代码来源于：tensorflow机器学习实战指南（曾益强 译，2017年9月）——第七章：自然语言处理
代码地址：https://github.com/nfmcclure/tensorflow-cookbook
数据：http://www.cs.cornell.edu/people/pabo/movie-review-data/rt-polaritydata.tar.gz
CBOW概念图：
步骤如下：
- 必要包
- 声明模型参数
- 读取数据集
- 创建单词字典，转换句子列表为单词索引列表
- 生成批量数据
- 构建图
- 训练
step1：必要包
参考：tensorflow在文本处理中的使用——skip-gram模型
step2：声明模型参数
# Declare model parameters batch_size = 500 embedding_size = 200 vocabulary_size = 2000 generations = 50000 model_learning_rate = 0.001 num_sampled = int(batch_size/2) # Number of negative examples to sample. window_size = 3 # How many words to consider left and right. # Add checkpoints to training save_embeddings_every = 5000 print_valid_every = 5000 print_loss_every = 100 # Declare stop words stops = stopwords.words('english') # We pick some test words. We are expecting synonyms to appear valid_words = ['love', 'hate', 'happy', 'sad', 'man', 'woman']
step3：读取数据集
参考：tensorflow在文本处理中的使用——skip-gram模型
step4：创建单词字典，转换句子列表为单词索引列表
参考：tensorflow在文本处理中的使用——skip-gram模型
step5：生成批量数据
看一下单步执行的中间结果，利于更好理解处理过程:
>>> rand_sentence=[2520, 1421, 146, 1215, 5, 468, 12, 14, 18, 20] >>> window_size = 3 #类似skip-gram >>> window_sequences = [rand_sentence[max((ix-window_size),0):(ix+window_size+1)] for ix, x in enumerate(rand_sentence)] >>> label_indices = [ix if ix<window_size else window_size for ix,x in enumerate(window_sequences)] >>> window_sequences [[2520, 1421, 146, 1215], [2520, 1421, 146, 1215, 5], [2520, 1421, 146, 1215, 5, 468], [2520, 1421, 146, 1215, 5, 468, 12], [1421, 146, 1215, 5, 468, 12, 14], [146, 1215, 5, 468, 12, 14, 18], [1215, 5, 468, 12, 14, 18, 20], [5, 468, 12, 14, 18, 20], [468, 12, 14, 18, 20], [12, 14, 18, 20]] >>> label_indices [0, 1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3] #生成input和label >>> batch_and_labels = [(x[:y] + x[(y+1):], x[y]) for x,y in zip(window_sequences, label_indices)] >>> batch_and_labels = [(x,y) for x,y in batch_and_labels if len(x)==2*window_size] >>> batch, labels = [list(x) for x in zip(*batch_and_labels)] >>> batch_and_labels [([2520, 1421, 146, 5, 468, 12], 1215), ([1421, 146, 1215, 468, 12, 14], 5), ([146, 1215, 5, 12, 14, 18], 468), ([1215, 5, 468, 14, 18, 20], 12)] >>> batch [[2520, 1421, 146, 5, 468, 12], [1421, 146, 1215, 468, 12, 14], [146, 1215, 5, 12, 14, 18], [1215, 5, 468, 14, 18, 20]] >>> labels [1215, 5, 468, 12]
step6：构建图
# Define Embeddings: embeddings = tf.Variable(tf.random_uniform([vocabulary_size, embedding_size], -1.0, 1.0)) # NCE loss parameters nce_weights = tf.Variable(tf.truncated_normal([vocabulary_size, embedding_size], stddev=1.0 / np.sqrt(embedding_size))) nce_biases = tf.Variable(tf.zeros([vocabulary_size])) # Create data/target placeholders x_inputs = tf.placeholder(tf.int32, shape=[batch_size, 2*window_size]) y_target = tf.placeholder(tf.int32, shape=[batch_size, 1]) valid_dataset = tf.constant(valid_examples, dtype=tf.int32) # Lookup the word embedding # Add together window embeddings:CBOW模型将上下文窗口内的单词嵌套叠加在一起 embed = tf.zeros([batch_size, embedding_size]) for element in range(2*window_size): embed += tf.nn.embedding_lookup(embeddings, x_inputs[:, element]) # Get loss from prediction loss = tf.reduce_mean(tf.nn.nce_loss(nce_weights, nce_biases, embed, y_target, num_sampled, vocabulary_size)) # Create optimizer optimizer = tf.train.GradientDescentOptimizer(learning_rate=model_learning_rate).minimize(loss) # Cosine similarity between words计算验证单词集 norm = tf.sqrt(tf.reduce_sum(tf.square(embeddings), 1, keep_dims=True)) normalized_embeddings = embeddings / norm valid_embeddings = tf.nn.embedding_lookup(normalized_embeddings, valid_dataset) similarity = tf.matmul(valid_embeddings, normalized_embeddings, transpose_b=True) # Create model saving operation该方法默认会保存整个计算图会话，本例中指定参数只保存嵌套变量并设置名字 saver = tf.train.Saver({"embeddings": embeddings})
step7：训练
#Add variable initializer. init = tf.initialize_all_variables() sess.run(init) # Run the skip gram model. print('Starting Training') loss_vec = [] loss_x_vec = [] for i in range(generations): batch_inputs, batch_labels = text_helpers.generate_batch_data(text_data, batch_size, window_size, method='cbow') feed_dict = {x_inputs : batch_inputs, y_target : batch_labels} # Run the train step sess.run(optimizer, feed_dict=feed_dict) # Return the loss if (i+1) % print_loss_every == 0: loss_val = sess.run(loss, feed_dict=feed_dict) loss_vec.append(loss_val) loss_x_vec.append(i+1) print('Loss at step {} : {}'.format(i+1, loss_val)) # Validation: Print some random words and top 5 related words if (i+1) % print_valid_every == 0: sim = sess.run(similarity, feed_dict=feed_dict) for j in range(len(valid_words)): valid_word = word_dictionary_rev[valid_examples[j]] top_k = 5 # number of nearest neighbors nearest = (-sim[j, :]).argsort()[1:top_k+1] log_str = "Nearest to {}:".format(valid_word) for k in range(top_k): close_word = word_dictionary_rev[nearest[k]] log_str = '{} {},' .format(log_str, close_word) print(log_str) # Save dictionary + embeddings if (i+1) % save_embeddings_every == 0: # Save vocabulary dictionary with open(os.path.join(data_folder_name,'movie_vocab.pkl'), 'wb') as f: pickle.dump(word_dictionary, f) # Save embeddings model_checkpoint_path = os.path.join(os.getcwd(),data_folder_name,'cbow_movie_embeddings.ckpt') save_path = saver.save(sess, model_checkpoint_path) print('Model saved in file: {}'.format(save_path))
运行结果：
工作原理：Word2Vec嵌套的CBOW模型和skip-gram模型非常相似。主要不同点是生成数据和单词嵌套的处理。加载文本数据，归一化文本，创建词汇字典，使用词汇字典查找嵌套，组合嵌套并训练神经网络模型预测目标单词。
延伸学习：CBOW方法是在上下文窗口内单词嵌套叠加上进行训练并预测目标单词的。Word2Vec的CBOW方法更平滑，更适用于小文本数据集。