MySQL/MariaDB数据库的mysqldump工具备份还原实战
作者：尹正杰
版权声明：原创作品，谢绝转载！否则将追究法律责任。
一.mysqldump概述
1>.逻辑备份工具
mysqldump: 客户端命令，通过mysql协议连接至mysql服务器进行备份。因此备份过程中需要MySQL数据库实例必须处于可访问状态。 博主推荐阅读:https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/mysqldump.html mydumper: 博主推荐阅读:https://launchpad.net/mydumper/ phpMyAdmin: 一个基于PHP语言开发的Web版本的数据库管理工具，常见的备份操作均可以再Web点点鼠标就可以轻松完成。该服务需要手动安装。 博主推荐阅读:https://www.phpmyadmin.net/
2>.Schema
Schema存放着数据的各种定义，DDL语言("CREATE DATABASE","CREATE TABLE","CREATE VIEW"等)包括通过INSERT语句导出各种数据。
Schema和数据存储在一起、巨大的SQL语句、单个巨大的备份文件
3>.mysqldump工具
客户端命令，通过mysql协议连接至mysql服务器进行备份。 博主推荐阅读: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/mysqldump.html
[[email protected] ~]# mysqldump --help mysqldump Ver 10.16 Distrib 10.2.19-MariaDB, for Linux (x86_64) Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Dumping structure and contents of MySQL databases and tables. Usage: mysqldump [OPTIONS] database [tables] OR mysqldump [OPTIONS] --databases [OPTIONS] DB1 [DB2 DB3...] OR mysqldump [OPTIONS] --all-databases [OPTIONS] Default options are read from the following files in the given order: /etc/my.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf ~/.my.cnf The following groups are read: mysqldump client client-server client-mariadb The following options may be given as the first argument: --print-defaults Print the program argument list and exit. --no-defaults Don't read default options from any option file. The following specify which files/extra groups are read (specified before remaining options): --defaults-file=# Only read default options from the given file #. --defaults-extra-file=# Read this file after the global files are read. --defaults-group-suffix=# Additionally read default groups with # appended as a suffix. -A, --all-databases Dump all the databases. This will be same as --databases with all databases selected. -Y, --all-tablespaces Dump all the tablespaces. -y, --no-tablespaces Do not dump any tablespace information. --add-drop-database Add a DROP DATABASE before each create. --add-drop-table Add a DROP TABLE before each create. (Defaults to on; use --skip-add-drop-table to disable.) --add-drop-trigger Add a DROP TRIGGER before each create. --add-locks Add locks around INSERT statements. (Defaults to on; use --skip-add-locks to disable.) --allow-keywords Allow creation of column names that are keywords. --apply-slave-statements Adds 'STOP SLAVE' prior to 'CHANGE MASTER' and 'START SLAVE' to bottom of dump. --character-sets-dir=name Directory for character set files. -i, --comments Write additional information. (Defaults to on; use --skip-comments to disable.) --compatible=name Change the dump to be compatible with a given mode. By default tables are dumped in a format optimized for MySQL. Legal modes are: ansi, mysql323, mysql40, postgresql, oracle, mssql, db2, maxdb, no_key_options, no_table_options, no_field_options. One can use several modes separated by commas. Note: Requires MySQL server version 4.1.0 or higher. This option is ignored with earlier server versions. --compact Give less verbose output (useful for debugging). Disables structure comments and header/footer constructs. Enables options --skip-add-drop-table --skip-add-locks --skip-comments --skip-disable-keys --skip-set-charset. -c, --complete-insert Use complete insert statements. -C, --compress Use compression in server/client protocol. -a, --create-options Include all MySQL specific create options. (Defaults to on; use --skip-create-options to disable.) -B, --databases Dump several databases. Note the difference in usage; in this case no tables are given. All name arguments are regarded as database names. 'USE db_name;' will be included in the output. -#, --debug[=#] This is a non-debug version. Catch this and exit. --debug-check Check memory and open file usage at exit. --debug-info Print some debug info at exit. --default-character-set=name Set the default character set. --delayed-insert Insert rows with INSERT DELAYED. --delete-master-logs Delete logs on master after backup. This automatically enables --master-data. -K, --disable-keys '/*!40000 ALTER TABLE tb_name DISABLE KEYS */; and '/*!40000 ALTER TABLE tb_name ENABLE KEYS */; will be put in the output. (Defaults to on; use --skip-disable-keys to disable.) --dump-slave[=#] This causes the binary log position and filename of the master to be appended to the dumped data output. Setting the value to 1, will printit as a CHANGE MASTER command in the dumped data output; if equal to 2, that command will be prefixed with a comment symbol. This option will turn --lock-all-tables on, unless --single-transaction is specified too (in which case a global read lock is only taken a short time at the beginning of the dump - don't forget to read about --single-transaction below). In all cases any action on logs will happen at the exact moment of the dump.Option automatically turns --lock-tables off. -E, --events Dump events. -e, --extended-insert Use multiple-row INSERT syntax that include several VALUES lists. (Defaults to on; use --skip-extended-insert to disable.) --fields-terminated-by=name Fields in the output file are terminated by the given string. --fields-enclosed-by=name Fields in the output file are enclosed by the given character. --fields-optionally-enclosed-by=name Fields in the output file are optionally enclosed by the given character. --fields-escaped-by=name Fields in the output file are escaped by the given character. -F, --flush-logs Flush logs file in server before starting dump. Note that if you dump many databases at once (using the option --databases= or --all-databases), the logs will be flushed for each database dumped. The exception is when using --lock-all-tables or --master-data: in this case the logs will be flushed only once, corresponding to the moment all tables are locked. So if you want your dump and the log flush to happen at the same exact moment you should use --lock-all-tables or --master-data with --flush-logs. --flush-privileges Emit a FLUSH PRIVILEGES statement after dumping the mysql database. This option should be used any time the dump contains the mysql database and any other database that depends on the data in the mysql database for proper restore. -f, --force Continue even if we get an SQL error. --gtid Used together with --master-data=1 or --dump-slave=1.When enabled, the output from those options will set the GTID position instead of the binlog file and offset; the file/offset will appear only as a comment. When disabled, the GTID position will still appear in the output, but only commented. -?, --help Display this help message and exit. --hex-blob Dump binary strings (BINARY, VARBINARY, BLOB) in hexadecimal format. -h, --host=name Connect to host. --ignore-table=name Do not dump the specified table. To specify more than one table to ignore, use the directive multiple times, once for each table. Each table must be specified with both database and table names, e.g., --ignore-table=database.table. --include-master-host-port Adds 'MASTER_HOST=<host>, MASTER_PORT=<port>' to 'CHANGE MASTER TO..' in dump produced with --dump-slave. --insert-ignore Insert rows with INSERT IGNORE. --lines-terminated-by=name Lines in the output file are terminated by the given string. -x, --lock-all-tables Locks all tables across all databases. This is achieved by taking a global read lock for the duration of the whole dump. Automatically turns --single-transaction and --lock-tables off. -l, --lock-tables Lock all tables for read. (Defaults to on; use --skip-lock-tables to disable.) --log-error=name Append warnings and errors to given file. --log-queries When restoring the dump, the server will, if logging turned on, log the queries to the general and slow query log. (Defaults to on; use --skip-log-queries to disable.) --master-data[=#] This causes the binary log position and filename to be appended to the output. If equal to 1, will print it as a CHANGE MASTER command; if equal to 2, that command will be prefixed with a comment symbol. This option will turn --lock-all-tables on, unless --single-transaction is specified too (on servers before MariaDB 5.3 this will still take a global read lock for a short time at the beginning of the dump; don't forget to read about --single-transaction below). In all cases, any action on logs will happen at the exact moment of the dump. Option automatically turns --lock-tables off. --max-allowed-packet=# The maximum packet length to send to or receive from server. --net-buffer-length=# The buffer size for TCP/IP and socket communication. --no-autocommit Wrap tables with autocommit/commit statements. -n, --no-create-db Suppress the CREATE DATABASE ... IF EXISTS statement that normally is output for each dumped database if --all-databases or --databases is given. -t, --no-create-info Don't write table creation info. -d, --no-data No row information. --no-data-med No row information for engines that Manage External Data (MRG_MyISAM, MRG_ISAM, CONNECT, OQGRAPH, SPIDER, VP, FEDERATED). (Defaults to on; use --skip-no-data-med to disable.) -N, --no-set-names Same as --skip-set-charset. --opt Same as --add-drop-table, --add-locks, --create-options, --quick, --extended-insert, --lock-tables, --set-charset, and --disable-keys. Enabled by default, disable with --skip-opt. --order-by-primary Sorts each table's rows by primary key, or first unique key, if such a key exists. Useful when dumping a MyISAM table to be loaded into an InnoDB table, but will make the dump itself take considerably longer. -p, --password[=name] Password to use when connecting to server. If password is not given it's solicited on the tty. -P, --port=# Port number to use for connection. --protocol=name The protocol to use for connection (tcp, socket, pipe, memory). -q, --quick Don't buffer query, dump directly to stdout. (Defaults to on; use --skip-quick to disable.) -Q, --quote-names Quote table and column names with backticks (`). (Defaults to on; use --skip-quote-names to disable.) --replace Use REPLACE INTO instead of INSERT INTO. -r, --result-file=name Direct output to a given file. This option should be used in systems (e.g., DOS, Windows) that use carriage-return linefeed pairs (\r\n) to separate text lines. This option ensures that only a single newline is used. -R, --routines Dump stored routines (functions and procedures). --set-charset Add 'SET NAMES default_character_set' to the output. (Defaults to on; use --skip-set-charset to disable.) --single-transaction Creates a consistent snapshot by dumping all tables in a single transaction. Works ONLY for tables stored in storage engines which support multiversioning (currently only InnoDB does); the dump is NOT guaranteed to be consistent for other storage engines. While a --single-transaction dump is in process, to ensure a valid dump file (correct table contents and binary log position), no other connection should use the following statements: ALTER TABLE, DROP TABLE, RENAME TABLE, TRUNCATE TABLE, as consistent snapshot is not isolated from them. Option automatically turns off --lock-tables. --dump-date Put a dump date to the end of the output. (Defaults to on; use --skip-dump-date to disable.) --skip-opt Disable --opt. Disables --add-drop-table, --add-locks, --create-options, --quick, --extended-insert, --lock-tables, --set-charset, and --disable-keys. -S, --socket=name The socket file to use for connection. --ssl Enable SSL for connection (automatically enabled with other flags). --ssl-ca=name CA file in PEM format (check OpenSSL docs, implies --ssl). --ssl-capath=name CA directory (check OpenSSL docs, implies --ssl). --ssl-cert=name X509 cert in PEM format (implies --ssl). --ssl-cipher=name SSL cipher to use (implies --ssl). --ssl-key=name X509 key in PEM format (implies --ssl). --ssl-crl=name Certificate revocation list (implies --ssl). --ssl-crlpath=name Certificate revocation list path (implies --ssl). --ssl-verify-server-cert Verify server's "Common Name" in its cert against hostname used when connecting. This option is disabled by default. -T, --tab=name Create tab-separated textfile for each table to given path. (Create .sql and .txt files.) NOTE: This only works if mysqldump is run on the same machine as the mysqld server. --tables Overrides option --databases (-B). --triggers Dump triggers for each dumped table. (Defaults to on; use --skip-triggers to disable.) --tz-utc SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' at top of dump to allow dumping of TIMESTAMP data when a server has data in different time zones or data is being moved between servers with different time zones. (Defaults to on; use --skip-tz-utc to disable.) -u, --user=name User for login if not current user. -v, --verbose Print info about the various stages. -V, --version Output version information and exit. -w, --where=name Dump only selected records. Quotes are mandatory. -X, --xml Dump a database as well formed XML. --plugin-dir=name Directory for client-side plugins. --default-auth=name Default authentication client-side plugin to use. Variables (--variable-name=value) and boolean options {FALSE|TRUE} Value (after reading options) --------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- all-databases FALSE all-tablespaces FALSE no-tablespaces FALSE add-drop-database FALSE add-drop-table TRUE add-drop-trigger FALSE add-locks TRUE allow-keywords FALSE apply-slave-statements FALSE character-sets-dir (No default value) comments TRUE compatible (No default value) compact FALSE complete-insert FALSE compress FALSE create-options TRUE databases FALSE debug-check FALSE debug-info FALSE default-character-set utf8 delayed-insert FALSE delete-master-logs FALSE disable-keys TRUE dump-slave 0 events FALSE extended-insert TRUE fields-terminated-by (No default value) fields-enclosed-by (No default value) fields-optionally-enclosed-by (No default value) fields-escaped-by (No default value) flush-logs FALSE flush-privileges FALSE force FALSE gtid FALSE hex-blob FALSE host (No default value) include-master-host-port FALSE insert-ignore FALSE lines-terminated-by (No default value) lock-all-tables FALSE lock-tables TRUE log-error (No default value) log-queries TRUE master-data 0 max-allowed-packet 16777216 net-buffer-length 1046528 no-autocommit FALSE no-create-db FALSE no-create-info FALSE no-data FALSE no-data-med TRUE order-by-primary FALSE port 3306 quick TRUE quote-names TRUE replace FALSE routines FALSE set-charset TRUE single-transaction FALSE dump-date TRUE socket /tmp/mysql.sock ssl FALSE ssl-ca (No default value) ssl-capath (No default value) ssl-cert (No default value) ssl-cipher (No default value) ssl-key (No default value) ssl-crl (No default value) ssl-crlpath (No default value) ssl-verify-server-cert FALSE tab (No default value) triggers TRUE tz-utc TRUE user (No default value) verbose FALSE where (No default value) plugin-dir (No default value) default-auth (No default value) [[email protected] ~]#
