SpringCloud学习系列-Hystrix断路器(2)

服务熔断

1.是什么

服务熔断
熔断机制是应对雪崩效应的一种微服务链路保护机制。
当扇出链路的某个微服务不可用或者响应时间太长时，会进行服务的降级，进而熔断该节点微服务的调用，快速返回"错误"的响应信息。当检测到该节点微服务调用响应正常后恢复调用链路。在SpringCloud框架里熔断机制通过Hystrix实现。Hystrix会监控微服务间调用的状况，当失败的调用到一定阈值，缺省是5秒内20次调用失败就会启动熔断机制。熔断机制的注解是@HystrixCommand。

2.实验代码

1.参考microservicecloud-provider-dept-8001 新建microservicecloud-provider-dept-hystrix-8001

2.修改pom

 
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 
  <parent>
   <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
   <artifactId>microservicecloud</artifactId>
   <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  </parent>
 
  <artifactId>microservicecloud-provider-dept-hystrix-8001</artifactId>
 
 
  <dependencies>
   <!--  hystrix -->
   <dependency>
     <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
     <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId>
   </dependency>
   <!-- 引入自己定义的api通用包，可以使用Dept部门Entity -->
   <dependency>
     <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
     <artifactId>microservicecloud-api</artifactId>
     <version>${project.version}</version>
   </dependency>
   <!-- 将微服务provider侧注册进eureka -->
   <dependency>
     <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
     <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
   </dependency>
   <dependency>
     <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
     <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
   </dependency>
   <!-- actuator监控信息完善 -->
   <dependency>
     <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
     <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
   </dependency>
   <dependency>
     <groupId>junit</groupId>
     <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
   </dependency>
   <dependency>
     <groupId>mysql</groupId>
     <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
   </dependency>
   <dependency>
     <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
     <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
   </dependency>
   <dependency>
     <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
     <artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
   </dependency>
   <dependency>
     <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
     <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
   </dependency>
   <dependency>
     <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
     <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId>
   </dependency>
   <dependency>
     <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
     <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
   </dependency>
   <dependency>
     <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
     <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
   </dependency>
   <!-- 修改后立即生效，热部署 -->
   <dependency>
     <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
     <artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
   </dependency>
   <dependency>
     <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
     <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
   </dependency>
  </dependencies>
 
</project>

3.修改yml

server:
  port: 8001
  
mybatis:
  config-location: classpath:mybatis/mybatis.cfg.xml  #mybatis所在路径
  type-aliases-package: com.atguigu.springcloud.entities #entity别名类
  mapper-locations:
  - classpath:mybatis/mapper/**/*.xml #mapper映射文件
    
spring:
   application:
    name: microservicecloud-dept 
   datasource:
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
    driver-class-name: org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/cloudDB01
    username: root
    password: 123456
    dbcp2:
      min-idle: 5
      initial-size: 5
      max-total: 5
      max-wait-millis: 200
      
eureka:
  client: #客户端注册进eureka服务列表内
    service-url: 
      defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka/,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka/,http://eureka7003.com:7003/eureka/
  instance:
    instance-id: microservicecloud-dept8001-hystrix   #自定义服务名称信息
    prefer-ip-address: true     #访问路径可以显示IP地址
      
info:
  app.name: atguigu-microservicecloud
  company.name: www.atguigu.com
  build.artifactId: $project.artifactId$
  build.version: $project.version$

4.修改DeptController

@HystrixCommand报异常后如何处理一旦调用服务方法失败并抛出了错误信息后，会自动调用@HystrixCommand标注好的fallbackMethod调用类中的指定方法

package com.atguigu.springcloud.controller;
 
 
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
 
import com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.Dept;
import com.atguigu.springcloud.service.DeptService;
import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixCommand;
 
@RestController
public class DeptController
{
  @Autowired
  private DeptService service = null;
  
  @RequestMapping(value="/dept/get/{id}",method=RequestMethod.GET)
    @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "processHystrix_Get")
  public Dept get(@PathVariable("id") Long id)
  {
   Dept dept =  this.service.get(id);
   if(null == dept)
   {
     throw new RuntimeException("该ID："+id+"没有没有对应的信息");
   }
   return dept;
  }
  
  public Dept processHystrix_Get(@PathVariable("id") Long id)
  {
   return new Dept().setDeptno(id)
           .setDname("该ID："+id+"没有没有对应的信息,null--@HystrixCommand")
           .setDb_source("no this database in MySQL");
  }
}

5.修改主启动类DeptProvider8001_Hystrix_App并添加新注解@EnableCircuitBreaker

package com.atguigu.springcloud;
 
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.circuitbreaker.EnableCircuitBreaker;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
 
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient //本服务启动后会自动注册进eureka服务中
@EnableCircuitBreaker//对hystrixR熔断机制的支持
public class DeptProvider8001_Hystrix_App
{
  public static void main(String[] args)
  {
   SpringApplication.run(DeptProvider8001_Hystrix_App.class, args);
  }
}

3.测试

3个eureka先启动

主启动类DeptProvider8001_Hystrix_App

Consumer启动microservicecloud-consumer-dept-80

http://localhost/consumer/dept/get/112

如果对应的ID：112，数据库里面没有这个记录，我们报错后统一返回。

SpringCloud学习系列-Hystrix断路器(2)

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