# urls
from django.conf.urls import url
from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
# v1版
# url(r'^v1/cars/$',views.CarV1APIView.as_view()),
# url(r'^v1/cars/(?P<pk>\d+)/$',views.CarV1APIView.as_view()),
# v2版
url(r'^v2/cars/$', views.CarV2APIView.as_view()),
url(r'^v2/cars/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.CarV2APIView.as_view()),
# v3版
url(r'^v3/cars/$', views.CarV3APIView.as_view()),
url(r'^v3/cars/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.CarV3APIView.as_view()),
]
# models
from django.db import models
from django.conf import settings
# Create your models here.
class Car(models.Model):
color_choice = (
(0,'银色'),
(1,'红色'),
(2,'黑色'),
(3,'灰色'),
)
name = models.CharField(max_length=64,verbose_name='车名',unique=True)
color = models.IntegerField(choices=color_choice,default=0,verbose_name='颜色')
price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10,decimal_places=2,verbose_name='价格')
image = models.ImageField(upload_to='img',default='img/default.jpg',verbose_name='头像')
brand = models.CharField(max_length=32,default='unknown')
is_delete = models.BooleanField(default=False,verbose_name='是否注销')
created_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True,verbose_name='创建时间')
@property
def image_path(self):
return f'{settings.BASE_URL}{settings.MEDIA_URL}{self.image}'
class Meta:
# db_table = 'carclass' 创建表时做表名
verbose_name_plural = '汽车表'
def __str__(self):
return self.name
# serializer
from rest_framework import serializers
from django.conf import settings
from app01 import models
# 自定义Serializer序列化类，用来取出数据库信息
class CarSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
name = serializers.CharField()
car_color = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
def get_car_color(self, obj):
return obj.get_color_display()
price = serializers.DecimalField(10, 2)
picture = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
def get_picture(self, obj):
return f'{settings.BASE_URL}{settings.MEDIA_URL}{obj.image}'
brand = serializers.CharField()
# 自定义反序列化类，用来接收前端数据，并存入数据库
# 和forms组件校验数据用法一样
class CarDeSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
# 反序列化中写的字段，会被反序列化校验；
# 括号内写校验规则，和forms组件写法一样
name = serializers.CharField(
max_length=10,
min_length=2,
error_messages={
'max_length': '车名不得超过10个字！',
'min_length': '车名不得少于2个字！',
'required': '车名必须写！'
}
)
# 不写的字段，就不必参与反序列化；
# 创建对象时，直接使用默认值
# 但如果传了值，就会使用传的值
# color =
price = serializers.DecimalField(10,2)
brand = serializers.CharField(
error_messages={
'required': '品牌名必须写！'
}
)
# 自定义校验字段：语法和模型字段没区别，
# 但不能入库，需要在全局钩子中取出
re_brand = serializers.CharField(
error_messages={
'required': '品牌名必须写！'
}
)
# 局部钩子 validate_name_字段名
def validate_name(self,value):
if value == '一给我里giaogiao':
raise serializers.ValidationError('禁止giaogiao！')
return value
# 全局钩子
def validate(self, attrs):
brand = attrs.get('brand')
# 将自定义字段移除
re_brand = attrs.pop('re_brand')
if brand != re_brand:
raise serializers.ValidationError({'re_brand':'两次输入品牌不一致！请重新输入！'})
return attrs
# 重写create方法，实现创建数据
# create和update都需要返回一个instance(obj)
def create(self, validated_data):
print(validated_data)
return models.Car.objects.create(**validated_data)
# 重写update方法，实现修改数据
# create和update都需要返回一个instance(obj)
def update(self, instance, validated_data):
validated_data.pop('name')
models.Car.objects.filter(pk=instance.id).update(**validated_data)
return instance
# modelserializer同时进行序列化和反序列化
class CarModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
# 通过SerializerMethodField设置的字段为只读字段
car_color = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
def get_car_color(self,obj):
return obj.get_color_display()
re_brand = serializers.CharField(
write_only=True,
error_messages={
'required':'re_brand为必填字段！'
}
)
class Meta: # 声明
# 绑定需要进行序列化和反序列化的模型表
model = models.Car
# 设置模型表中需要进行序列化和反序列化的字段(容器，列表或元组)。
# 并且容器中的名称可以映射到模型类中不存在任何参数的属性或方法，
# 通过这种特性可以完成自定义字段的插拔式设计
fields = [
'name','car_color','price','image_path','brand','re_brand'
]
read_only_fields = ['car_color','image_path']
# 设置额外的序列化与反序列化的规则
extra_kwargs = {
'name':{
'min_length':2,
'max_length':10,
'error_messages':{
'min_length': '太短',
'max_length': '太长',
}
}
}
# depth可以用来设置字段进行外键关联查找的层数
# depth = 1
def validate(self, attrs):
brand = attrs.get('brand')
re_brand = attrs.pop('re_brand',False)
if not brand == re_brand:
