一、配置web.xml文件
在web.xml文件中,主要配置springservlet、mybatis、网页中文编码等内容
<web-app
id="WebApp_ID"
version="3.0"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_3_0.xsd">
<display-name>Spring MVC Form Handling</display-name>
<!--1. servlet配置 -->
<servlet>
<!--
(1) servlet名称
(2) servlet类名
(3)加载servlet的时机,1表示服务器启动时加载
(4)servlet配置文件的位置
-->
<servlet-name>HelloSpringWeb</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
<!--contextConfigLocation配置springmvc加载的配置文件(配置处理器映射器、适配器等等) 如果不配置contextConfigLocation,默认加载的是/WEB-INF/servlet名称-serlvet.xml(springmvc-servlet.xml) -->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/config/springmvcConfig.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<!-- 2. servlet拦截地址配置 -->
<servlet-mapping>
<!--
(1)servlet名称 ,要与前面的名称保持一致
(2)拦截地址
-->
<servlet-name>HelloSpringWeb</servlet-name>
<!-- servlet对应的地址空间
第一种:*.action,访问以.action结尾由DispatcherServlet进行解析
第二种:/,所以访问的地址都由DispatcherServlet进行解析,对于静态文件的解析需要配置不让DispatcherServlet进行解析使用此种方式可以实现RESTfu1风格的ur1
第三种:/*,这样配置不对,使用这种配置,最终要转发到一个jsp页面时, 然会由DispatcherServlet解析jsp地址,不能根据jsp页面找到handler,会报错。
-->
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<!-- 3. mybatis配置 -->
<!-- (1)参数文件位置 -->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/config/mybatisConfig.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<!-- (2)加载参数文件的监听器 -->
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<!-- 4. 页面编码配置 -->
<filter>
<!--
(1)设置编码类型
(2)是否强制编码
-->
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<!-- encoding=UTF-8 -->
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<!-- forceEncoding=true -->
<param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
</web-app>
二、配置SpringMVC文件
在springmvcConfig.xml文件中主要做 扫描配置、注解配置、视图配置、静态资源配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"
xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa-1.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.2.xsd">
<!-- 1. 扫描配置
自动扫描的包名,包括controller,service等,是这些子包的父包,因此可合并文com.gs
-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.gs.controller, com.gs.service" />
<!-- 2. 注解配置
默认的注解映射的支持
-->
<mvc:annotation-driven />
<!-- 3. 视图配置
(1)前缀
(2)后缀
-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<!-- 视图前缀 -->
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
<!-- 视图后缀 -->
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
</bean>
<!-- 4. 静态资源文件配置
(1)在url路径中包含/images/**这样的请求不会被拦截,并对应的目录为/WEB-INF/static/images/
(2)** 表示可以带子目录
-->
<mvc:resources mapping="/images/**" location="/WEB-INF/static/images/" />
<mvc:resources mapping="/js/**" location="/WEB-INF/js/" />
<mvc:resources mapping="/css/**" location="/WEB-INF/css/" />
</beans>
三、配置Mybatis文件
mybatisConfig.xml文件主要配置 数据库属性文件配置、数据库Datasource配置、会话配置、扫描数据读写接口配置、数据库事务配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:mybatis="http://mybatis.org/schema/mybatis-spring"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd
http://mybatis.org/schema/mybatis-spring
http://mybatis.org/schema/mybatis-spring.xsd">
<!--1. 数据库属性文件配置
引入属性文件,在配置中占位使用
-->
<context:property-placeholder location="/WEB-INF/config/db.properties" />
<!--2. 数据库datasource配置
driverClass、url、user、password是必须配置的
-->
<bean id="datasource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource" destroy-method="close">
<!--驱动类名 -->
<property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}" />
<!-- url -->
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}" />
<!-- 用户名 -->
<property name="user" value="${jdbc.user}" />
<!-- 密码 -->
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" />
<!-- 当连接池中的连接耗尽的时候c3p0一次同时获取的连接数 -->
<property name="acquireIncrement" value="5"></property>
<!-- 初始连接池大小 -->
<property name="initialPoolSize" value="10"></property>
<!-- 连接池中连接最小个数 -->
<property name="minPoolSize" value="5"></property>
<!-- 连接池中连接最大个数 -->
<property name="maxPoolSize" value="20"></property>
</bean>
<!--3. 会话配置
会话的数据源引用上面设置的datasource
-->
<bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="datasource"></property>
</bean>
<!--4. 扫描数据读写接口 -->
<mybatis:scan base-package="com.gs.mapper"/>
<!--5 声明式事务管理 -->
<!--定义事物管理器,由spring管理事务 -->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<property name="dataSource" ref="datasource"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
db.properties文件的内容如下
jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test
jdbc.user=root
jdbc.password=root
四、编写实体类
实体类是数据的载体,是数据格式的体现。User.java文件内容如下
package com.gs.entity;
public class User
{
/*
* 属性名,私有成员变量
*/
private String name;
private String password;
/*
* setter 和 getter
*/
public String getName()
{
return name;
}
public void setName(String name)
{
this.name = name;
}
public String getPassword()
{
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password)
{
this.password = password;
}
}
五、编写Mapper接口和SQL
mapper接口是实现数据库数据读写的工具,要配合SQL的xml文件使用。
(1)java文件
UserMapper.java接口文件内容如下:
package com.gs.mapper;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Update;
import com.gs.entity.User;
public interface UserMapper
{
/*
* 使用@Param(参数名) 可以将传递的参数之间映射到sql语句的同名参数上,xml中可以不指定parameterType
*/
public User getUser(@Param("name") String name, @Param("password") String password);
/*
* 不使用@Param注释,则要在xml中指定parameterType,如果是类类型,则sql参数会自动对应同名的类属性
*/
public void insertUser(User user);
public void deleteUser(User user);
/*
* 下面这个例子说明,不写xml文件也可以,但是要使用mybatis的注解@Update
*/
