1.分类
1.1全部倒装
1.11 谓语+主语
当there, here, then, now等副词置于句首, 且谓语动词为come, go,be等词时,句子一般全部倒装。
当out, in, away, up, bang等方位或拟声词置于句首时,句子一般全部倒装。
以here,there,then,now,thus,up,down,in,out,away开头.
Here comes the bus.
There goes the bell.
Then follows the fashion show.
Now comes our turn.
Out went the children.
Down fell a big apple.
- 全部倒装一般都是
一般现在时或一般过去时 - 如果主语是代词。句子则不倒装。
1.12 代词主语作主语时
当代词作主语时,语序不变,即主谓/主系结构.
Here it is.
In he comes.
Away they went.
1.13 表示地点的介词词组句首时
表示地点的介词词组在句首时.
Under the tree stands a little boy.
A little boy stands under the tree.
1.14 直接引语在句首时
"I don't know the man",said the girl in red.
1.2部分倒装
- 助动词+主语
- 情态动词+主语
- Be+主语
Do you have money?
Can you speak English?
Are you student?
如何将一个陈述句变成一般疑问句?
如果句子中含有助动词/情态动词/Be动词,将这些词提前.
如果没有,则加do does did
He works in Beijing.
Does he work in Beijing?
1.21 以否定词开头
具有否定意义的词或短语置于句首时,句子一般部分倒装,即将be动词、助动词或情态动词提到主语前。
这类词或短语包括:
- not
- never seldom
- hardly
- rarely
- scarcely
- by no means
- under no circumstances
- in no way
- at no time
- no sooner…(then)
- hardly …(when)
- Hardly+过去完成时(had+主语+ 过去分词)+when+一般过去时
- Hardly had he entered the house when it began to rain.
- not only…(but also)
- not until
- Not until+句子(had done)
- Not until he had finished his task.
- Not until + did/was/were+主语
- Never has my brother been abroad before.
- Hardly had I sat down when I heard someone knocking at the door.
- No sonner had he returned than he bought a fine house and went to live there.
- At no time should you give up studying.
- 在任何时候你都不应放弃读书。
1.22 Only引出的状语放在句首
- only then
- only once
- His father called his full name only once.
- Only once did his father called his full name.
- only when
- only in this way
- only with
- only through
- only by
- only because
1.23表示程序或频率的副词置于句首
当so, often, only,neither,nor等表示程序或频率的副词置于句首时, 句子一般倒装。
- so
- So great was the destruction that the south took decades to recovery.
- He has been to Beijing.So have I.
- 倒装表示
也是,没有倒装表示的确如此- often
- Often does he warn us not to touch the poisonous chemical.
- only
- Only in this way can we accomplish it on time.
1.24 So/Such...that
表示如此...以至于...
- So...that...
- So修饰形容词
- Such...that...
- Such修饰名词
1.3补充:让步倒装
让步状语从句，是指状语从句中的一种，其本身也是状语从句。一般翻译为“尽管……”或“即使……”，就是我们日常生活中用的“退一步说…”的感觉。
引导让步状语从句的连词主要有以下这些：
though，although，while，as；
even if，even though；
whether...or...；
no matter+疑问词，疑问词+ever，regardless of+名词/名词短语/名词从句，despite，in spite of。
切记although，though 不可与but连用，但可以与still和yet连用。
1.31 as/although
当as表示尽管时,要将表语,状语,实义动词提前
- 表语
- Although it may sound strange,nobody was injured in the accident.
- Strange as it may sound,nobody was injured in the accident.
- 状语
- Although he loves her much...
- Much as he loves her,...
- 实义动词
- Although you may object...
- Object as you may,..
1.32 be+主语+adj. +or +adj.
主系表结构,表达的也是让步意义.
Be it rainy or sunny,the match will be played as scheduled.