4>.mysqldump常见选项
-A， --all-databases :
备份所有数据库，含create database -B , --databases db_name…:
指定备份的数据库，包括create database语句 -E, --events:
备份相关的所有event scheduler -R, --routines:
备份所有存储过程和自定义函数 --triggers:
备份表相关触发器，默认启用,用--skip-triggers，不备份触发器 --default-character-set=utf8
指定字符集 --master-data[=#]：
此选项须启用二进制日志 1：所备份的数据之前加一条记录为CHANGE MASTER TO语句，非注释，不指定#，默认为1(一般用于主从复制使用该备份方式,"--master-data=1") 2：记录为注释的CHANGE MASTER TO语句(若不用于主从复制只是单纯备份使用"--master-data=2"即可。) 此选项会自动关闭--lock-tables功能，自动打开-x | --lock-all-tables功能（除非开启--single-transaction） -F, --flush-logs:
备份前滚动日志，锁定表完成后，执行flush logs命令,生成新的二进制日志文件，配合-A 或 -B 选项时，会导致刷新多次数据库。建议在同一时刻执行转储和日志刷新，可通过和--single-transaction或-x，--master-data 一起使用实现，此时只刷新一次日志 --compact:
去掉注释，适合调试，生产不使用 -d, --no-data:
只备份表结构 -t, --no-create-info:
只备份数据,不备份create table -n,--no-create-db:
不备份create database，可被-A或-B覆盖 --flush-privileges:
备份mysql或相关时需要使用 -f, --force:
忽略SQL错误，继续执行 --hex-blob:
使用十六进制符号转储二进制列，当有包括BINARY， VARBINARY，BLOB，BIT的数据类型的列时使用，避免乱码 -q, --quick:
不缓存查询，直接输出，加快备份速度
二.mysqldump实战案例
1>.备份指定的数据库(仅备份该数据库下所有的表，但不包括create database语句，生产环境不推荐使用)
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -e "SHOW DATABASES" -uroot -pyinzhengjie -S /mysql/3307/socket/mysql.sock +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | yinzhengjie | +--------------------+ [[email protected] ~]#
[[email protected] ~]# mysqldump yinzhengjie -uroot -pyinzhengjie -S /mysql/3307/socket/mysql.sock > /root/yinzhengjiedb.sql [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# cat /root/yinzhengjiedb.sql -- MySQL dump 10.16 Distrib 10.2.19-MariaDB, for Linux (x86_64) -- -- Host: localhost Database: yinzhengjie -- ------------------------------------------------------ -- Server version 10.2.19-MariaDB-log /*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */; /*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */; /*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */; /*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */; /*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */; /*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */; /*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */; /*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */; /*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */; /*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */; -- -- Table structure for table `classes` -- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `classes`; /*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */; /*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */; CREATE TABLE `classes` ( `ClassID` tinyint(3) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `Class` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL, `NumOfStu` smallint(5) unsigned DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`ClassID`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=9 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; /*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */; -- -- Dumping data for table `classes` -- LOCK TABLES `classes` WRITE; /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `classes` DISABLE KEYS */; INSERT INTO `classes` VALUES (1,'Shaolin Pai',10),(2,'Emei Pai',7),(3,'QingCheng Pai',11),(4,'Wudang Pai',12),(5,'Riyue Shenjiao',31),(6,'Liansha n Pai',27),(7,'Ming Jiao',27),(8,'Xiaoyao Pai',15);/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `classes` ENABLE KEYS */; UNLOCK TABLES; -- -- Table structure for table `coc` -- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `coc`; /*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */; /*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */; CREATE TABLE `coc` ( `ID` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `ClassID` tinyint(3) unsigned NOT NULL, `CourseID` smallint(5) unsigned DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`ID`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=15 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; /*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */; -- -- Dumping data for table `coc` -- LOCK TABLES `coc` WRITE; /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `coc` DISABLE KEYS */; INSERT INTO `coc` VALUES (1,1,2),(2,1,5),(3,2,2),(4,2,6),(5,3,1),(6,3,7),(7,4,5),(8,4,2),(9,5,1),(10,5,9),(11,6,3),(12,6,4),(13,7,4),(14,7,3); /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `coc` ENABLE KEYS */; UNLOCK TABLES; -- -- Table structure for table `courses` -- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `courses`; /*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */; /*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */; CREATE TABLE `courses` ( `CourseID` smallint(5) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `Course` varchar(100) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`CourseID`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=8 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; /*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */; -- -- Dumping data for table `courses` -- LOCK TABLES `courses` WRITE; /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `courses` DISABLE KEYS */; INSERT INTO `courses` VALUES (1,'Hamo Gong'),(2,'Kuihua Baodian'),(3,'Jinshe Jianfa'),(4,'Taiji Quan'),(5,'Daiyu Zanghua'),(6,'Weituo Zhang'),(7, 'Dagou Bangfa');/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `courses` ENABLE KEYS */; UNLOCK TABLES; -- -- Table structure for table `scores` -- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `scores`; /*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */; /*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */; CREATE TABLE `scores` ( `ID` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `StuID` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL, `CourseID` smallint(5) unsigned NOT NULL, `Score` tinyint(3) unsigned DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`ID`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=16 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; /*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */; -- -- Dumping data for table `scores` -- LOCK TABLES `scores` WRITE; /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `scores` DISABLE KEYS */; INSERT INTO `scores` VALUES (1,1,2,77),(2,1,6,93),(3,2,2,47),(4,2,5,97),(5,3,2,88),(6,3,6,75),(7,4,5,71),(8,4,2,89),(9,5,1,39),(10,5,7,63),(11,6, 1,96),(12,7,1,86),(13,7,7,83),(14,8,4,57),(15,8,3,93);/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `scores` ENABLE KEYS */; UNLOCK TABLES; -- -- Table structure for table `students` -- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `students`; /*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */; /*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */; CREATE TABLE `students` ( `StuID` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `Name` varchar(50) NOT NULL, `Age` tinyint(3) unsigned NOT NULL, `Gender` enum('F','M') NOT NULL, `ClassID` tinyint(3) unsigned DEFAULT NULL, `TeacherID` int(10) unsigned DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`StuID`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=32 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; /*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */; -- -- Dumping data for table `students` -- LOCK TABLES `students` WRITE; /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `students` DISABLE KEYS */; INSERT INTO `students` VALUES (1,'Shi Zhongyu',22,'M',2,3),(2,'Shi Potian',22,'M',1,7),(3,'Xie Yanke',53,'M',2,16),(4,'Ding