元组、字典

#元组tuple，只读列表，可循环查询，可切片

 1 tu = [1,22,'ax',[123,'abc',56],'413']
 2 print(tu[3][0:2])           #  [123,'abc']
 3 for i in tu:
 4     print(i)
 5 tu[3][1] = tu[3][1].upper()
 6 print(tu)
 7 tu[3][1] = tu[3][1].replace('abc','44')
 8 print(tu)
 9 s = ['1','22','ax','413']
10 s1 = '*'.join(s)            #join 返回值为字符串
11 print(s1)

#range

 1 for i in range(0,10):
 2     print(i)
 3 for i in range(5):
 4     print(i)
 5 for i in range(2,10,3):             #步长3
 6     print(i)
 7 for i in range(10,0,-1):
 8     print(i)
 9 for i in range(0,10,-1):
10     print(i)                        #输出为空，但 不 会 报 错

#打印列表，遇到列表中的列表也循环打印

 1 #①
 2 l = [1,22,'ax',[123,'abc',56],'413']
 3 for i in l:
 4     if type(i) == list:
 5         for j in i:
 6             print(j)
 7     else:
 8         print(i)
 9 #②
10 l = [1,22,'ax',[123,'abc',56],'413']
11 for i in range(len(l)):
12     if type(l[i]) == list:
13         for j in l[i]:
14             print(j)
15     else:
16         print(l[i])

#字典dictionary

1 dict = {
2     'name':'xs',
3     'age':21,
4     'height':175,
5     'weight':138,
6     True:1,
7     (1,2):'yy'
8 　　　　}
9 print(dict)

#字典的操作（增删改查）

 1 dict = {'name':'xs','age':21,'height':175,'weight':138}
 2 #增
 3 dict['hobby'] = 'game'          #没有键值对，直接添加
 4 print(dict)
 5 dict.setdefault('hobby','music')        #若字典中已存在键值对，则不做任何操作
 6 dict.setdefault('food','des')           #若字典中无键值对，则添加
 7 print(dict)
 8 
 9 #删
10 dict.pop('weight')          #按键删除，有返回值
11 print(dict)
12 print(dict.pop('money',None))         #若没有此键，则报错，可设置返回值后不报错
13 dict.popitem()              #默认删除最后一个键值对，返回值为元组
14 print(dict)
15 #dict.clear()        #清空字典
16 
17 #改
18 dict['age'] = 22
19 print(dict)         #若存在键，则值覆盖
20 dict1 = {'height':177,'food':'des','money':'many'}
21 dict.update(dict1)                  #将新字典中的元组更新到旧字典中
22 print(dict)
23 
24 #查
25 print(dict.keys(),type(dict.keys()))
26 print(dict.values())
27 print(dict.items())
28 
29 for i in dict.items():
30     print(i)
31 # a,b = [1,2],[2,3,4]
32 # print(a,b)                #a=[1,2]    b=[2,3,4]
33 for x,y in dict.items():
34     print(x,y)
35 
36 print(dict['name'])         #若键不存在则会报错
37 print(dict.get('height1'))          #即使不存在此键，也不会报错，默认返回值为none

#dict的嵌套

 1 dict2 = {'hobby':'game',
 2          'ID':{'name':'xs',
 3                'age':21,
 4                'height':175
 5                },
 6          'food':['柠檬','apple','chic']
 7          }
 8 dict2['food'].append('peach')
 9 print(dict2)
10 dict2['ID']['name'] = dict2['ID']['name'].upper()
11 print(dict2)
12 dict2['ID']['weight'] = 138
13 print(dict2)