raise serializers.ValidationError({'re_brand':'两次品牌不一致！'})
return attrs
# create和update方法不需要再重写，ModelSerializer类已提供，且支持所有关系下的连表操作
#views
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from django.conf import settings
from app01 import models
from rest_framework.status import *
# 单群查V1版 不使用序列化
class CarV1APIView(APIView):
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
pk = kwargs.get('pk')
if pk: # 单查
# 手动查数据
car_dic = models.Car.objects.filter(is_delete=False, pk=pk).values('name', 'color', 'price', 'image',
'created_time').first()
# 用户不存在
if not car_dic:
return Response({
'status': 1,
'msg': '用户不存在',
}, status=400)
# 存在
car_dic['image'] = f'{settings.BASE_URL}{settings.MEDIA_URL}{car_dic.get("image")}'
return Response(data={
'status': 0, # 数据状态码
'msg': 'ok', # 数据状态信息
'results': car_dic # 具体数据
}, status=200)
else: # 群查
car_query = models.Car.objects.filter(is_delete=False).values('name', 'color', 'price', 'image',
'created_time').all()
for car_dic in car_query:
car_dic['image'] = f'{settings.BASE_URL}{settings.MEDIA_URL}{car_dic.get("image")}'
car_list = list(car_query)
return Response(data={
'status': 0, # 数据状态码
'msg': 'ok', # 数据状态信息
'results': car_list # 具体数据
}, status=200)
from app01 import serializers
# 单群查V2版 使用serializer序列化器进行序列化
class CarV2APIView(APIView):
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
pk = kwargs.get('pk')
if pk: # 单查
car_obj = models.Car.objects.filter(pk=pk, is_delete=False).first()
if not car_obj:
return Response({
'status': 1,
'msg': 'pk not found',
}, status=HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)
else:
car_serializer_obj = serializers.CarSerializer(car_obj) # many默认为false
return Response({
'status': 0,
'msg': 'ok',
'results': car_serializer_obj.data
}, status=HTTP_200_OK)
else: # 群查
car_query = models.Car.objects.filter(is_delete=False).all()
car_serializer_obj = serializers.CarSerializer(car_query, many=True)
return Response({
'status': 0,
'msg': 'data ok',
'results': car_serializer_obj.data
})
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
# 将前端传来的数据传入序列化组件进行校验
car_ser = serializers.CarDeSerializer(data=request.data)
if car_ser.is_valid():
# 数据通过校验则用save方法入库，返回创建的对象
car_obj = car_ser.save()
return Response({
'status': 0,
'msg': 'ok',
# 将汽车对象序列化一下再返回给前端，比较规范
'result': serializers.CarSerializer(car_obj).data
}, status=HTTP_200_OK)
else:
return Response({
'status': 1,
'msg': car_ser.errors,
}, status=HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)
# 单群查V3版 使用ModelSerializer序列化器进行序列化
class CarV3APIView(APIView):
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
print(dir(request))
print(type(request))
pk = kwargs.get('pk')
if pk: # 单查
car_obj = models.Car.objects.filter(pk=pk, is_delete=False).first()
if not car_obj:
# pk找不到对象，报错
return Response(
data={
'status': 1,
'msg': 'pk 不存在',
},
status=HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST
)
else:
# 将查出的数据 通过序列化 设置为规范格式的数据，返回给前端
car_serializer_obj = serializers.CarModelSerializer(car_obj)
return Response(
data={
'status': 0,
'msg': 'ok',
'results': car_serializer_obj.data
# 这里的data实际上是一个方法，只是用property装饰了
# 通过这个方法可以将对对象打散，得到其中的字段，这样可以让前端好看一些点
},
status=HTTP_200_OK
)
else: # 群查
car_query = models.Car.objects.filter(is_delete=False).all()
# 为了能够序列化一个查询集或者一个对象列表而不是一个单独的对象
# 应该在实例化序列化器类的时候传一个many=True参数
car_serializer_obj = serializers.CarModelSerializer(car_query, many=True)
return Response(
data={
'status': 0,
'msg': 'ok',
'results': car_serializer_obj.data
},
status=HTTP_200_OK
)
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
# BaseSerializer需要的参数：instance=None, data=empty
# 第一个参数默认传一个对象传给instance进行序列化；
# 想要反序列化必须用关键字传参将数据传给data；
# 然后serializer类用data初始化生成一个serializer对象;
# 这个对象就可以使用save方法，进行create和update
car_serializer_obj = serializers.CarModelSerializer(data=request.data)
if car_serializer_obj.is_valid():
# 通过校验则调用save方法，save调用create或update将数据入库
car_obj = car_serializer_obj.save()
return Response(
data={
'status': 0,
'msg': 'ok',
'results': serializers.CarModelSerializer(car_obj).data
},
status=HTTP_200_OK
)
else:
return Response(
data={
'status': 1,
'msg': car_serializer_obj.errors
},
status=HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST
)
作业serializer_test
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转载自www.cnblogs.com/bowendown/p/12122680.html
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