@Update("update user set password = #{password} where name = #{name}")
public void updateUser(User user);
}
(2)xml文件
在UserMapper.java相同目录下,编写UserMapper.xml,对应接口方法用到的SQL语句,内容如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<!--命名空间应该是对应接口的包名+接口名 -->
<mapper namespace="com.gs.mapper.UserMapper">
<select id="getUser" resultType="com.gs.entity.User" >
<!-- 语句中name和password参数自动与接口的参数对应,返回值为User对象 -->
select name, password from user where name=#{name} and password=#{password}
</select>
<insert id="insertUser" parameterType="com.gs.entity.User">
<!-- 传递进来的是User类型,sql语句中的参数会自动对应 -->
insert into user values(#{name}, #{password})
</insert>
<delete id="deleteUser" parameterType="com.gs.entity.User">
delete from user where name=#{name}
</delete>
</mapper>
六、编写服务接口和实现类
服务接口与具体的业务相关, 在实现类中可以包含多Mapper接口,在业务逻辑过程中实现各类数据的读写
可以不写服务接口,直接写服务接口实现类,UserService.java文件内容如下:
package com.gs.service;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import com.gs.entity.User;
import com.gs.mapper.UserMapper;
/* 注解 服务类
* 格式 @Service(value="名称")
* 该名称将在控制器中引用
*/
@Service
public class UserService
{
/*
* 自动装配userMapper
*/
@Autowired
UserMapper userMapper;
public User getUser(String name, String password)
{
System.out.println("enter service");
return userMapper.getUser(name, password);
}
public void insertUser(String name, String password)
{
System.out.println("insert user");
User user = new User();
user.setName(name);
user.setPassword(password);
userMapper.insertUser(user);
}
public void deleteUser(String name, String password)
{
System.out.println("delete user");
User user = new User();
user.setName(name);
userMapper.deleteUser(user);
}
}
七、编写控制器
浏览器提交的url传递到web服务器后,首先被分配器拦截,分配器根据请求url找到相应的控制器,控制器根据请求url进一步找到请求的方法,在请求方法中编写返回浏览器的内容
package com.gs.controller;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import com.gs.entity.User;
import com.gs.mapper.UserMapper;
import com.gs.service.UserService;
import com.sun.swing.internal.plaf.basic.resources.basic;
/*
* 控制器以@Controller开头
* 每个类名就是一个控制器
* 控制器中有很多方法,对应着各种url请求
* 控制器下面还可以带@RequestMapping,表示url请求路径在主路径下的子路径
*/
@Controller
@RequestMapping(value = "/user")
public class LoginController
{
/*
* 自动装配 @Autowired,就是在控制器类中定义的成员变量,不必自己实例化,而是由spring创建bean来装配
* 前提条件是,在配置xml文件时要指定扫描的bean所在的包或父包, 如
* <context:component-scan base-package="com.gs.service, com.gs.mapper"/>
*/
@Autowired
UserService userservice;
@Autowired
UserMapper userMapper;
/*
* 时间请求路径为ip:port/项目名/user/login,GET方法表示是地址栏的请求
*/
@RequestMapping(value = "/login", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String login()
{
/*
* 返回WEB-INF/jsp/user/login.jsp文件,具体请看springmvc配置中的前缀和后缀配置
*/
return "user/login";
}
/*
* POST方法表示是表单的请求
*/
@RequestMapping(value = "/loginUser", method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String loginUser(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
{
String name = request.getParameter("name");
String password = request.getParameter("password");
if (userservice.getUser(name, password) == null)
{
System.out.println("not found this user!");
return "user/error";
}
else
{
System.out.println("found this user!");
return "user/ok";
}
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/insert", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String insertUser()
{
return "user/insert";
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/insertUser", method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String insertUser(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
{
String name = request.getParameter("name");
String password = request.getParameter("password");
userservice.insertUser(name, password);
return "user/ok";
}
@RequestMapping(value="/delete", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String deleteUser()
{
return "user/delete";
}
@RequestMapping(value="/deleteUser", method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String deleteUser(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
{
User user = new User();
user.setName(request.getParameter("name"));
user.setPassword(request.getParameter("password"));
/*
* 这个例子说明,既可以调用service来实现功能,也可以直接调用mapper来实现功能
*/
userMapper.deleteUser(user);
return "user/ok";
}
@RequestMapping(value="/update", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String updateUser()
{
return "user/update";
}
@RequestMapping(value="/updateUser", method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String updateUser(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
{
User user = new User();
user.setName(request.getParameter("name"));
user.setPassword(request.getParameter("password"));
userMapper.updateUser(user);
return "user/ok";
}
}
八、编写jsp文件
jsp文件存放在WEB-INF/jsp/user目录下,包括login.jsp, insert.jsp, update.jsp, delete.jsp, ok.jsp, error.jsp等文件,login.jsp文件内容如下:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Student Information</h2>
<form method="POST" action="/HelloWeb/user/loginUser">
<table>
<tr>
<td colspan="2"><img src="../images/user/user2.jpg" width="200" height="200"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><label>Name</form:label></td>
<td><input name="name" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><label >Password</form:label></td>
<td><input name="password" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2"><input type="submit" value="Submit" /></td>
</tr>
</table>
</form>
</body>
</html>
九、依赖的jar
依赖的jar包括springmvc、mybatis和mysql驱动等,如下图所示: