一。签发token的原理
当认证类authentication_classes是JSONWebTokenAuthentication时，其父类JSONWebTokenAPIView只有post 方法，所以需要用post提交。接受有username、password的post请求。
post方法将请求数据交给 rest_framework_jwt.serializer.JSONWebTokenSerializer 处理。
JSONWebTokenSerializer 中的初始化获取username和password进行反序列化，交给全局钩子进行处理。
def validate(self, attrs): # 账号密码字典 credentials = { self.username_field: attrs.get(self.username_field), 'password': attrs.get('password') } if all(credentials.values()): # 签发token第1步：用账号密码得到user对象 user = authenticate(**credentials) if user: if not user.is_active: msg = _('User account is disabled.') raise serializers.ValidationError(msg) # 签发token第2步：通过user得到payload，payload包含着用户信息与过期时间 payload = jwt_payload_handler(user) # 在视图类中，可以通过 序列化对象.object.get('user'或者'token') 拿到user和token return { # 签发token第3步：通过payload签发出token 'token': jwt_encode_handler(payload), 'user': user } else: msg = _('Unable to log in with provided credentials.') raise serializers.ValidationError(msg) else: msg = _('Must include "{username_field}" and "password".') msg = msg.format(username_field=self.username_field) raise serializers.ValidationError(msg)
手动签发token原理：
# 1）通过username、password得到user对象 # 2）通过user对象生成payload：jwt_payload_handler(user) => payload # from rest_framework_jwt.serializers import jwt_payload_handler # 3）通过payload签发token：jwt_encode_handler(payload) => token # from rest_framework_jwt.serializers import jwt_encode_handler
二。自定义drf-jwt。
在jwt中，会通过setting中的字符串获取配置，可以在setting中设置。
# 自定义 drf-jwt 配置 import datetime JWT_AUTH = { # user => payload 'JWT_PAYLOAD_HANDLER': 'rest_framework_jwt.utils.jwt_payload_handler', # payload => token 'JWT_ENCODE_HANDLER': 'rest_framework_jwt.utils.jwt_encode_handler', # token => payload 'JWT_DECODE_HANDLER': 'rest_framework_jwt.utils.jwt_decode_handler', # token过期时间 'JWT_EXPIRATION_DELTA': datetime.timedelta(days=7), # token刷新的过期时间 'JWT_REFRESH_EXPIRATION_DELTA': datetime.timedelta(days=7), # 反爬小措施前缀 'JWT_AUTH_HEADER_PREFIX': 'JWT', }
三，实现多方式登陆签发token
也就是要重写view，和其序列化组件：
from django.db import models from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser class User(AbstractUser): mobile = models.CharField(max_length=11, unique=True) class Meta: db_table = 'api_user' verbose_name = '用户表' verbose_name_plural = verbose_name def __str__(self): return self.username
from rest_framework import serializers from . import models import re # 拿到前台token的两个函数： user => payload => token # from rest_framework_jwt.settings import api_settings # jwt_payload_handler = api_settings.JWT_PAYLOAD_HANDLER # jwt_encode_handler = api_settings.JWT_ENCODE_HANDLER from rest_framework_jwt.serializers import jwt_payload_handler from rest_framework_jwt.serializers import jwt_encode_handler # 1) 前台提交多种登录信息都采用一个key，所以后台可以自定义反序列化字段进行对应 # 2) 序列化类要处理序列化与反序列化，要在fields中设置model绑定的Model类所有使用到的字段 # 3) 区分序列化字段与反序列化字段 read_only | write_only # 4) 在自定义校验规则中（局部钩子、全局钩子）校验数据是否合法、确定登录的用户、根据用户签发token # 5) 将登录的用户与签发的token保存在序列化类对象中 class UserModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): # 自定义反序列字段：一定要设置write_only，只参与反序列化，不会与model类字段映射 usr = serializers.CharField(write_only=True) pwd = serializers.CharField(write_only=True) class Meta: model = models.User fields = ['usr', 'pwd', 'username', 'mobile', 'email'] # 系统校验规则 extra_kwargs = { 'username': { 'read_only': True }, 'mobile': { 'read_only': True }, 'email': { 'read_only': True }, } def validate(self, attrs): usr = attrs.get('usr') pwd = attrs.get('pwd') # 多方式登录：各分支处理得到该方式下对应的用户 if re.match(r'.