Dian',32,'M',4,4),(5, 'Yu Yutong',26,'M',3,1),(6,'Shi Qing',46,'M',5,NULL),(7,'Xi Ren',19,'F',3,NULL),(8,'Lin Daiyu',17,'F',7,NULL),(9,'Ren Yingying',20,'F',6,NULL),(10,'Yue Lingshan',19,'F',3,NULL),(11,'Yuan Chengzhi',23,'M',6,NULL),(12,'Wen Qingqing',19,'F',1,NULL),(13,'Tian Boguang',33,'M',2,NULL),(14,'Lu Wushuang',17,'F',3,NULL),(15,'Duan Yu',19,'M',4,NULL),(16,'Xu Zhu',21,'M',1,NULL),(17,'Lin Chong',25,'M',4,NULL),(18,'Hua Rong',23,'M',7,NULL),(19,'Xue Baochai',18,'F',6,NULL),(20,'Diao Chan',19,'F',7,NULL),(21,'Huang Yueying',22,'F',6,NULL),(22,'Xiao Qiao',20,'F',1,NULL),(23,'Ma Chao',23,'M',4,NULL),(24,'Xu Xian',27,'M',NULL,NULL),(25,'Sun Dasheng',100,'M',NULL,NULL),(29,'a',10,'F',NULL,NULL),(30,'b',20,'F',NULL,NULL),(31,'c',30,'F',NULL,NULL);/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `students` ENABLE KEYS */; UNLOCK TABLES; -- -- Table structure for table `teachers` -- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `teachers`; /*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */; /*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */; CREATE TABLE `teachers` ( `TID` smallint(5) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `Name` varchar(100) NOT NULL, `Age` tinyint(3) unsigned NOT NULL, `Gender` enum('F','M') DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`TID`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=5 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; /*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */; -- -- Dumping data for table `teachers` -- LOCK TABLES `teachers` WRITE; /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `teachers` DISABLE KEYS */; INSERT INTO `teachers` VALUES (1,'Jason Yin',27,'F'),(2,'YinZhengjie',18,'F'),(3,'Jenny',20,'M'); /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `teachers` ENABLE KEYS */; UNLOCK TABLES; -- -- Table structure for table `toc` -- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `toc`; /*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */; /*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */; CREATE TABLE `toc` ( `ID` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `CourseID` smallint(5) unsigned DEFAULT NULL, `TID` smallint(5) unsigned DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`ID`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; /*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */; -- -- Dumping data for table `toc` -- LOCK TABLES `toc` WRITE; /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `toc` DISABLE KEYS */; /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `toc` ENABLE KEYS */; UNLOCK TABLES; /*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE=@OLD_TIME_ZONE */; /*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE */; /*!40014 SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS */; /*!40014 SET UNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS */; /*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */; /*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */; /*!40101 SET COLLATION_CONNECTION=@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION */; /*!40111 SET SQL_NOTES=@OLD_SQL_NOTES */; -- Dump completed on 2019-11-06 6:39:36 [[email protected] ~]#
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -e "SHOW CREATE DATABASE yinzhengjie" -uroot -pyinzhengjie -S /mysql/3307/socket/mysql.sock +-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Database | Create Database | +-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | yinzhengjie | CREATE DATABASE `yinzhengjie` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */ | +-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+ [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# mysql -e "USE yinzhengjie;SHOW TABLES;" -uroot -pyinzhengjie -S /mysql/3307/socket/mysql.sock +-----------------------+ | Tables_in_yinzhengjie | +-----------------------+ | classes | | coc | | courses | | scores | | students | | teachers | | toc | +-----------------------+ [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# mysql -e "DROP DATABASE yinzhengjie" -uroot -pyinzhengjie -S /mysql/3307/socket/mysql.sock [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# mysql -e "SHOW DATABASES" -uroot -pyinzhengjie -S /mysql/3307/socket/mysql.sock +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | +--------------------+ [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# mysql -e "CREATE DATABASE yinzhengjiedb DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8" -uroot -pyinzhengjie -S /mysql/3307/sock et/mysql.sock [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# mysql -e "SHOW DATABASES" -uroot -pyinzhengjie -S /mysql/3307/socket/mysql.sock +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | yinzhengjiedb | +--------------------+ [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# mysql -e "USE yinzhengjiedb;SHOW TABLES;" -uroot -pyinzhengjie -S /mysql/3307/socket/mysql.sock [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot -pyinzhengjie -S /mysql/3307/socket/mysql.sock yinzhengjiedb < /root/yinzhengjiedb.sql [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# mysql -e "USE yinzhengjiedb;SHOW TABLES;" -uroot -pyinzhengjie -S /mysql/3307/socket/mysql.sock +-------------------------+ | Tables_in_yinzhengjiedb | +-------------------------+ | classes | | coc | | courses | | scores | | students | | teachers | | toc | +-------------------------+ [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# mysql -e "SELECT * FROM yinzhengjiedb.students" -uroot -pyinzhengjie -S /mysql/3307/socket/mysql.sock +-------+---------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+ | StuID | Name | Age | Gender | ClassID | TeacherID | +-------+---------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+ | 1 | Shi Zhongyu | 22 | M | 2 | 3 | | 2 | Shi Potian | 22 | M | 1 | 7 | | 3 | Xie Yanke | 53 | M | 2 | 16 | | 4 | Ding Dian | 32 | M | 4 | 4 | | 5 | Yu Yutong | 26 | M | 3 | 1 | | 6 | Shi Qing | 46 | M | 5 | NULL | | 7 | Xi Ren | 19 | F | 3 | NULL | | 8 | Lin Daiyu | 17 | F | 7 | NULL | | 9 | Ren Yingying | 20 | F | 6 | NULL | | 10 | Yue Lingshan | 19 | F | 3 | NULL | | 11 | Yuan Chengzhi | 23 | M | 6 | NULL | | 12 | Wen Qingqing | 19 | F | 1 | NULL | | 13 | Tian Boguang | 33 | M | 2 | NULL | | 14 | Lu Wushuang | 17 | F | 3 | NULL | | 15 | Duan Yu | 19 | M | 4 | NULL | | 16 | Xu Zhu | 21 | M | 1 | NULL | | 17 | Lin Chong | 25 | M | 4 | NULL | | 18 | Hua Rong | 23 | M | 7 | NULL | | 19 | Xue Baochai | 18 | F | 6 | NULL | | 20 | Diao Chan | 19 | F | 7 | NULL | | 21 | Huang Yueying | 22 | F | 6 | NULL | | 22 | Xiao Qiao | 20 | F | 1 | NULL | | 23 | Ma Chao | 23 | M | 4 | NULL | | 24 | Xu Xian | 27 | M | NULL | NULL | | 25 | Sun Dasheng | 100 | M | NULL | NULL | | 29 | a | 10 | F | NULL | NULL | | 30 | b | 20 | F | NULL | NULL | | 31 | c | 30 | F | NULL | NULL | +-------+---------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+ [[email protected] ~]#
2>.备份指定的表(仅备份某个数据库中指定的表，但不包括create database语句，生产环境不推荐使用)
