3ce1f 2 days ago 89.2MB httpd 2.4 c2aa7e16edd8 3 days ago 165MB centos 7 5e35e350aded 7 weeks ago 203MB nginx latest 540a289bab6c 2 months ago 126MB goodsmileduck/redis-cli latest 4b2315bf1ad2 4 months ago 48.9MB
镜像的SIZE的是压缩后的大小，实际运行后的大小，要比这个SIZE大
2 镜像命名规范
无论我们对镜像做何种操作，首先它得有个名字。我们在前面使用docker run来运行容器的时候，就需要传递一个镜像名称，容器基于该镜像来运行。
一个完整的镜像名称由两部分组成：
<image name> = <repository>:[tag]
其中repository包含如下内容：
[Docker Registry地址/][项目目录/]<名称>
所以一个完整的镜像命名如下：
[Docker Registry地址/][项目目录/]<名称>:[标签]
当没指明镜像tag时，默认为latest，但latest没有任何特殊含义,在docker hub上很多repository将latest作为最新稳定版本的别名，但这只是一种约定，不是强制规定，一个repository可以有多个tag,而多个tag也可能对应同一个镜像
3 镜像的基本操作
拉取镜像
docker pull 镜像名，默认是从dokcer的仓库中拉取
[root@docker-server3 ~]# docker pull centos
Using default tag: latest latest: Pulling from library/centos 729ec3a6ada3: Pull complete Digest: sha256:f94c1d992c193b3dc09e297ffd54d8a4f1dc946c37cbeceb26d35ce1647f88d9 Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest docker.io/library/centos:latest
也可以指定位置拉取镜像
[root@docker-server3 ~]# docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:1.1.3
- 指定仓库位置 registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com
- 路径：google_containers
- 镜像名：coredns:1.1.3
1.1.3: Pulling from google_containers/coredns 88286f41530e: Pull complete 9e8fb813cddc: Pull complete 3ac8c130be3b: Pull complete Digest: sha256:d929e48a87979279307111fd28a52272d3fac0ed1dc8f2f53a9489be45e5f2eb Status: Downloaded newer image for registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:1.1.3 registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:1.1.3
[root@docker-server3 ~]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE redis 4.0 e263c3a3ce1f 2 days ago 89.2MB httpd 2.4 c2aa7e16edd8 3 days ago 165MB centos 7 5e35e350aded 7 weeks ago 203MB nginx latest 540a289bab6c 2 months ago 126MB centos latest 0f3e07c0138f 3 months ago 220MB goodsmileduck/redis-cli latest 4b2315bf1ad2 4 months ago 48.9MB registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns 1.1.3 b3b94275d97c 19 months ago 45.6MB
4 获取镜像的详细信息
[root@docker-server3 ~]# docker inspect centos:latest
[ { "Id": "sha256:0f3e07c0138fbe05abcb7a9cc7d63d9bd4c980c3f61fea5efa32e7c4217ef4da", "RepoTags": [ "centos:latest" ], "RepoDigests": [ "centos@sha256:f94c1d992c193b3dc09e297ffd54d8a4f1dc946c37cbeceb26d35ce1647f88d9" ], "Parent": "", "Comment": "", "Created": "2019-10-01T23:19:57.105928163Z", "Container": "711572e3c0c1ac06d5c13c4e668ec170b8ad8786b5f0949f884a5f7fd350d856", "ContainerConfig": { "Hostname": "711572e3c0c1", "Domainname": "", "User": "", "AttachStdin": false, "AttachStdout": false, "AttachStderr": false, "Tty": false, "OpenStdin": false, "StdinOnce": false, "Env": [ "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin" ], "Cmd": [ "/bin/sh", "-c", "#(nop) ", "CMD [\"/bin/bash\"]" ], "ArgsEscaped": true, "Image": "sha256:c0bda62fdbad65a3c6a1843d293a3a47d8233115cc6d384e3cb07c53580a2b43", "Volumes": null, "WorkingDir": "", "Entrypoint": null, "OnBuild": null, "Labels": { "org.label-schema.build-date": "20190927", "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2", "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image", "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0", "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS" } }, "DockerVersion": "18.06.1-ce", "Author": "", "Config": { "Hostname": "", "Domainname": "", "User": "", "AttachStdin": false, "AttachStdout": false, "AttachStderr": false, "Tty": false, "OpenStdin": false, "StdinOnce": false, "Env": [ "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin" ], "Cmd": [ "/bin/bash" ], "ArgsEscaped": true, "Image": "sha256:c0bda62fdbad65a3c6a1843d293a3a47d8233115cc6d384e3cb07c53580a2b43", "Volumes": null, "WorkingDir": "", "Entrypoint": null, "OnBuild": null, "Labels": { "org.label-schema.build-date": "20190927", "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2", "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image", "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0", "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS" } }, "Architecture": "amd64", "Os": "linux", "Size": 219583055, "VirtualSize": 219583055, "GraphDriver": { "Data": { "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/166424768dce2d380cf1fe7cd570b2b72feb3b5768859101e5b5d46aa87ccc8d/merged", "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/166424768dce2d380cf1fe7cd570b2b72feb3b5768859101e5b5d46aa87ccc8d/diff", "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/166424768dce2d380cf1fe7cd570b2b72feb3b5768859101e5b5d46aa87ccc8d/work" }, "Name": "overlay2" }, "RootFS": { "Type": "layers", "Layers": [ "sha256:9e607bb861a7d58bece26dd2c02874beedd6a097c1b6eca5255d5eb0d2236983" ] }, "Metadata": { "LastTagTime": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z" } } ]