+@.+', usr): user_query = models.User.objects.filter(email=usr) elif re.match(r'1[3-9][0-9]{9}', usr): user_query = models.User.objects.filter(mobile=usr) else: user_query = models.User.objects.filter(username=usr) user_obj = user_query.first() # 签发：得到登录用户，签发token并存储在实例化对象中 if user_obj and user_obj.check_password(pwd): # 签发token，将token存放到 实例化类对象的token 名字中 payload = jwt_payload_handler(user_obj) token = jwt_encode_handler(payload) # 将当前用户与签发的token都保存在序列化对象中 self.user = user_obj self.token = token return attrs raise serializers.ValidationError({'data': '数据有误'})
#实现多方式登陆签发token：账号、手机号、邮箱等登陆 # 1) 禁用认证与权限组件 # 2) 拿到前台登录信息，交给序列化类 # 3) 序列化类校验得到登录用户与token存放在序列化对象中 # 4) 取出登录用户与token返回给前台 import re from . import serializers, models from utils.response import APIResponse from rest_framework_jwt.serializers import jwt_payload_handler from rest_framework_jwt.serializers import jwt_encode_handler class LoginAPIView(APIView): # 1) 禁用认证与权限组件 authentication_classes = [] permission_classes = [] def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs): # 2) 拿到前台登录信息，交给序列化类，规则：账号用usr传，密码用pwd传 user_ser = serializers.UserModelSerializer(data=request.data) # 3) 序列化类校验得到登录用户与token存放在序列化对象中 user_ser.is_valid(raise_exception=True) # 4) 取出登录用户与token返回给前台 return APIResponse(token=user_ser.token, results=serializers.UserModelSerializer(user_ser.user).data) # "一根筋" 思考方式：所有逻辑都在视图类中处理 def my_post(self, request, *args, **kwargs): usr = request.data.get('usr') pwd = request.data.get('pwd') if re.match(r'.+@.+', usr): user_query = models.User.objects.filter(email=usr) elif re.match(r'1[3-9][0-9]{9}', usr): user_query = models.User.objects.filter(mobile=usr) else: user_query = models.User.objects.filter(username=usr) user_obj = user_query.first() if user_obj and user_obj.check_password(pwd): payload = jwt_payload_handler(user_obj) token = jwt_encode_handler(payload) return APIResponse(results={'username': user_obj.username}, token=token) return APIResponse(data_msg='不可控错误')
发送：
{ "usr":"", "pwd":"" }
接受：
{ "token":"" }
四。自定义jwt认证规则。
改写auth_class中的类。
import jwt from rest_framework_jwt.authentication import BaseJSONWebTokenAuthentication from rest_framework_jwt.authentication import jwt_decode_handler from rest_framework.exceptions import AuthenticationFailed class JWTAuthentication(BaseJSONWebTokenAuthentication): def authenticate(self, request): jwt_token = request.META.get('HTTP_AUTHORIZATION') # 自定义校验规则：auth token jwt token = self.parse_jwt_token(jwt_token) if token is None: return None try: # token => payload payload = jwt_decode_handler(token) except jwt.ExpiredSignature: raise AuthenticationFailed('token已过期') except: raise AuthenticationFailed('非法用户') # payload => user user = self.authenticate_credentials(payload) return (user, token) # 自定义校验规则：auth token jwt，auth为前盐，jwt为后盐 def parse_jwt_token(self, jwt_token): tokens = jwt_token.split() if len(tokens) != 3 or tokens[0].lower() != 'auth' or tokens[2].lower() != 'jwt': return None return tokens[1]
from rest_framework.views import APIView from utils.response import APIResponse # 必须登录后才能访问 - 通过了认证权限组件 from rest_framework.permissions import IsAuthenticated # 自定义jwt校验规则 from .authentications import JWTAuthentication class UserDetail(APIView): authentication_classes = [JWTAuthentication] permission_classes = [IsAuthenticated] def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return APIResponse(results={'username': request.user.username})
五。自定义admin表
可以通过useradmin的修改，继承，改变admin管理后台的方式：
from django.contrib import admin from . import models # 自定义User表，admin后台管理，采用密文密码 from django.contrib.auth.admin import UserAdmin class MyUserAdmin(UserAdmin): add_fieldsets = ( (None, { 'classes': ('wide',), 'fields': ('username', 'password1', 'password2', 'mobile', 'email'), }), ) admin.site.register(models.User, MyUserAdmin)
六，数据准备：
class Car(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=16, unique=True, verbose_name='车名') price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=2, verbose_name='价格') brand = models.CharField(max_length=16, verbose_name='品牌') class Meta: db_table = 'api_car' verbose_name = '汽车表' verbose_name_plural = verbose_name def __str__(self): return self.name
admin.site.register(models.Car)
class CarModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model = models.Car fields = ['name', 'price', 'brand']
# Car的群查接口 from rest_framework.generics import ListAPIView class CarListAPIView(ListAPIView): queryset = models.Car.objects.all() serializer_class = serializers.CarModelSerializer
url(r'^cars/$', views.CarListAPIView.as_view()),
1。drf
from rest_framework.generics import ListAPIView # 第一步：drf的SearchFilter - 搜索过滤 from rest_framework.filters import SearchFilter class CarListAPIView(ListAPIView): queryset = models.Car.objects.all() serializer_class = serializers.CarModelSerializer # 第二步：局部配置 过滤类 们（全局配置用DEFAULT_FILTER_BACKENDS） filter_backends = [SearchFilter] # 第三步：SearchFilter过滤类依赖的过滤条件 => 接口：/cars/?search=... search_fields = ['name', 'price'] # eg：/cars/?search=1，name和price中包含1的数据都会被查询出
2。
from rest_framework.generics import ListAPIView # 第一步：drf的OrderingFilter - 排序过滤 from rest_framework.filters import OrderingFilter class CarListAPIView(ListAPIView): queryset = models.Car.objects.all() serializer_class = serializers.CarModelSerializer # 第二步：局部配置 过滤类 们（全局配置用DEFAULT_FILTER_BACKENDS） filter_backends = [OrderingFilter] # 第三步：OrderingFilter过滤类依赖的过滤条件 => 接口：/cars/?ordering=... ordering_fields = ['pk', 'price'] # eg：/cars/?ordering=-price,pk，先按price降序，如果出现price相同，再按pk升序
多个过滤器之间使用分隔符&进行分割
3。
在分页中，从list视图类中寻找page属性，再从generics中获取paginate_queryset，这个类只能有一个。
所以调用pagination中的基础分页器进行改写：
from rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPagination class MyPageNumberPagination(PageNumberPagination): # ?page=页码 page_query_param = 'page' # ?page=页面 下默认一页显示的条数 page_size = 3 # ?page=页面&page_size=条数 用户自定义一页显示的条数 page_size_query_param = 'page_size' # 用户自定义一页显示的条数最大限制：数值超过5也只显示5条 max_page_size = 5
view
from rest_framework.generics import ListAPIView class CarListAPIView(ListAPIView): # 如果queryset没有过滤条件，就必须 .all()，不然分页会出问题 queryset = models.Car.objects.all() serializer_class = serializers.CarModelSerializer # 分页组件 - 给视图类配置分页类即可 - 分页类需要自定义，继承drf提供的分页类即可 pagination_class = pagenations.MyPageNumberPagination # 输入127.0.0.1/cars/?page=页码&page_size