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -e "SHOW DATABASES" -uroot -pyinzhengjie -S /mysql/3307/socket/mysql.sock +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | yinzhengjiedb | +--------------------+ [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# mysql -e "USE yinzhengjiedb;SHOW TABLES;" -uroot -pyinzhengjie -S /mysql/3307/socket/mysql.sock +-------------------------+ | Tables_in_yinzhengjiedb | +-------------------------+ | classes | | coc | | courses | | scores | | students | | teachers | | toc | +-------------------------+ [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# mysqldump yinzhengjiedb students -uroot -pyinzhengjie -S /mysql/3307/socket/mysql.sock > /root/students.sql [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# cat /root/students.sql -- MySQL dump 10.16 Distrib 10.2.19-MariaDB, for Linux (x86_64) -- -- Host: localhost Database: yinzhengjiedb -- ------------------------------------------------------ -- Server version 10.2.19-MariaDB-log /*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */; /*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */; /*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */; /*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */; /*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */; /*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */; /*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */; /*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */; /*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */; /*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */; -- -- Table structure for table `students` -- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `students`; /*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */; /*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */; CREATE TABLE `students` ( `StuID` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `Name` varchar(50) NOT NULL, `Age` tinyint(3) unsigned NOT NULL, `Gender` enum('F','M') NOT NULL, `ClassID` tinyint(3) unsigned DEFAULT NULL, `TeacherID` int(10) unsigned DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`StuID`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=32 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; /*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */; -- -- Dumping data for table `students` -- LOCK TABLES `students` WRITE; /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `students` DISABLE KEYS */; INSERT INTO `students` VALUES (1,'Shi Zhongyu',22,'M',2,3),(2,'Shi Potian',22,'M',1,7),(3,'Xie Yanke',53,'M',2,16),(4,'Ding Dian',32,'M',4,4),(5, 'Yu Yutong',26,'M',3,1),(6,'Shi Qing',46,'M',5,NULL),(7,'Xi Ren',19,'F',3,NULL),(8,'Lin Daiyu',17,'F',7,NULL),(9,'Ren Yingying',20,'F',6,NULL),(10,'Yue Lingshan',19,'F',3,NULL),(11,'Yuan Chengzhi',23,'M',6,NULL),(12,'Wen Qingqing',19,'F',1,NULL),(13,'Tian Boguang',33,'M',2,NULL),(14,'Lu Wushuang',17,'F',3,NULL),(15,'Duan Yu',19,'M',4,NULL),(16,'Xu Zhu',21,'M',1,NULL),(17,'Lin Chong',25,'M',4,NULL),(18,'Hua Rong',23,'M',7,NULL),(19,'Xue Baochai',18,'F',6,NULL),(20,'Diao Chan',19,'F',7,NULL),(21,'Huang Yueying',22,'F',6,NULL),(22,'Xiao Qiao',20,'F',1,NULL),(23,'Ma Chao',23,'M',4,NULL),(24,'Xu Xian',27,'M',NULL,NULL),(25,'Sun Dasheng',100,'M',NULL,NULL),(29,'a',10,'F',NULL,NULL),(30,'b',20,'F',NULL,NULL),(31,'c',30,'F',NULL,NULL);/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `students` ENABLE KEYS */; UNLOCK TABLES; /*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE=@OLD_TIME_ZONE */; /*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE */; /*!40014 SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS */; /*!40014 SET UNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS */; /*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */; /*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */; /*!40101 SET COLLATION_CONNECTION=@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION */; /*!40111 SET SQL_NOTES=@OLD_SQL_NOTES */; -- Dump completed on 2019-11-06 6:57:30 [[email protected] ~]#
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -e "SHOW DATABASES" -uroot -pyinzhengjie -S /mysql/3307/socket/mysql.sock +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | yinzhengjiedb | +--------------------+ [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# mysql -e "CREATE DATABASE testdb DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8" -uroot -pyinzhengjie -S /mysql/3307/socket/mysql.sock [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# mysql -e "SHOW DATABASES" -uroot -pyinzhengjie -S /mysql/3307/socket/mysql.sock +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | testdb | | yinzhengjiedb | +--------------------+ [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# mysql -e "USE testdb;SHOW TABLES;" -uroot -pyinzhengjie -S /mysql/3307/socket/mysql.sock [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot -pyinzhengjie -S /mysql/3307/socket/mysql.sock testdb < /root/students.sql [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# mysql -e "USE testdb;SHOW TABLES;" -uroot -pyinzhengjie -S /mysql/3307/socket/mysql.sock +------------------+ | Tables_in_testdb | +------------------+ | students | +------------------+ [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# mysql -e "SELECT * FROM testdb.students" -uroot -pyinzhengjie -S /mysql/3307/socket/mysql.sock +-------+---------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+ | StuID | Name | Age | Gender | ClassID | TeacherID | +-------+---------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+ | 1 | Shi Zhongyu | 22 | M | 2 | 3 | | 2 | Shi Potian | 22 | M | 1 | 7 | | 3 | Xie Yanke | 53 | M | 2 | 16 | | 4 | Ding Dian | 32 | M | 4 | 4 | | 5 | Yu Yutong | 26 | M | 3 | 1 | | 6 | Shi Qing | 46 | M | 5 | NULL | | 7 | Xi Ren | 19 | F | 3 | NULL | | 8 | Lin Daiyu | 17 | F | 7 | NULL | | 9 | Ren Yingying | 20 | F | 6 | NULL | | 10 | Yue Lingshan | 19 | F | 3 | NULL | | 11 | Yuan Chengzhi | 23 | M | 6 | NULL | | 12 | Wen Qingqing | 19 | F | 1 | NULL | | 13 | Tian Boguang | 33 | M | 2 | NULL | | 14 | Lu Wushuang | 17 | F | 3 | NULL | | 15 | Duan Yu | 19 | M | 4 | NULL | | 16 | Xu Zhu | 21 | M | 1 | NULL | | 17 | Lin Chong | 25 | M | 4 | NULL | | 18 | Hua Rong | 23 | M | 7 | NULL | | 19 | Xue Baochai | 18 | F | 6 | NULL | | 20 | Diao Chan | 19 | F | 7 | NULL | | 21 | Huang Yueying | 22 | F | 6 | NULL | | 22 | Xiao Qiao | 20 | F | 1 | NULL | | 23 | Ma Chao | 23 | M | 4 | NULL | | 24 | Xu Xian | 27 | M | NULL | NULL | | 25 | Sun Dasheng | 100 | M | NULL | NULL | | 29 | a | 10 | F | NULL | NULL | | 30 | b | 20 | F | NULL | NULL | | 31 | c | 30 | F | NULL | NULL | +-------+---------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+ [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]#
3>.使用"-B"选项备份指定的数据库，包括create database语句
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -e "SHOW DATABASES" -uroot -pyinzhengjie -S /mysql/3307/socket/mysql.sock +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | testdb | | yinzhengjiedb | +--------------------+ [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# mysqldump -B yinzhengjiedb -uroot -pyinzhengjie -S /mysql/3307/socket/mysql.sock > /root/yinzhengjiedb.sql [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# cat /root/yinzhengjiedb.sql -- MySQL dump 10.16 Distrib 10.2.19-MariaDB, for Linux (x86_64) -- -- Host: localhost Database: yinzhengjiedb -- ------------------------------------------------------ -- Server version 10.2.19-MariaDB-log /*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */; /*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */; /*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */; /*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */; /*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */; /*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */; /*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */; /*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */; /*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */; /*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */; -- -- Current Database: `yinzhengjiedb` -- CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/ `yinzhengjiedb` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */; USE `yinzhengjiedb`; -- -- Table structure for table `classes` -- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `classes`; /*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */; /*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */; CREATE TABLE `classes` ( `ClassID` tinyint(3) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `Class` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL, `NumOfStu` smallint(5) unsigned DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`ClassID`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=9 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; /*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */; -- -- Dumping data for table `classes` -- LOCK TABLES `classes` WRITE; /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `classes` DISABLE KEYS */; INSERT INTO `classes` VALUES (1,'Shaolin Pai',10),(2,'Emei Pai',7),(3,'QingCheng Pai',11),(4,'Wudang Pai',12),(5,'Riyue Shenjiao',31),(6,'Liansha n Pai',27),(7,'Ming Jiao',27),(8,'Xiaoyao Pai',15);/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `classes` ENABLE KEYS */; UNLOCK TABLES; -- -- Table structure for table `coc` -- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `coc`; /*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */; /*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */; CREATE TABLE `coc` ( `ID` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `ClassID` tinyint(3) unsigned NOT NULL, `CourseID` smallint(5) unsigned DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`ID`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=15 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; /*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */; -- -- Dumping data for table `coc` -- LOCK TABLES `coc` WRITE; /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `coc` DISABLE KEYS */; INSERT INTO `coc` VALUES (1,1,2),(2,1,5),(3,2,2),(4,2,6),(5,3,1),(6,3,7),(7,4,5),(8,4,2),(9,5,1),(10,5,9),(11,6,3),(12,6,4),(13,7,4),(14,7,3); /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `coc` ENABLE KEYS */; UNLOCK TABLES; -- -- Table structure for table `courses` -- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `courses`; /*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */; /*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */; CREATE TABLE `courses` ( `CourseID` smallint(5) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `Course` varchar(100) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`CourseID`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=8 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; /*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */; -- -- Dumping data for table `courses` -- LOCK TABLES `courses` WRITE; /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `courses` DISABLE KEYS */; INSERT INTO `courses` VALUES (1,'Hamo Gong'),(2,'Kuihua Baodian'),(3,'Jinshe Jianfa'),(4,'Taiji Quan'),(5,'Daiyu Zanghua'),(6,'Weituo Zhang'),(7, 'Dagou Bangfa');/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `courses` ENABLE KEYS */; UNLOCK TABLES; -- -- Table structure for table `scores` -- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `scores`; /*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */; /*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */; CREATE TABLE `scores` ( `ID` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `StuID` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL, `CourseID` smallint(5) unsigned NOT NULL, `Score` tinyint(3) unsigned DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`ID`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=16 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; /*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */; -- -- Dumping data for table `scores` -- LOCK TABLES `scores` WRITE; /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `scores` DISABLE KEYS */; INSERT INTO `scores` VALUES (1,1,2,77),(2,1,6,93),(3,2,2,47),(4,2,5,97),(5,3,2,88),(6,3,6,75),(7,4,5,71),(8,4,2,89),(9,5,1,39),(10,5,7,63),(11,6, 1,96),(12,7,1,86),(13,7,7,83),(14,8,4,57),(15,8,3,93);/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `scores` ENABLE KEYS */; UNLOCK TABLES; -- -- Table structure for table `students` -- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `students`; /*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */; /*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */; CREATE TABLE `students` ( `StuID` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `Name` varchar(50) NOT NULL, `Age` tinyint(3) unsigned NOT NULL, `Gender` enum('F','M') NOT NULL, `ClassID` tinyint(3) unsigned DEFAULT NULL, `TeacherID` int(10) unsigned DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`StuID`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=32 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; /*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */; -- -- Dumping data for table `students` -- LOCK TABLES `students` WRITE; /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `students` DISABLE KEYS */; INSERT INTO `students` VALUES (1,'Shi Zhongyu',22,'M',2,3),(2,'Shi Potian',22,'M',1,7),(3,'Xie Yanke',53,'M',2,16),(4,'Ding Dian',32,'M',4,4),(5, 'Yu Yutong',26,'M',3,1),(6,'Shi Qing',46,'M',5,NULL),(7,'Xi Ren',19,'F',3,NULL),(8,'Lin Daiyu',17,'F',7,NULL),(9,'Ren Yingying',20,'F',6,NULL),(10,'Yue Lingshan',19,'F',3,NULL),(11,'Yuan Chengzhi',23,'M',6,NULL),(12,'Wen Qingqing',19,'F',1,NULL),(13,'Tian Boguang',33,'M',2,NULL),(14,'Lu Wushuang',17,'F',3,NULL),(15,'Duan Yu',19,'M',4,NULL),(16,'Xu Zhu',21,'M',1,NULL),(17,'Lin Chong',25,'M',4,NULL),(18,'Hua Rong',23,'M',7,NULL),(19,'Xue Baochai',18,'F',6,NULL),(20,'Diao Chan',19,'F',7,NULL),(21,'Huang Yueying',22,'F',6,NULL),(22,'Xiao Qiao',20,'F',1,NULL),(23,'Ma Chao',23,'M',4,NULL),(24,'Xu Xian',27,'M',NULL,NULL),(25,'Sun Dasheng',100,'M',NULL,NULL),(29,'a',10,'F',NULL,NULL),(30,'b',20,'F',NULL,NULL),(31,'c',30,'F',NULL,NULL);/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `students` ENABLE KEYS */; UNLOCK TABLES; -- -- Table structure for table `teachers` -- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `teachers`; /*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */; /*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */; CREATE TABLE `teachers` ( `TID` smallint(5) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `Name` varchar(100) NOT NULL, `Age` tinyint(3) unsigned NOT NULL, `Gender` enum('F','M') DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`TID`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=5 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; /*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */; -- -- Dumping data for table `teachers` -- LOCK TABLES `teachers` WRITE; /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `teachers` DISABLE KEYS */; INSERT INTO `teachers` VALUES (1,'Jason Yin',27,'F'),(2,'YinZhengjie',18,'F'),(3,'Jenny',20,'M'); /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `teachers` ENABLE KEYS */; UNLOCK TABLES; -- -- Table structure for table `toc` -- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `toc`; /*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */; /*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */; CREATE