1. 环境准备
直接使用pip,如果不知道什么是pip,会死的很惨
sudo pip install Mako
sudo pip install django-mako
2. 一个简单的例子
from mako.template import Template mytemplate = Template("hello world!") print mytemplate.render()
和java的模板系统大同小异,加上context:
from mako.template import Template mytemplate = Template("hello, ${name}!") print mytemplate.render(name="jack")
这里render方法会自动创建Context对象,也可以自己创建Context:
from mako.template import Template from mako.runtime import Context from StringIO import StringIO mytemplate = Template("hello, ${name}!") buf = StringIO() ctx = Context(buf, name="jack") mytemplate.render_context(ctx) print buf.getvalue()
3. 基于文件的Templates
上面的例子中,Template是通过字符串的方式构建的,下面将介绍通过文件:
from mako.template import Template mytemplate = Template(filename='/docs/mytmpl.txt') print mytemplate.render()
4. 语法
a. 表达式,和jsp,velocity很像:
this is x: ${x}
但比velocity智能,数学运算很方便有木有:
${pow(x,2) + pow(y,2)}
the contents within the ${} tag are evaluated by Python directly, so full expressions are OK.
还有比java先进的,看看这个:
${"this is some text" | u}
| 后面这个u是什么意思?
Mako 内置了多个escaping filter ,包括 HTML, URL, XML escaping,trim(),这些filter可以通过| 后面跟表达式来表示。
u : URL escaping, provided by urllib.quote_plus(string.encode('utf-8'))
h : HTML escaping, provided by markupsafe.escape(string)
x : XML escaping
trim : whitespace trimming, provided by string.strip()
entity : produces HTML entity references for applicable strings, derived from htmlentitydefs
unicode (str on Python 3): produces a Python unicode string (this function is applied by default)
decode.<some encoding> : decode input into a Python unicode with the specified encoding
n : disable all default filtering; only filters specified in the local expression tag will be applied.
多个filter通过逗号间隔:
${" <tag>some value</tag> " | h,trim}
上面这段code将被解析成: <tag>some value</tag> 更多: http://docs.makotemplates.org/en/latest/filtering.html
b. 流程控制
% if x==5: this is some output % endif % for a in ['one', 'two', 'three', 'four', 'five']: % if a[0] == 't': its two or three % elif a[0] == 'f': four/five % else: one % endif % endfor
c. python block:
this is a template <% x = db.get_resource('foo') y = [z.element for z in x if x.frobnizzle==5] %> % for elem in y: element: ${elem} % endfor
更多参考:http://docs.makotemplates.org/en/latest/syntax.html
5. 最后说说和django集成问题
1)在你django项目的settings.py中的MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES里增加一项djangomako.middleware.MakoMiddleware例:
MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = ( 'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware', 'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware', 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware', 'djangomako.middleware.MakoMiddleware', )
添加django方法,例:
from djangomako.shortcuts import render_to_response def hello_view(request): return render_to_response('hello.html', {'name':'sand'})
启动你的django项目,浏览器访问一下http://yourhostname/hello,看下是不是看到返回的hello sand!
http://www.sandzhang.com/blog/2010/04/03/install-mako-templates-and-plugin-for-django/