5 镜像的删除操作
[root@docker-server3 ~]# docker rmi 0f3e07c0138f
Untagged: centos:latest
Untagged: centos@sha256:f94c1d992c193b3dc09e297ffd54d8a4f1dc946c37cbeceb26d35ce1647f88d9
Deleted: sha256:0f3e07c0138fbe05abcb7a9cc7d63d9bd4c980c3f61fea5efa32e7c4217ef4da
Deleted: sha256:9e607bb861a7d58bece26dd2c02874beedd6a097c1b6eca5255d5eb0d2236983
当镜像有容器存在时
[root@docker-server3 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES acd538e93dec redis:4.0 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 3 hours ago Up 3 hours 6379/tcp zen_raman 5e82ea0e65f0 centos:7 "/bin/bash" 3 hours ago Up 3 hours romantic_lewin
[root@docker-server3 ~]# docker rmi 5e35e350aded
Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to delete 5e35e350aded (cannot be forced) - image is being used by running container 5e82ea0e65f0
强制删除
[root@docker-server3 ~]# docker rmi -f 5e35e350aded
Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to delete 5e35e350aded (cannot be forced) - image is being used by running container 5e82ea0e65f0
运行的容器，镜像是无法删除的，停止容器
[root@docker-server3 ~]# docker stop 5e82ea0e65f0
再次删除镜像
[root@docker-server3 ~]# docker rmi -f 5e35e350aded
Untagged: centos:7 Untagged: centos@sha256:4a701376d03f6b39b8c2a8f4a8e499441b0d567f9ab9d58e4991de4472fb813c Deleted: sha256:5e35e350aded98340bc8fcb0ba392d809c807bc3eb5c618d4a0674d98d88bccd
[root@docker-server3 ~]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE redis 4.0 e263c3a3ce1f 2 days ago 89.2MB httpd 2.4 c2aa7e16edd8 3 days ago 165MB nginx latest 540a289bab6c 2 months ago 126MB hub.darren.com/library/nginx version1 540a289bab6c 2 months ago 126MB goodsmileduck/redis-cli latest 4b2315bf1ad2 4 months ago 48.9MB registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns 1.1.3 b3b94275d97c 19 months ago 45.6MB
centos7的镜像已经被删除
6 修改镜像名，打标签
[root@docker-server3 ~]# docker tag nginx:latest hub.darren.com/library/nginx:version1
[root@docker-server3 ~]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE redis 4.0 e263c3a3ce1f 2 days ago 89.2MB httpd 2.4 c2aa7e16edd8 3 days ago 165MB hub.darren.com/library/nginx version1 540a289bab6c 2 months ago 126MB nginx latest 540a289bab6c 2 months ago 126MB centos latest 0f3e07c0138f 3 months ago 220MB goodsmileduck/redis-cli latest 4b2315bf1ad2 4 months ago 48.9MB registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns 1.1.3 b3b94275d97c 19 months ago 45.6MB
7 镜像的导入和导出
删除掉所有的镜像
拉去两个镜像
[root@docker-server3 ~]# docker pull busybox
[root@docker-server3 ~]# docker pull alpine
[root@docker-server3 ~]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE busybox latest 6d5fcfe5ff17 4 days ago 1.22MB alpine latest cc0abc535e36 6 days ago 5.59MB
[root@docker-server3 ~]# docker tag alpine:latest hub.darren.com/library/alpine:3.7
[root@docker-server3 ~]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE busybox latest 6d5fcfe5ff17 4 days ago 1.22MB alpine latest cc0abc535e36 6 days ago 5.59MB hub.darren.com/library/alpine 3.7 cc0abc535e36 6 days ago 5.59MB
镜像不是一个文件
[root@docker-server3 ~]# cd /var/lib/docker/image/overlay2/
[root@docker-server3 overlay2]# ll
drwx------ 4 root root 58 Nov 9 03:50 distribution drwx------ 4 root root 37 Nov 9 03:12 imagedb drwx------ 5 root root 45 Nov 9 03:52 layerdb -rw------- 1 root root 677 Dec 31 10:45 repositories.json
导出
[root@docker-server3 ~]# docker save -o alpine:3.7.tar hub.darren.com/library/alpine:3.7
[root@docker-server3 ~]# ll
-rw------- 1 root root 5866496 Dec 31 10:51 alpine:3.7.tar
[root@docker-server3 ~]# docker rmi -f cc0abc535e36
Untagged: alpine:latest Untagged: alpine@sha256:2171658620155679240babee0a7714f6509fae66898db422ad803b951257db78 Untagged: hub.darren.com/library/alpine:3.7 Deleted: sha256:cc0abc535e36a7ede71978ba2bbd8159b8a5420b91f2fbc520cdf5f673640a34 Deleted: sha256:6b27de954cca6332272e7709b7d8ceccee1489d9452af73391df360a26123580 [root@docker-server3 ~]# docker image ls REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE busybox latest 6d5fcfe5ff17 4 days ago 1.22MB
导入
[root@docker-server3 ~]# docker load --input alpine\:3.7.tar
6b27de954cca: Loading layer [==================================================>] 5.857MB/5.857MB Loaded image: hub.darren.com/library/alpine:3.7
[root@docker-server3 ~]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE busybox latest 6d5fcfe5ff17 4 days ago 1.22MB hub.darren.com/library/alpine 3.7 cc0abc535e36 6 days ago 5.59MB
容器的镜像管理结束
博主声明：本文的内容来源主要来自誉天教育晏威老师，由本人实验完成操作验证，需要的博友请联系誉天教育（http://www.yutianedu.com/），获得官方同意或者晏老师（https://www.cnblogs.com/breezey/）本人同意即可转载，谢谢