TABLE `toc` ( `ID` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `CourseID` smallint(5) unsigned DEFAULT NULL, `TID` smallint(5) unsigned DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`ID`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; /*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */; -- -- Dumping data for table `toc` -- LOCK TABLES `toc` WRITE; /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `toc` DISABLE KEYS */; /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `toc` ENABLE KEYS */; UNLOCK TABLES; /*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE=@OLD_TIME_ZONE */; /*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE */; /*!40014 SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS */; /*!40014 SET UNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS */; /*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */; /*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */; /*!40101 SET COLLATION_CONNECTION=@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION */; /*!40111 SET SQL_NOTES=@OLD_SQL_NOTES */; -- Dump completed on 2019-11-06 7:09:30 [[email protected] ~]#
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -e "DROP DATABASE yinzhengjiedb" -uroot -pyinzhengjie -S /mysql/3307/socket/mysql.sock [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# mysql -e "SHOW DATABASES" -uroot -pyinzhengjie -S /mysql/3307/socket/mysql.sock +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | testdb | +--------------------+ [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot -pyinzhengjie -S /mysql/3307/socket/mysql.sock < /root/yinzhengjiedb.sql [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# mysql -e "SHOW DATABASES" -uroot -pyinzhengjie -S /mysql/3307/socket/mysql.sock +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | testdb | | yinzhengjiedb | +--------------------+ [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# mysql -e "USE yinzhengjiedb;SHOW TABLES" -uroot -pyinzhengjie -S /mysql/3307/socket/mysql.sock +-------------------------+ | Tables_in_yinzhengjiedb | +-------------------------+ | classes | | coc | | courses | | scores | | students | | teachers | | toc | +-------------------------+ [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# mysql -e "SELECT * FROM yinzhengjiedb.teachers" -uroot -pyinzhengjie -S /mysql/3307/socket/mysql.sock +-----+-------------+-----+--------+ | TID | Name | Age | Gender | +-----+-------------+-----+--------+ | 1 | Jason Yin | 27 | F | | 2 | YinZhengjie | 18 | F | | 3 | Jenny | 20 | M | +-----+-------------+-----+--------+ [[email protected] ~]#
[[email protected] ~]# mysqldump -B yinzhengjiedb -uroot -pyinzhengjie -S /mysql/3307/socket/mysql.sock > /root/yinzhengjiedb.sql [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# mysqldump -B yinzhengjiedb -uroot -pyinzhengjie -S /mysql/3307/socket/mysql.sock | gzip > /root/yinzhengjiedb.sql.gz [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# mysqldump -B yinzhengjiedb -uroot -pyinzhengjie -S /mysql/3307/socket/mysql.sock | xz > /root/yinzhengjiedb.sql.xz [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# ll total 16 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7869 Nov 6 07:23 yinzhengjiedb.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1901 Nov 6 07:23 yinzhengjiedb.sql.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1840 Nov 6 07:24 yinzhengjiedb.sql.xz [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# ll total 16 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7869 Nov 6 07:23 yinzhengjiedb.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1901 Nov 6 07:23 yinzhengjiedb.sql.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1840 Nov 6 07:24 yinzhengjiedb.sql.xz [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# mkdir data && mv yinzhengjiedb.sql.xz data [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# ll total 12 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 34 Nov 6 07:30 data -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7869 Nov 6 07:23 yinzhengjiedb.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1901 Nov 6 07:23 yinzhengjiedb.sql.gz [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# cd data/ [[email protected] ~/data]# [[email protected] ~/data]# ll total 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1840 Nov 6 07:24 yinzhengjiedb.sql.xz [[email protected] ~/data]# [[email protected] ~/data]# xz -d yinzhengjiedb.sql.xz [[email protected] ~/data]# [[email protected] ~/data]# ll total 8 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7869 Nov 6 07:24 yinzhengjiedb.sql [[email protected] ~/data]# [[email protected] ~/data]# [[email protected] ~/data]# cd [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# ll total 12 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 31 Nov 6 07:30 data -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7869 Nov 6 07:23 yinzhengjiedb.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1901 Nov 6 07:23 yinzhengjiedb.sql.gz [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# mkdir data2 && mv yinzhengjiedb.sql.gz data2 [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# ll total 8 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 31 Nov 6 07:30 data drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 34 Nov 6 07:32 data2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7869 Nov 6 07:23 yinzhengjiedb.sql [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# cd data2/ [[email protected] ~/data2]# [[email protected] ~/data2]# ll total 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1901 Nov 6 07:23 yinzhengjiedb.sql.gz [[email protected] ~/data2]# [[email protected] ~/data2]# gzip -d yinzhengjiedb.sql.gz [[email protected] ~/data2]# [[email protected] ~/data2]# ll total 8 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7869 Nov 6 07:23 yinzhengjiedb.sql [[email protected] ~/data2]#
4>.使用"-A"选项备份所有数据库，包含create database，存储过程和自定义函数等
[[email protected] ~]# mysqldump -A -uroot -pyinzhengjie -S /mysql/3307/socket/mysql.sock | gzip > /root/alldb.sql.gz [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# ll total 136 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 138038 Nov 6 07:38 alldb.sql.gz [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# gzip -d alldb.sql.gz [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# ll total 480 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 489466 Nov 6 07:38 alldb.sql [[email protected] ~]#
