Linux下的文件的传输、归档、压缩及解压

1.文件归档

文件归档,就是把多个文件变成一个归档文件

2.tar命令

tar    c        ##创建

[root@localhost ~]# tar cf /mnt/etc.tar /etc/
tar: Removing leading `/' from member names
[root@localhost ~]# ls /mnt/
etc.tar  file


    f        ##指定归档文件名称

    t        ##显示归档文件中的内容

[root@localhost ~]# tar ft /mnt/etc.tar
etc/
etc/fstab
etc/crypttab
etc/mtab
etc/pki/
etc/pki/rpm-gpg/
etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-beta
etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-legacy-former
etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-legacy-release
etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-legacy-rhx
etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
etc/pki/ca-trust/
etc/pki/ca-trust/README
etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/
etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/README
etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/java/
etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/java/README
etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/java/cacerts
etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/openssl/
etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/openssl/README
etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/openssl/ca-bundle.trust.crt
etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/pem/
etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/pem/README
etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/pem/tls-ca-bundle.pem
etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/pem/email-ca-bundle.pem
etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/pem/objsign-ca-bundle.pem
etc/pki/ca-trust/source/
etc/pki/ca-trust/source/README
etc/pki/ca-trust/source/anchors/
etc/pki/ca-trust/source/blacklist/
etc/pki/java/
etc/pki/java/cacerts
etc/pki/tls/
etc/pki/tls/cert.pem
etc/pki/tls/certs/
etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt
etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.trust.crt
etc/pki/tls/certs/Makefile
etc/pki/tls/certs/make-dummy-cert
etc/pki/tls/certs/renew-dummy-cert
etc/pki/tls/misc/
etc/pki/tls/misc/CA
etc/pki/tls/misc/c_hash
etc/pki/tls/misc/c_info
etc/pki/tls/misc/c_issuer
etc/pki/tls/misc/c_name
etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf
etc/pki/tls/private/
etc/pki/nssdb/
    r        ##向归档文件中添加文件
    --get        ##取出单个文件
    --delete    ##删除单个文件
    x        ##取出归档文件中的所有内容
    -C        ##指定解档目录
    -z        ##gz格式压缩
    -j        ##bz2格式压缩
    -J        ##xz格式压缩


2.压缩

gz
gzip etc.tar        ##压缩成gz格式
gunzip  etc.tar.gz    ##解压gz格式压缩包
tar zcf etc.tar.gz /etc    ##把文件归档为tar并压缩成gz
tar zxf etc.tar.gz    ##解压并解档gz格式压缩包

bz2
bzip2 etc.tar        ##压缩成bz2格式
bunzip2 etc.tar.bz2    ##解压bz2格式压缩包
tar jcf etc.tar.bz2 /etc    ##把文件归档为tar并压缩成bz2
tar jxf etc.tar.bz2    ##解压并解档bz2格式压缩包

xz
xz etc.tar         ##压缩成xz格式
unxz  etc.tar.xz    ##解压xz格式压缩包
tar Jcf etc.tar.xz /etc    ##把文件归档为tar并压缩成zx
tar Jxf etc.tar.xz    ##解压并解档xz格式压缩包

zip

zip -r etc.tar.zip etc.tar    ##压缩成zip格式
unzip etc.tar.zip        ##解压zip格式压缩包

3.系统中的文件传输

scp    file     username@ip:/dir    ##上传
scp    username@ip:/dir/file  /dir    ##下载

[root@localhost ~]# scp * [email protected]:/mnt/
The authenticity of host '172.25.254.165 (172.25.254.165)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is eb:24:0e:07:96:26:b1:04:c2:37:0c:78:2d:bc:b0:08.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '172.25.254.165' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
[email protected]'s password:
anaconda-ks.cfg                               100% 8619     8.4KB/s   00:00    
Desktop: not a regular file
Documents: not a regular file
Downloads: not a regular file
file                                          100%    0     0.0KB/s   00:00    
Music: not a regular file
Pictures: not a regular file
Public: not a regular file
redhat                                        100% 1766     1.7KB/s   00:00    
redhat.pub                                    100%  396     0.4KB/s   00:00    
Templates: not a regular file
Videos: not a regular file
westos: not a regular file

rsync [参数]    file    username@ip:/dir
rsync    -r    ##同步目录
    -l    ##不忽略链接
    -p    ##不忽略文件权限
    -t    ##不忽文件时间戳
    -g    ##不忽文件所有组
    -o    ##不忽文件所有人

    -D    ##不忽略设备文件


[root@localhost ~]# touch game{1..5}
[root@localhost ~]# chown student.student *
[root@localhost ~]# chmod 777 *
[root@localhost ~]# rsync -r * root @172.25.254.165:/mnt
@172.25.254.165's password:
Permission denied, please try again.
@172.25.254.165's password:
Permission denied, please try again.
@172.25.254.165's password:
Permission denied (publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password).
rsync: connection unexpectedly closed (0 bytes received so far) [sender]
rsync error: unexplained error (code 255) at io.c(605) [sender=3.0.9]






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转载自blog.csdn.net/a313434458/article/details/80090917