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot -pyinzhengjie -S /mysql/3307/socket/mysql.sock yinzhengjiedb Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 65 Server version: 10.2.19-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [yinzhengjiedb]> MariaDB [yinzhengjiedb]> MariaDB [yinzhengjiedb]> SHOW DATABASES; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | testdb | | yinzhengjiedb | +--------------------+ rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjiedb]> MariaDB [yinzhengjiedb]> DROP DATABASE testdb; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjiedb]> MariaDB [yinzhengjiedb]> DROP DATABASE yinzhengjiedb; Query OK, 7 rows affected (0.02 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjiedb]> MariaDB [yinzhengjiedb]> SHOW DATABASES; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | +--------------------+ rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjiedb]> MariaDB [yinzhengjiedb]> SOURCE /root/alldb.sql Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Database changed Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec) Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 39 rows affected (0.00 sec) Records: 39 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 464 rows affected (0.00 sec) Records: 464 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 1028 rows affected (0.00 sec) Records: 1028 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 508 rows affected (0.03 sec) Records: 508 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 28 rows affected (0.00 sec) Records: 28 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 9 rows affected (0.00 sec) Records: 9 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec) Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec) Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.00 sec) Records: 5 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) Database changed Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 28 rows affected (0.00 sec) Records: 28 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) Database changed Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 8 rows affected (0.00 sec) Records: 8 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 14 rows affected (0.01 sec) Records: 14 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 7 rows affected (0.00 sec) Records: 7 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 15 rows affected (0.00 sec) Records: 15 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 28 rows affected (0.00 sec) Records: 28 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec) Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjiedb]> MariaDB [yinzhengjiedb]> SHOW DATABASES; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | testdb | | yinzhengjiedb | +--------------------+ rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjiedb]> MariaDB [yinzhengjiedb]> SHOW TABLES; +-------------------------+ | Tables_in_yinzhengjiedb | +-------------------------+ | classes | | coc | | courses | | scores | | students | | teachers | | toc | +-------------------------+ 7 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjiedb]> SELECT * FROM teachers; +-----+-------------+-----+--------+ | TID | Name | Age | Gender | +-----+-------------+-----+--------+ | 1 | Jason Yin | 27 | F | | 2 | YinZhengjie | 18 | F | | 3 | Jenny | 20 | M | +-----+-------------+-----+--------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjiedb]> MariaDB [yinzhengjiedb]>
5>.使用"--master-data"选项记录备份时所处于二进制日志所在位置(此选项须启用二进制日志)
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -e "SHOW MASTER STATUS" -uroot -pyinzhengjie -S /mysql/3307/socket/mysql.sock +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | mysql-bin.000003 | 526244 | | | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# mysqldump -A --master-data=1 -uroot -pyinzhengjie -S /mysql/3307/socket/mysql.sock | gzip > /root/alldb.sql.gz [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# ll total 136 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 138137 Nov 6 08:08 alldb.sql.gz [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# gzip -d alldb.sql.gz [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# ll total 480 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 489696 Nov 6 08:08 alldb.sql [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# head -25 alldb.sql -- MySQL dump 10.16 Distrib 10.2.19-MariaDB, for Linux (x86_64) -- -- Host: localhost Database: -- ------------------------------------------------------ -- Server version 10.2.19-MariaDB-log /*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */; /*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */; /*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */; /*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */; /*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */; /*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */; /*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */; /*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */; /*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */; /*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */; -- -- Position to start replication or point-in-time recovery from -- CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000003', MASTER_LOG_POS=526244; -- -- GTID to start replication from [[email protected] ~]#
6>.使用"-F"选项备份前滚动日志
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -e "SHOW MASTER LOGS" -uroot -pyinzhengjie -S /mysql/3307/socket/mysql.sock +------------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +------------------+-----------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 29032 | | mysql-bin.000002 | 365 | | mysql-bin.000003 | 526291 | | mysql-bin.000004 | 385 | +------------------+-----------+ [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# mysql -e "SHOW MASTER STATUS" -uroot -pyinzhengjie -S /mysql/3307/socket/mysql.sock +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | mysql-bin.000004 | 385 | | | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# mysqldump -A --master-data=2 -F -uroot -pyinzhengjie -S /mysql/3307/socket/mysql.sock | gzip > /root/alldb.sql.gz [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# mysql -e "SHOW MASTER STATUS" -uroot -pyinzhengjie -S /mysql/3307/socket/mysql.sock +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | mysql-bin.000005 | 385 | | | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# mysql -e "SHOW MASTER LOGS" -uroot -pyinzhengjie -S /mysql/3307/socket/mysql.sock +------------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +------------------+-----------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 29032 | | mysql-bin.000002 | 365 | | mysql-bin.000003 | 526291 | | mysql-bin.000004 | 432 | | mysql-bin.000005 | 385 | +------------------+-----------+ [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# ll total 136 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 138135 Nov 6 08:22 alldb.sql.gz [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# gzip -d alldb.sql.gz [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# ll total 480 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 489696 Nov 6 08:22 alldb.sql [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# head -30 alldb.sql -- MySQL dump 10.16 Distrib 10.2.19-MariaDB, for Linux (x86_64) -- -- Host: localhost Database: -- ------------------------------------------------------ -- Server version 10.2.19-MariaDB-log /*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */; /*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */; /*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */; /*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */; /*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */; /*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */; /*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */; /*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */; /*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */; /*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */; -- -- Position to start replication or point-in-time recovery from -- -- CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000005', MASTER_LOG_POS=385; -- -- GTID to start replication from -- -- SET GLOBAL gtid_slave_pos='0-1-331'; -- [[email protected] ~]#
7>.
三.